, it came back down. >> we are back to the whole punitive policy. >> let's go back to the one last question. >> i went to cuba as a tourist last year, so what i saw was somewhat controlled and more managed as part of a tour group, but i left with the belief the military really controls cubit and sort of the leaders of the military control all of industry and major hotels and tumors unpick the reality is it doesn't matter whether it's any of the castro's because the leadership so comes from the military ultimately so not sure many of the policies we have had with embargo or lack of embargo will change that much as long as the military still controls the money. >> it is the castro's that control the military, i mean, raul retains his commander of

the armed forces. the guy who runs the military sort of corporate industrial complex, is the ex- son-in-law with whom he's very close. this is-- interestingly and i have frequently told people that brought rule castro is sort of cuba's ceo because the military runs a so much stuff you don't imagine the military runs. they run hotels and cars, restaurants. they run everything. >> here is the thing. there's one really strong institution in cuban as a military, second behind it is the party, so you have to have those institutions change and how many of those institutions change? they change because they are forced to buy that economy and that's when you begin to get opening. that's when you have raul buddy

600,000 people going to the private sector and let cubans travel without having to have permission in advance. that's what you have to have. you have to have economic reform and that is possible. that is possible, i mean, you have to have unification of the currency, a change in the way that bureaucracy operates, not the same old top-down bureaucracy and i believed this might happen with the obama castro opening. >> i was very hopeful with the obama castro opening. i thought it was one of the most amazing things that had happened i mean i was like wow. to meet with almost as big as the death of fidel castro, but it's been undone scenic exactly. the policy that could have changed cuba if not to an ally, at least to a respected or

country that we could deal with to trade that the cuban people would eventually become more prosperous and have greater say in we lost that and we have actually seemingly lost the whole region because we don't have a policy towards the region obviously with this awful immigration policy that we have now with haiti again in trouble, with no reply or adequate reply to the tragedy in puerto rico, we just let this region, which is essential to the united states security kind of wonder on its own as we build our calls higher. >> on that up no, let's think our panel. [applause]. thank you for attending today's program.

books can be purchased and assigned outside the auditorium. thank you. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> that was a discussion on cuba , live from the .-dot printers row lit fest. of the authors are making their way over to the signing area where we will watch as they continued the conversation and assigned books. the next author discussion, a look at gender identity will start soon. a reminder, follow book tv on social media to get behind the scenes video and the book past. book tv is our address bar facebook, twitter and instagram.

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[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> for the first time we get a behind-the-scenes view of negotiations during kind of a major crisis. as reporters we are on the outside especially in cuba. we have no idea what's going on. people say they have sources in cuban government do not so i thought that was really interesting. >> it was really painful because

that the clinton administration really did not want to send him back, but they knew it was the right thing to do and then of course they can't escape blame. in the courts it can take forever, so it was the worst thing he could have done. >> all major players. they had all been sidelined. >> that's-- well, he sidelined them. it's like-- >> carlos made that mistake. he was overly ambitious and it's sort of interesting. it's a scary and away. >> i think here is that maybe he could make it, i mean, he was

always very reasonable. he was the man that really made it happen-- [inaudible] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

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[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> starting now from printers row lit fest pipe in chicago, authors talk on gender identity. >> welcome to the 34th annual chicago tribune printers row lit fest. to give a special thank you to our sponsors are today's program be broadcast live on c-span2 book tv. there will be time at the end of