>> in the view of the warren commission, they described boldly the circumstances of the assassination of president kennedy but is there more to this story than the warren report ever discovered? >> this weekend on real america on american history tv, 1967 special news series, a cbs news inquiry: the warren report anchored by walter cronkite answering unanswered questions into john f. kennedy's assassination saturday 10 pm eastern, lee harvey oswald and whether he acted alone to assassinate president kennedy . >> it seems we should try to establish the difficulty of that rapidfire performance, hence our next question, how fast to that rifle be fired? >> what real america at 10 pm eastern on american history tv on c-span3.

>> when we study the history of memphis tennessee, there is free april 4, 1968 and there was supposed april 4, 1968 . >> memphis was the place of a lot of racial tension but it was also the place of a lot of racial harmony. >> had there been no cotton economy, there might not have been the need a transportation hub so it's possible without that, memphis would not exist in the 21st-century. >> defense city tour takes you to memphis tennessee with the help of our comcast cable partners. . author him talks about his book down to the crossroads: civil rights, black power and the march against fear. and author charles hughes on the role music played in his book country soul: making

music and making race in the american south. sunday at 2 pm on american history tv, the history of in memphis during the mid-19th century and then a visit to the national civil rights museum.watch our cities tour of memphis saturday at 7 pm eastern and sunday at 2 pm on american history tv on c-span3 as we explore america . >> monday on c-span, senator lamar alexander looks at free-speech and diversity issues on college campuses. >> is there anything different about the challenges we face today compared to those in the past? >> but different today is the iphone which i gave my way before i sat down but this revolutionize all forms of activity including all of our politics . but the principles are the same and let me give you a story that illustrates today. susan collins is i guess

you'd fairly say the most moderate republican senator. she was invited to go to a northeastern university's to speak , not long ago. several students told the administration that if she were allowed to speak without meeting with them for , they would disrupt her speech. the administration gave in to that request and susan met with them which she didn't really think she should have to do. and then she made the seat . what the administration did was to allow the students to exercise what they deemed the heckler's veto. at allow those students to prevent or to threaten to prevent the united states senator with whom they disagree who was speaking on their college campus. what the administration did that was wrong was getting into that. what it should have said is you may not attend, you may cross your arms, you may even

turn around and look the other way, you might even send abu occasionally but if you disrupt her speech and you prevent others from your inner, you will be punished because you have no right under the first amendment to do that. >> watch the full conversation with the chair of the senate education committee lamar alexander and deputy attorney general rob rosenstein monday at 8 pm eastern on c-span. >> next on cspan2, a look at us saudi relations with the former saudi arabian ambassador and a businessman on the united arab emirates area this is about 45 minutes . >>. >> you guys still enthused? distinguished guests and friends, my name is paige peterson.

the national council of us arab relations is privileged to welcome back to its annual policymakers conference mister alatorre. he is a longtime friend of the national council and is known throughout the world as a prominent businessman, writer and philanthropist. i have read his book, it's an excellent read, i recommend it. we are lucky to be able to hear from him today . ladies and gentlemen, mister hamburg. >>. [speaking in native tongue] your royal highness. ladies and gentlemen. the national council on saudi relationship. first of all, i would like to say my condolence to the american people on the loss of the victim and the attack,

may god bless their souls. it is a pleasure to be in washington dc among you. i have shared my ability to share fresh views on your great city. this is the place, this is an area impacting not only the state of america, also the entire world. >> we live in a time of great medical and economic insecurity. a future can no longer be predicted. fundamental rentals and values that we have known since the end of world war ii are being overturned. old alliances are being

rekindled, frankly i am concerned. america first is a slogan that inspires loyalty. every nation has to put the interests of its people first . that's of course, but let us not forget that no country is an island by itself. we share one planet. we are all finding a solution to common threats. we need to be part of america. we must manage a broad consideration in the middle east and africa so that refugees can go home and find safety. doing so will and the freeze of people and countries, among them americans who feel over all the world

overwhelmed by immigrants. working together we can create a better world for all , trying to address important issues, sadly that is not happening. it is every country for itself. i traveled from my country, the united arab emirates, i call it the jewel of the world. on my way to washington dc almost 15 days, of course i was passing a few afghan countries. lots of 13 days ago when the news was completely consumed by his disappear of jamaal khashoggi. i was shocked that even while the saudi citizen disappeared was still under investigation, the

international media and washington lawmakers acted as judges and juries. fingers were being pointed at the crown prince. major information companies pulled out of saudi arabia's investment purely through unproven allegations. it was a big mistake. they were the losers, 100 percent. it was well attended, those were turned their backs on saudi gifted their posterity to russia, china, europe and elsewhere. the paw of period khashoggi's

murder is out. the killer will be tried and receive a fitting punishment. i am sorry that american lawmakers and media still imposed sanctions against saudi arabia. this is bad news. let me remind you that saudi arabia is a leader in interreligious dialogue for peace and partnership with my country, united arab emirates, the kingdom has been leading on the views of softpower and security . we have been setting up for its infusion, that raises awareness about extremists and starting dialogue between different societies. while governments around the

world transform a global strategy to uproot the ideology of violent extremists, saudi arabia and the immigrants we have been doing just that for many years, sadly certain countries provide those criminals with refugees. i heard us leaders to respect the kingdom's ability, the law must take its course. america needs saudi arabia and the fight against terrorism. america needs saudi arabia to help contain iran. america needs saudi arabia to invest in such energies that create jobs. let us focus on what is important. last week, the university of the us marines in beirut,

signed a new section targeting iran. some refer to them as the highest sanction ever imposed on hezbollah. to date, even. i have to wonder why economic sanctions are the goal of mechanism to punish countries that do not fall in line. yes, they have been ordered as bringing north korea to the table but tensions, sanctioning iran has not changed its aggressive behavior. just the opposite. >> iran is more vital than ever in its support of the hostility of the west.

the us foreign ministry tweeted that since the iranian revolution, and ran had more targeted assassinations and more than 20 countries worldwide. two years ago i stood before you an appeal to you to act against the biggest threat facing our world. then as now, i address the lack of action taken by the us in putting a stop to terrorism's biggest rosary ran. >> asked why nothing has been done to curb the restrictive activities of tehran. and hezbollah that have attacked beautiful lebanon with partnering with a syria.

in the time of president psalm, iran said assured of the world i. americans invasion of the cradle of civilization based on the false intelligence gave iran a free hand as the rise of hezbollah. today around and poses a threat to the whole world not only to the middle east, over the years americas has had two presidents with different foreign policies on either end of the issues. yet, when it comes to dealing with the threat posed by iran, nothing changed. president obama was soft on iran, president from talk a good game but hesitates toward making any firm commitment.

presidents dar es salaam criticized iran and held up dictatorships. last month in the united nations , his administration ensured a new economic sanctions against iran and hezbollah this month but these are not sufficient. they will not help. russia and china and europe are not on board. we need reelection. please do not imagine calling for war. far from it. we have nothing against the iranian people. radiance are good people. we have socialized with them, welcomed them in our country. they are a a poor people with their little freedom. they should be empowered by

empowered for their own future. as for the iranianregime , support of terrorism, it can be stopped by eliminating its northern terrorists army, hezbollah and also by empowering the arabian minorities who are abused and the press by the revolutionary guard and occupying the people living in extreme poverty and strength of their basic human rights and freely apprenticed their old religion. hezbollah's criminal activities and spread out from lebanon to iran, syria, yemen, south america and as well even inthe united states . it is leaders hidden out in

low security given anymore, given less than intelligence, , hezbollah can pinpointtheir whereabouts . what are you or us waiting for. >> the patients with which iran is still would surprise me. why are the united states, and this is western allies so patient where they are. you may hope that you ran is the prodigal son of the son who will one day take the west armand rebel? >> that is a pipe dream. iran's defiance of the state in the civilized world will never cease. it is time for the world to

claim action to terminate this threat to the peaceful teacher of our president. >> once and for all. i don't want to continue a lot, maybe you very much. >>. [applause] >> we like to welcome judith miller up to the podium. judith is a pulitzer prize winning investigative journalist and they're going to have a conversation. >> greetings everyone and happy halloween. an appropriate holiday given the scary nature of washington these days. much of the country. we are about to have an election as you know, doctor out before, we are delighted to have you here and your

excellencies, fellow students and experts of the middle east and on the middleeast . i was a little both concerned and relieved by your remarks. because up until today and your speech, the murder of jamaal khashoggi had not been mentioned. in addition to the long-standing ties between arabia and the united states, the gulf and the united states. a common concern about human rights, the rights that are violated by the iranian regime and other regimes in the area. also figures as a common concern for our alliance. i wondered what, it's very clear to me that what has been said so far by the kingdom of saudi arabia, by the government of saudi arabia has not alleviated concerns about the faith of jamaal khashoggi, about what

happened to him and who gave the orders and most importantly as the washington post pointed out today, where his body is so that it can be returned to his relatives and family. would you call for an international neutral investigation of this matter beyond the investigation which has already been proposed which does not seem to alleviate concerns of so many people who want justice for him and his family? >> you. i would put a question to your question as well. i'm just wondering, i mean , jamal khashoggi is a saudi citizen and in saudi arabia they have courts. they have judges.

they have fair justice, king salman is the fairest king in the land and there will be fairness from saudi arabia . why the world and the media, they look at it is what's happening with hundreds of iranians, iran iskilling them every single day ? why in a hamas has been occupied, why the iranian, nobody in the media is not talking about them? there is a lot happening in the world, only one person khashoggi which he is a saudi citizen, everyone is against his crime and these people which pointed to them, the saudi nationals, they would reply and i assure you, soon

you would find them in the tv with fair judgment. >> if presumably the people who have been blamed for his death have been interrogated already, presumably the saudi government knows full well by this point where his body is. i think reflecting attention from this critical issue raises questions for the american business community here in the united states and in europe and elsewhere about the safety of their own personnel. if they choose to invest in saudi arabia, an american resident and saudi citizen can meet such a fate in a saudi consulate in turkey, and allied muslim country, how can the business community feel safe in sending its own representatives into such a state? >> i think this question

should be raised to the president of turkey, he knows what it's about. >> he knows where it is? >> in his his country and the saudi consulate and he knows where the body but it has to be ordained. but he would be i think the right person for that. >> what do you think would be an appropriate punishment for people held responsible for the death of jamal khashoggi? >> execution, 100 percent. execution and anybody participating in the killing of any person, not only jamal khashoggi, any person should be executed. therefore, evil and then not go and kill people. >> i'm supposing it turns out it is determined by an investigation, perhaps not a

saudi one but by an international investigation or turkish that the responsibility for this assassination and brutal murder goes higher up? >> it is proven by the judges of saudi arabia, everybody equitable on the part of god and the constitution of islam . >> can you imagine a thing happening in the uae?>> in your country? >> in my country if it happened like this? i cannot answer that. because it never happened and it will not happen. >> perhaps that's why the world is so unsettled. >> they would have punishments. also execution. >> i want to probe a little deeper into what you see as the realistic alternatives

for the policy which president trump has proposed. were you in favor of the scrapping of the jcp oa, you iranian nuclear deal -mark you think it's contributed to the ability in the middle east or do you think it was a mistake? >> i think in myopinion , god gifted us a brain, we have to use it in this gift we have to weigh what is more important, the death of one person or the benefit of the americans? this is what we have to weigh in my opinion. if somebody has been excluded and murder, the people for them they are criminals. they are really criminals and then they will take definitely as the judgment is taken, all of them they will be taken.

>> shipping the conversation however to iran, you spoke about, you said real action. if not war, what do you perceive as real action that would contain alleged iranian aggression and real iranian aggression in your region? >> there were so many articles supportive among other things of training them, giving them arms. >> who should do that? >> all of us, not only america. all of us an american and elsewhere, supported to this you, the iranians. the people of iran. we have been here for such a long time, we have great relationships with them, we have good witticisms with them and what's happening to them now every day, it is a corrupted country, corrupted government, corrupted i have the law.

and nothing except doing that. >> is 100 percent. >> but you're not against the stabilizing the regime of iran? >> they have to go. if we wanted to be civilized, we are not supporting them. >> fortified border with them. >> you think the effort to contain iran as then hurt by the tension between several members of the gulf cooperation council and with respect to how to handle it ran and the boycott of qatar? as that enabled the gcc to play a meaningful role in containing iranian aggression or does that get in the way of containing iran? >> iranian aggression is contained within the section we are doing with a ran,

american sanctions. they are spreading their poison everywhere which is hezbollah, stronger than any country these days area highly trained and there are very unjust. we are protecting our border. and we're taking our country and talking about how about a minute, that is secured 100 percent. say area and what we care about everywhere. we care about everywhere. to get rid of this cancer and we have to get rid of it sooner or later. >> would not help to have qatar involve in that fight rather than isolated and boycotted? >> i don't want to talk about qatar. every day i get comments, they're talking very bad about me. >>.

>> how serious a threat you think the instability in yemen is the region and what would you like to see occur with respect to that ongoing civil conflict -mark and the internationalization of it? >> we on the arabian are always peace and in negotiation. we prepared negotiation, we want to come to the table and negotiate the problem are governments asking that and looking for that but from the other party which is iranian and and they don't otherwise i think, it's not government intrusion but a number of my country, a number of the iranian population and therefore definitely many, we want negotiation and we want to solve this problem rather

than more we are against one, we want the world to go everywhere in the world, we want negotiation, we want to solve the problem and believe me, we need to do that and we will help them. we are pouring billions and billions of dollars to let the people to survive. our saudi arabia, we are hundreds of billions we are putting there. it's a parliamentary structure and we are the people of human rights, we are the people of human rights and we take care of everybody other than eyes i was talking about, human rights abusers as well. >> another threat to peace and ability was discussed at this conference and that is the ongoing israeli palestinian israeli conflict. are you more optimistic given the change of administrations and the presidency of donald

trump, are you more or less optimistic that such a piece between palestinians and israelis as possible? >> since very long time, all other countries and especially the arabian gulf countries, they are spending billions to assist our friends. and this is not, we are trying to help as much as we can and we are doing that and are restrained in our capacity as individuals and our government . definitely we need an independent state. that is our dream and we need it, sooner or later and there are so many articles about that and there's a lot of talk in europe, i met them and we discussed that but you need the proper people to negotiate. negotiation is an art.

not put together my hands and negotiate. and i know prime minister netanyahu is a tough guy. he doesn't accept that but he must accept it and i think now soften and he will negotiate and accept the state of palestine and that's very important. as for our relationship, we don't want to create a problem. we ask about the relationship with at that time when king abdullah was crown prince . and he asked in that meeting of the era that we want to see peace. he doesn't want. we absolutely want to shake hands with him and definitely i am with the visa, i am with

the negotiation and the arab world . forget about accepting this or that, that's something they will think about and accepted the end of the day. >> finally because our time is limited, apart from doing more to contain iran which you have recommended, what other advice would you give to president trump about bringing a greater degree of peace and stability to the region? what policies would you like to see and acted under his administration? >> around to me is fragile, the most powerful is has bola. hezbollah if they don't dismantle it and they know where they are hidden, they know where they are hiding, where everybody and they know where the location of their own military, if their americans and the israelis and the european dismantle

that and destroy it, lebanese now becoming prisoners, and a prisoner in their country. how do you accept terrorists and members of government. >> in lebanon they are forming a government and three or four members of hezbollah which the terrorist live, they are misters. this is what i cannot understand and i cannot understand even our government hasn't accepted in our own country. >> to put terrorists and what they call a member of government. >> thank you very much doctor have to work, we are delighted to have heard your remarks and thank you all .

>>. >> for those of you who do not have your program with you, it is about a sketch of him in there. and i will try to paraphrase it as best i can. but kissing on the back that he was born the same month that the late president roosevelt met with the late king abdul are these in the great middle lakes of the suez canal to not begin this special relationship, please get it out of your mind that when the special relationship began.

no, the special relationship began at the end of world war i. and the early 1920s. when medical missionaries came across from bahrain. to the eastern province and all the way to the capital. to create the wounded, the sick there. so this side of americans who charged nothing for their services, help to paint the atmosphere of receptivity and make the moment more propitious when it came to which country geologists will be asked to look for hydrocarbon fuels and water. in my country. the other candidates with the british and french, both of them were colonial powers so

your united states was not thusly seen. but cementing it were these medical diplomats. and maybe it's apocryphal but it's believable, many have told me the story that king abdul aziz found it incredible unbelievable that people could do this and this is before air-conditioning now. and not long after electricity. and asked the question to all of these americans , and the answer led to some of us here for this particular relationship so the meeting in 1945 was different and in terms of the importance of it, of course there was a defense aspect to it.

and by the way, americans use the word security defense interchangeably and in arabic, they are not. security is domestic. overwhelmingly so. and defense is external. borders, air, sea, land, etc. so those americans who don't know arabic realized this when you're speaking with an era. don't use these words interchangeably when what you really mean is the fence and when we talk about regional security, this can confuse people. when really we are talking about regional defense there area before i go on to introduce prince turkey, we have the jcc secretary general here is going to

speak out afterwards. . and we also have the ambassador of kuwait, and the jordanian ambassador who graced us with their presence last night. and the senior deputy assistant secretary of state, for human affairs focusing on arabia and the gulf, mister tim lindner king. they are all down here though the autograph hunters at the next break can concentrate your self right here and get maybe three at one stop. one i left out was ambassador saha of the arab states, where are you sir?

>> thank you sir. i'm glad you're here with us as well. so a star-studded cashier. your royal highness and we will be as brief as i can. >> bob formal head of the general intelligence directorate in saudi arabia. responsible for more for external intelligence and gathering, collecting and analyzing and distributing and that was for a quarter of a century or just shy of it or a little more than a quarter of a century, and then ambassador to a quarter st. james in great britain. and from there, ambassador to the united states. and from there, to be the chairman of the king faisal foundation for islamic studies and research.

this individual has been asked by many to be back by popular demand. and we relish his insights which are privileged, your royal highness. >> thank you. >>. >> doctor anthony and members of the board and chairman of the us arab counsel on relations. i you very much for the invitation to see this thing with audience. we have a saying in arabic ladies and tell them,

>> in the age of confusion, populism and polarization, to talk about sally us relationships is a challenge. for more than 70 years, saudi arabia and the united states have engaged in a special relationship. >> ..

>> to coin a phrase. the crises of the oil embargo of 1973 and the tragic day of 9/11 changed the factors impacting the reciprocal benefits of that relationship. however, despite the intense media onslaught on the kingdom by instant experts, politicians, think tanks and pundits, the relationship recovered is even broadened. nowadays this relationship is once again threatened. the tragic and unjustified crime that took place in the saudi consulate in istanbul that took the life of jamal khashoggi, god bless his soul, is the theme of today's onslaught and demonization of saudi arabia in the same fashion as the previous

crises. the intensity and gleefulness of it is equally unfair and malicious. subjecting the future of our relationship to this issue is not healthy at all. saudi arabia is committed to bring to justice those responsible for jamal khashoggi's murder and whoever else failed in upholding the law. justice will run its course. from this podium, ladies and gentlemen, i have said many times that our relationship is too big to fail. i believe that it will survive this crisis. reasoning together and sifting facts from function is the imperative. it is not a choice.

to avoid drifting towards alienation and suspicion, we must work genuinely to preserve our mutual trust. when talking about this relationship, ladies and gentlemen, i am not only talking about the plethora of bilateral aspects, diplomacy, oil, trade, arms, investments, finance, education, training and people to people. i am also talking about the long years of our two countries working together on issues of world peace, middle east peace, security and stability of the world economy, stability of oil prices and markets, confronting forces of radicalism and terrorism regionally and internationally.

on many occasions during those long years, saudi arabia paid a high price for its image in the arab world by cooperating with american policy. we bore that cost because we believed in the value of our friendship with you. today, however, the world is changing and transforming. the pillars that held up our strategic relationship are challenged, but the importance of saudi arabia has not changed. the kingdom is the center of the islamic world towards which 1.5 billion worshipers turn to pray five times a day. regionally and internationally, the kingdom plays a strategically important role to achieve peace and prosperity by

working with the united states and other allies to end conflicts all over the middle east. the kingdom provides more than 4% per capita in aid to developing and and poor countries. only yesterday the kingdom forgave $6 billion worth in debt to those poor countries. we are an asset to our friends, not a burden. and while reforming and transforming our fight against the forces of darkness continues. we also stand up to the hegemonic ambitions of the iranian leadership which, as we are witnessing in denmark's actions, never ceases to export its terror, terrorist activities. we still value our strategic partnership with the united states and hope to sustain it.

i hope that the united states continues to reciprocate in kind. ladies and gentlemen, the word "values" has been bandied about frequently during this time by our detractors to denies -- to try to distance us from each other. one value that we hold dearly is attributed to the prof tet jesus -- prophet jesus, peace be upon him, which says that people in glass houses should not cast stones. countries that have tortured and incarcerated innocent people and that launched a war that killed

many thousands of people based on fabricated information should be humble in their regard to others. and countries that have persecuted and disappeared journalists and and other individuals should not pose as champions of free speech. another value we uphold and act upon is that the killing of an innocent person is like the killing of all of humanity. this is stated in the koran. the killing of mall khashoggi -- georgia hall khashoggi is like killing all of humanity. innocent, unarmed palestinian children are slaughtered every

day by the israeli army. ms. hasan referred to persons israelis killed many years ago without recourse to justice. and yet i do not see the same media frenzy that demand to bring the perpetrators and whoever ordered them to kill those children to justice. so where do we go from here. my hope is that we will remain friends and seek to strengthen our relationship, not break it. ladies and gentlemen, innocence is equally the quality of the 11 jewish worshipers who were massacred in their house of worship in pittsburgh. humanity has been killed many times over by their murder.

let us pause for a moment of silence in wishing all the innocent victims god's mercy. thank you, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] >> c-span's washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up saturday morning, we talk about a congressional study