the 17-day presidential visit which is now maximum 16 days and is going to go lower and lower the first lady is already down there with barron, the president is staying behind, the on difficult a president going to a golf resort even one that he owns in a shutdown would be absolute absolutely terrible. politically, very damaging and look like he was disengaged so he is staying here in washington. ... tomorrow, we continue to look to you, our help in ages past and our hope for the seasons to come. deliver us from the pitfalls of political brinkmanship.

may our lawmakers continually remember how you have led this nation in the past, finding inspiration and faith that you will also guide this land in the days to come. give our senators strength, power, and wisdom for these grand and exacting times. use them to defend our liberties and to unify our nation for the good of humanity. we pray in your mighty name. amen. the presiding officer: please join me in reciting the pledge of allegiance.

i pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states of america, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. the presiding officer: the clerk will read a communication to the senate. the clerk: washington d.c, december 22, strait. to the senate: under the provisions of rule 1, paragraph 3, of the standing rules of the senate, i hereby appoint the honorable john boozman, a senator from the state of arkansas, to perform the duties of the chair. signed: orrin g. hatch, presidet pro tempore. mr. mcconnell: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader is recognized. mr. mcconnell: i have on a red sweater this morning in the hope that christmas is not too far away from all of us, including the members of congress. with that in mind, let me give everyone an update on where we

are. yesterday the democratic leader and i reached a procedural agreement to create space for ongoing negotiations over government funding. to provide flexibility as the white house and senate democrats continue their discussions, the senate will officially proceed to the house passed -- the senate already officially proceeded to the house-passed funding legislation. so that's pending. but we did so with an understanding that no further votes will occur until the president and senate democrats have reached an agreement to resolve this. let me say that again. we pushed the pause button until the president, from whom we will need a signature, and senate democrats, from whom we will need votes, reach an agreement. no procedural votes, no test

votes. just a meaningful boat on a bipartisan -- just a meaningful vote on a bipartisan agreement whenever that is reached, and it is my hope that it's reached sooner rather than later. it is no mystery while securing our nation's borders is such a major priority for republicans here in the senate and republicans over in the house and for president trump. any look at the plain facts leads to one simple conclusion. the crisis of security at our southern border is real, is real. over the past year customs and border protections records of apprehensions and interdictions at our southern border are literally, mr. president, staggering -- staggering. 800 known gang members, a 5%

increase -- a 50% increase over last year. nearly 7,000 individuals with criminal histories, including weapons trafficking and violent offenses, more than double, more than double the level of fentanyl along with other illicit substances. so the report card is quite clear. america's borders are in crisis. these facts i've stated are not partisan facts. they aren't ideological. they're just facts, just facts. they don't describe the republican party's version of events or the president's version of events. they describe reality. so one would think that securing

our homeland, controlling our borders, and protecting the american people would be bipartisan priorities, uncontroversial, commonsense bipartisan priorities, a core duty of any nation's government. and here's the interesting thing : until very, very recently, mr. president, that seemed to be the case. back in 2006 democrats were perfectly happy to support hundreds, hundreds of miles of physical barriers along the border. 26 democrats voted for the bill including then-senator obama, then-senator clinton, and my good friend, the current democratic leader from new york. but what about more recently? earlier this very year -- this year, mr. president -- the democratic leader offered $25

billion for physical barriers in his negotiations with the president. five times -- five times -- as much as the white house is reasonably requesting right now. and that was just earlier this year. republicans in the house and in the senate believe the house's provision for $5 billion in border funding plus additional disaster funding was completely reasonable. i was glad to vote to advance that legislation yesterday. my colleagues and i are proud to stand with the american people on this subject for the safety of american families and the health and security of our communities. but this time, this time democrats have rejected that reasonable request. they've refused to meet president trump halfway and provide even one-fifth -- one-fifth -- of the resources for the border they were willing

to provide just a few months ago just a few months ago. there's no bright line of principle that separates hundreds of miles of physical barriers in 2006 from new physical barriers in 2018. there is no major philosophical shift that made $25 billion for border security worthwhile just a few months ago but makes a far more modest development of $5 billion immoral, immoral and unacceptable today. no, democrats haven't rejected the president's request and invited this partial government shutdown because of some principled objection that they just discovered in the last few weeks.

there is no principled discovery they just made in the last few weeks. they brought this about because they're under a lot of pressure -- we all know this -- from their far left and feel compelled to disagree with the president on almost anything, and certainly this. so that's where we are, but we don't need to be here for long. in order to get us out of this mess, a negotiated solution will need to check these boxes. it's really simple, mr. president. really simple. it will need the support of 60 senators which will obviously include a number of democrats. it will need to pass the house, and it will need a presidential signature. that's how we make a law in this situation. 60 votes in the senate, a

majority in the house, and president trump's signature. that's what's needed. that's what will end this regrettable episode, reopen the lapsed portions of the federal government and produce the development -- investment in border security that our nation needs. so i'm glad that productive discussions are continuing at this hour between my friend the democratic leader, the democratic leader in the house, and the white house. when those negotiations produce a solution that is acceptable to all of those parties, it will receive a vote here on the senate floor. the presiding officer: under the previous order, the leadership time is reserved. under the previous order, the

senate will resume consideration of the house message to accompany h.r. 695, which the clerk will report. the clerk: house message to accompany h.r. 695, an act to amended national child protection act of 1963, and so forth and for other purposes. mr. mcconnell: i suggest the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call:

quorum call:

quorum call:

mr. schumer: merry christmas, happy holiday to you, mr. president. the presiding officer: thank you, sir. likewise. mr. schumer: i ask unanimous consent are the quorum be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. schumer: mr. president, at midnight last night roughly 25% of the government shut down because of one person and one person alone: president trump. we arrived at this moment because president trump has been on a destructive two-week temper

tantrum demanding the american taxpayer pony up for an expensive and ineffective border wall that the president promised mexico would pay for. make no mistake, the trump shutdown is not about border security. all of the proposals we've made contain over $1 billion in new border security money, the same amount allocated last year by both parties, and even the president agreed to. and the trump administration has barely even spent aniest border security money -- any of the border security money from last year. the trump shutdown isn't over border security. it's because president trump is demanding billions of dollars for an expensive, ineffective wall that the majority of americans don't support. let me remind you, the president called for a shutdown no less than 25 times.

he's wanted one for months. in our meeting in the oval office, president trump said he would be proud to shut the government down. imagine saying he'd be proud to shut the government down. even rush limbaugh, one of the biggest supporters of the president, said it was a trump shutdown, that he caused it. he said said, quote -- this is limbaugh speaking -- the president wants you to know it's money for the wall or nothing. and if it's nothing, he shuts it down. just two days ago the senate unanimously agreed to a proposal by leader mcconnell to keep the government open through february. it wasn't exactly what democrats wanted. we thought it should be longer but we agreed because we wanted to keep the government open. and all indications were that the president would sign the bill.

but president trump, beholden to the far, far right, unwilling to shoulder even the slightest critique from rush limbaugh or laura ingraham changed his mind on the bipartisan senate bill passed unanimously by all republicans and all democrats in this chamber, and he sent his house allies off to tilt at windmills. everyone knew yesterday long before the house vote that the president's wall lacked 60 votes in the senate. it has proven to lack even 50 votes. it will never pass the senate, not today, not next week, not next year. so, mr. president, president trump, if you want to open the government, you must abandon the wall, plain and simple. the senate's not interested in swindling american taxpayer for an unnecessary and wasteful

policy. what we do support, democrats and republicans, is real effective border security, but not a wall. the wall is president trump's bone to the hard-right people. it's no way to spend $5 billion for a political bone. i've heard the president and his allies in the media say democrats don't support border security. nothing could be further from the truth. democrats have always been for smart and effective ways to secure our border. we're pushing for technology, like drones and sensors and inspection equipment. every single proposal we made to the president included $1.3 billion for border security. the trump shutdown provides zero dollars for border security. i have never supported a border wall and i challenge anyone on the hard right to find a time when i or any expert has supported a wall like what the

president has proposed. so, where do we go from here? well, three proposals are on the table, two by democrats, leader pelosi and i; one by leader mcconnell, each of which would reopen the government and provide $1.3 billion in border security. we're also open to discussing any proposals with the president as long as they don't include funding for the wall. but in order for an agreement to be reached, all four congressional leaders must sign off, and the president must endorse it and say that he will sign it. leader mcconnell must agree, speaker ryan must agree. they cannot duck responsibility. leader comainl -- leader mcconnell still controls this chamber. speaker ryan controls what reaches the floor of the house. they are essential to this

process. leader mcconnell can't duck out of it. he knows that. of course leader pelosi and i must agree. and most importantly, the president must publicly support and say he'll sign an agreement before it gets a vote in either chamber. we don't want to go through what we went through a few days ago. both leader mcconnell and i have agreed that qualification for a specific reason. repeatedly the president has privately agreed to a deal with congressional leaders only to reverse himself when criticized by the far right. we can't have another situation when the president signaled support at first but then reverses himself, which is precisely which caused this shutdown in the first place. if leader mcconnell, speaker ryan, leader pelosi, and i agree on a solution and the president says he'll sign it, we can end the trump shutdown

immediately. discussions continue among the members of our staffs. the republican leader and i will update the senate on the status of those talks once progress has been made. i yield the floor and note the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call:

quorum call:

quorum call:

mr. leahy: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from vermont. mr. leahy: mr. president, i ask that the call of the quorum be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. leag mr. president, -- mr. leahy, i realize the chair cannot respond but it's good to see my friend in the chair, not on a saturday. normally we see each other in the gym, not on the senate floor. let me think. which place would we rather be? i think i know.

in seriousness, mr. president, today nine of our 15 federal departments and several dozen agencies have shuttered their doors. by doing that, they've denied vital services to millions of american citizens. since midnight last night, just a few days before christmas, more than 800,000 dedicated public servants and their families have been told not to expect their next paycheck for the foreseeable future. and there's one reason and one reason only. that our federal government has shut down today and countless americans are living with uncertainty. that reason is president donald j. trump. the president is holding the federal government hostage for $5 billion of american taxpayer dollars for his unnecessary,

ineffective, and expensive wall on the southern border. a wall, eventually, he repeatedly promised, gave his word to the american taxpayers that mexico would pay for it. now he wants american taxpayers to dig in their pockets and pay for it. the president's irresponsible behavior is astounding. his job like ours is to keep the federal government operating for the hundreds of millions of americans who depend on government services every day, from our national parks to housing services for the elderly, the disabled, our veterans. for assistance for our nation's farmers. in fact, two days ago, the president signed the farm bill

and praised his efforts. today he's precipitated a shutdown that shuttered the doors to the u.s. department of agriculture's field offices, the same offices that farmers are going to have to go to to understand this new law. but the worst part of all that is this was completely avoidable. we provided the president with several options to avoid this result. a case where he can't take yes for an answer. we offered to pass six full-year appropriations bills in a continuing resolution -- and a continuing resolution for homeland. or a continuing resolution for all the remaining bills. either of these options would have kept the government open. they would have provided more than a billion dollars for border security, the very thing

the president says he needs and cares most about. plus the fact signing them instead of having a needless shutdown would save taxpayers millions, even billions of dollars. but after rejecting both of these offers, the senate passed by voice vote a seven-week continuing resolution. this would give us more time to negotiate and avert this catastrophe. democrats and republicans came together to pass it. the president had agreed to sign it. we finally lad a path forward -- we finally had a path forward. but then fox news and the right-wing media, rush limbaugh started criticizing.

the president's ego won out over his duties to the country. his ego is so bruised, he reversed courses. he went back on what he agreed to and here we are, exactly where the president wanted to be, in the middle of a trump shutdown. and for anyone doubting where responsibility lies, let's recall the president has publicly called for a government shutdown. how many times over the past year? no fewer than 25 times. just last week he declared he'd be proud to shut down the government unless we capitulate to his demands. proud? i've been here with every president, republican and democrat, since president gerald ford. it's one of the most reckless

statements i've ever heard uttered by a president of the united states. and now he's made good on his threat. his pride has won out and the trump shutdown has begun. how long is it going to last? who knows? yesterday the president promised us it would last a long time. then he promised it could be a short shutdown. even this is behavior that is erratic. so how did we get here? is there a legitimate crisis precipitating the shutdown? is the president playing games with the lives and livelihoods of american citizens to solve some immediate problem that threatens our nation? no, of course not. in caving to the most extreme base, president trump is throwing what many of us have described as a childish tantrum because he wants money to

fulfill a cynical promise he made repeatedly on the campaign trail. more of a symbolic prize than any sensible policy solution. this wasteful wall, a wall incidentally he promised mexico would pay for, not the american taxpayers. this wasteful wall that he now wants to bill to the american taxpayers would do more to preserve the president's ego than would to protect the american people. but i believe it's a natural result of the president's years long vilification of immigrants, years during which the president rallied his base with falsehoods, fantasies where vulnerable women and children, women and children are betrayed -- portrayed as hoards of gang

members and terrorists invading our country. the sad reality is all of us republicans and democrats know many of these people coming into our country are fleeing desperate situations in their home countries and they're looking for sanctuary. they aren't coming here to per -- perpetuate violence. they're running from it. let me be clear. there's no crisis that requires us to build a 30-foot wall between us and our neighbors to the south. the president's hateful rhetoric about a crisis on our southern border does not reflect reality. at the end of 2017, a recipe for attempting to enter dropped to lows. from 1.6 million in fiscal year

2000 to approximately 400,000 in fiscal year 2018, that's a 75% drop. not only do the facts on the ground not warrant spending billions of american taxpayer dollars on a big, beautiful wall as the president likes to call it, it's not who we are as a nation. we are a country founded by immigrants. my maternal grandparents came to vermont from italy. my paternal great-great-grandparents came to vermont from ireland or my wife's parents came to vermont from the province of quebec in canada. we even look at our immigrant --

our immigrant founding of this country. then if we want to wall ourselves off from our neighbors, it's not only an expensive waste of american taxpayers' dollars, it's immoral, it's ineffective, it's an affront that everything this country is supposed to stand for. to build a wall, the president wants to seize land from ranchers and farmers in texas and other border states, seize land from farmers and ranchers in land that's been in their family for generations. he would need to construct walls through wildlife refuges and nature preserves, basically destroying them. ironically, we would end up walling ourselves off from the rio grande in the process, essentially ceding the hoover to mexico.

and after all that, and after billions of wasted taxpayer dollars, what would it accomplish? would it stop people from fleeing violence in their home countries and seeking sanctuary? no. would it stop drug smugglers and human traffickers from engaging in illegal activity? definitely know. as so many -- definitely no. as many have said, show me a 30-foot wall, i'll show you a 31-foot ladder or a tunnel. to address these complex issues we need real slogans, not bumper stickers, not angry tweets. not everyone agrees that we need to keep our border safe and secure. it's got to be smart border security, border security that works, new technologies that has proven to work on the

border, additional personnel needed. a 30-foot wall is symbolic and unneeded. even if we needed to build it, what is the rush? over the past two years congress has provided nearly $1.7 billion to build or replace fencing on the southern border. but the administration has hardly spent any of that money, and the projects it's undertaken have been handled in such a way they've ballooned in cost. we gave them the $1. billion. demanding now more. how much of the $1.7 billion did they spend? six percent.

six percent of these funds have been spent. one part of the rio grande valley that was supposed to cost $445 million will now cost the american taxpayers nearly $787 million, a 77% cost overrun, price tagmillions each and every month. you can't really trust the administration to be responsible with the money we've already provided, let alone trust them to spend responsibly the additional money the president is demanding. let's put an end to this nonsense once and for all. we have an easy way of doing it. we can finish six of the seven appropriations bills right now or we continue to debate these other issues. these bills are the product of

bipartisan compromise where republicans and democrats came together. they provide billions of dollars in new resources to address critical needs of the american people. they protect u.s. national security. these six bills that we've already agreed upon, republicans and democrats, would provide much-needed funding to help combat our nation's opioid epidemic, critical investments in infrastructure, help us rebuild our nation's crumbling roads, bridges, and highways, provide resources to protect the environment, to help ensure the water we drink, the air we breathe is safe and clean for this generation, for our children and for the next. and they support key allies and national security programs enable the united states to be a global leader. our role is being increasingly

challenged by china and russia. so i have to ask is the president really going to hold the american people hostage over a wall that he time and time again promised mexico would pay for? is he really going to force hundreds of thousands of federal employees, including the very agency he depends upon to carry owt his immigration enforcement policy, to work without pay over the christmas holiday? is he really going to tell millions of americans, including his most ardent supporters, that he could care less whether they're cut off from critical government services? you know, the president has apparently decided that fighting a symbolic fight for a shiny object is more important than keeping our government up and running for the american people. it's the height of irresponsibility.

negotiations with chairman shelby and leader mcconnell continue in good faith. i am here this weekend to continue and have talks with members of both parties. but we all come to the same conclusion. we can agree easily, republicans and democrats, but we can only succeed if the president decides to do what we've done, and that is put the country first. the president of the united states, he owes that to the american people. he owes reality, not rhetoric. mr. president, not seeing another member seeking recognition, on a different subject, i will speak further about this, and i would ask

consent that the editorial in yesterday's "new york times" about general mattis, secretary mattis be placed in the record. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. leahy: mr. president, like so many people, republicans and democrats, i was stunned to hear that secretary mattis was going to be leaving. i understand his reason. he has said that he has always felt a duty to uphold the interest of the united states, the security of the united states, to uphold our agreements with other countries, whether -- for the

security of democracy. he felt the president disagreed with him on that. he felt otherwise, so the president should be entitled to have somebody who takes differing views. unfortunately the views of general mattis, the views were the result of decades of service to this country. as a marine in combat, a four-star general, one who had the strong, strong respect of republicans and democrats alike. certainly there is strong respect of those who served in the military and know what it means to actually stand up for this country not just in rhetoric, but by putting their lives on the line on the

battlefield. i've always admired general mattis. i applaud his service to the united states of america, and i know he is a man that could leave with his head held high. mr. president, i suggest the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call:

quorum call:

the presiding officer: the senator from arkansas. mr. boozman: i ask the quorum call be rescinded. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. boozman: i ask unanimous consent that the agriculture committee be discharged and the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of h.r. 5636. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 5636, an act to designate additions to the flat side wilderness on the wichita

national forest, and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without objection, the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. boozman: i ask unanimous consent that the bill be considered read a third time. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. boozman: i know of no further debate on the bill. the presiding officer: if there is no further debate, the question is on the passage of the bill. all those in favor say aye. all those opposed, no. the ayes appear to have it. the ayes do have it. the bill is passed. mr. boozman: i ask unanimous consent that the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. boozman: mr. president, i ask unanimous consent that the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of the h.r. 6602. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 6602, an act to reauthorize the new jersey coastal heritage trail route, and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without

objection, the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. boozman: i ask unanimous consent that the bill be considered read a third time. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. boozman: i know of no further debate on the bill. the presiding officer: if there is no further debate, the question is on the passage of the bill. all in favor say aye. all those opposed, no. the ayes appear to have it. the ayes do have it. the bill is passed. mr. boozman: i ask unanimo consent that the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. boozman: with that, i note the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call:

the presiding officer: the senator from georgia is recognized. a senator: i ask the quorum call be vish rated. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. perdue: here we are at approximately 2:30 on saturday afternoon trying to do the people's business in a situation that nobody wanted and because i believe of political self-interests, we are in a situation right now where we are in what i would call a crisis mode of operation. we need to get a deal done. but i want to address a couple of topics today that are at issue here as we debate the

funding issue which is at the crux of why we're here today and this weekend. our country was built on immigration. there is just no question about that. we are all direct derivatives in one way or the other. but i'd like to be very clear -- most of the people that are here in this country over the last two decades -- or two centuries came in legally. today we bring in 1.1 million people a year legally, mr. president. we bring about 70,000 people who have a job-related way to get into that -- our system. there are about 70,000 direct family members. that's the spouse and immediate children. there are another 300,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mr. president. there is a rational reason that we should do that, and we have been doing that. today, every day, asylum seekers

and refugees are permitted into our country. but, mr. president, there is another 800,000 that come in legally every year that the only reason they come in is because they have an indirect family link through generations to the 70,000 that come in and work. given that environment, mr. president, we also have a temporary work permit system here that again has over a million people in it every year. our country is the most welcoming fill anthropic country in the history of the world, -- philanthropic country in the history of the world, mr. president. just to think that protecting our borders as a hacial security issue is somehow hardhearted and radical. no country in the history of the world has ever demonstrated that it was a radical thought to maintain and protect the sovereignty of their own country and their own borders. indeed, mr. president, there are only six reasons why 13 colonies came together in the first place

in the late 18th century and form the united states of america. the number one reason articulated is to provide for the common defense of our country. president trump is leading right now in his first responsibility, and that is to protect every citizen of the united states of america. he's fighting for the american people. actually, that's how he got elected, mr. president. he got elected because he complained about the dysfunction in washington, about politicians, bureaucrats, and the media. mr. president, so did i in 2014, two years before president trump did. i believe that people are fed up with this dysfunction in washington. but i want to reemphasize that what is at issue here is the protection of our sovereignty as a country, not to change the immigration laws. that's not what is at debate today. i want to remind everybody that just in this body, this year, 43

of my colleagues across the aisle, 43 in an immigration bill proposed by susan collins on this side, 43 democrats voted for a $25 billion border security package, mr. president. 43. i think president trump has demonstrated tremendous negotiating willingness over and over over this past year on this issue. but let's be clear what's going on. the flow of drugs and human trafficking at our border is completely unacceptable. everybody in this body agrees with that, demonstrated by the fact that 43 democrats actually voted for a $25 billion border security package earlier this year. there is no way you can avoid admitting that. this has to stop. the undampenned flow of illegal drugs has created a crisis in

our country. the fact that we sit here and are more concerned about the political realities in washington than we are stopping human trafficking across our southern border is totally unacceptable, mr. president. an open border goes against the very ideas of why our country was founded. it totally undercuts american sovereignty. the american people know that, and they are fed up with the status quo, and i can tell you firsthand so is president donald trump. the dems are very clear. my colleagues have demonstrated they prefer open borders, illegal drug transfers, and human trafficking to a commonsense protection of our southern border. we know fences work. i have been to countries around the world where they are protecting their borders with simple fences, where they need them. we have a multiple approach to defending our southern border. we have many miles right now

that already have similar fences up that deter illegal crosses. at the same time, this president has shown over and over again that he is workable with our colleagues across the aisle to find some common solution here that we can all live with. he's ready to make a deal today. in fact, right as we speak, the vice president and the president and the chief of staff are in the white house right now, the leader of the democratic party in the senate is right now negotiating. this needs to get done, mr. president. there's no reason. i have done dozens of these in my career, and there is no reason, looking at what is important to both parties, there is no reason this can't get done. i believe the president's ready to make a deal and fully fund the federal government. the last 25%. let's remember how we got here. this body, the senate and the house this year did something it hadn't done in 22 years, and that is fund at least 75% of our

federal government on time. that was by september 30. we are here at the end of the first quarter of our next fiscal year still trying to fund the last 25% because of this controversy over the border wall. the first number was $25 billion, as i said, that was agreed to by the other side. then there was another $5 billion offered up. lastly, the president, i thought, had a deal early this week with our colleagues across the aisle for $1.6 billion. that deal was taken away. we are right now experiencing the second schumer shutdown of this year. the first was over the daca controversy. president trump took the democratic request for 600,000 work permits for an indefinite period of time and changed that and made an offer of 1.8 million daca recipients for a pathway to

citizenship. he took a chance with the ultraright in our party, the conservative part of the party, he took a chance and stood up and said this is the right thing to do if it's paired with the right deal on the other side. i believe that there's no reason why we can't get this package done right now. i think the president agrees with that. i think the democratic leader agrees with that. but prior to yesterday for a few days there was no one talking. and i give mick mulvaney and the vice president a lot of credit yesterday. i know that the vice president was in this building until about 9:30 last night negotiating this. i just believe that it's time to get this done. nancy pelosi in the house repeatedly said president trump couldn't get the votes from the house to pass a funding package that included these border security priorities. well, we now know she was wrong. the votes were there. the house has sent a bill back over here that has not only

border security but relief package, a serious relief package for hurricane victims, disaster relief victims, and the wildfire victims in california. the u.s. senate should have included president trump's priorities from the very beginning. now this body has a chance to do the right thing. it's time to get this done, mr. president. we are here. let's get a deal, bring it back in here, pass it, get it back to the house, and let's stop this thissense. let's not yield to political self-interest on either side, mr. president. i implore all of us who have influence with the people who are negotiating this to let's get beyond this. this is so close. there's no reason that we're sitting here letting america be nervous about whether we're going to get this done. this should have been done back in september, mr. president, as i said earlier. now let's focus on our national

interests, the things we're all called to do in our oath of office. protect and defend the constitution of the united states. let's fully fund this government, the last 25%, move past this, secure our border, and provide disaster relief for the people who are in a timely need right now for us to do that. mr. president, i yield the floor and i note the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call:

mr. mcconnell: mr. president. the presiding officer: majority leader. mr. mcconnell: i ask consent that further proceedings under the quorum call be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to executive session for the consideration of calendar 1204, 1206 through 1215 and 1228 through 1232, that the nominations be confirmed, the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table, with no intervening action or debate, that no further motions be in order, that any statements related to the nominations be printed in the record and the president be immediately notified of the senate's action. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the commerce committee be discharged of further consideration of and the senate proceed to the en bloc consideration of p.n. 2507, 2626, 2638, 2639, 2670,

2671, that the nominations be confirmed, the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table, with no intervening action or debate, that no further motions be in order, that any statements related to the nominations be printed in the record, the president be immediately notified of the senate's action and the senate then resume legislative session. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate be in a period of morning business with senators permitted to speak therein for up to ten minutes each. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask the chair to lay before the senate the message to accompany s. 3661. the presiding officer: the chair lays before the senate the following message from the house. the clerk: resolved that the bill from the senate, s. 3661 entitled an act to provide for a program of the department of defense to commemorate the

75th anniversary of world war ii do pass with an amendment. mr. mcconnell: i move to concur in the house amendment and ask unanimous consent that the motion be agreed to, that the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of h.r. 7319 which was received from the house. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 7319, an act to amend the federal assets, sale and transfer act of 2016, and so forth and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the bill be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of h.r. 7318 which was received from the house. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 7318, an act to

amend the federal assets sale and transfer act of 2016, and so forth and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent that the bill be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the committee on energy and natural resources be discharged from further consideration of h.r. 4689 and the senate proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 4689, an act to authorize early repayment of obligations to the bureau of reclamation, and so forth. the presiding officer: without objection the committee is discharged. the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask consent the bill be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of calendar 663, h.r. 1967.

the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: calendar number 663, h.r. 1967, an act to amend the reclamation project act of 1939, and so forth. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask consent the committee-reported amending be agreed to, that the bill as amended be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the committee on the judiciary be discharged from further consideration of h.r. 4203 and the senate proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 4203, an act to amend title 18 united states code with regard to stalking. the presiding officer: without objection the committee is discharged. the senate will proceed to the

measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent that toomey, a substitute amendment at the desk be considered and agreed to, the bill as amended be considered read a third time and and passed the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent that the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of h.r. 7279 which was received from the house. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 7279, an act to amend the federal water pollution control act, and so forth and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the bill be considered read a third time. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i know of no further debate on the bill. the presiding officer: if there is no further debate the question is on passage of the bill. all those in favor say aye. all opposed, no. the ayes appear to have it. the ayes do have it. the bill is passed. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection.

mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of s. res. 742 submitted earlier today. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: senate resolution 742, designating the first week of december 2018 in supporting the designation of each first week of december thereafter as cancer screen week, and so forth. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of s. res. 742 submitted earlier today. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: senate resolution 743

congratulating the international association of firefighters on the 100th anniversary of its founding. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the committee on the judiciary be discharged from further consideration of s. res. 285 and the senate proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: senate resolution 285 honoring the life and achievements of dr. samuel d. cook. the presiding officer: without objection the committee is discharged. the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to and the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. promise without objection. --. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the immediate consideration of

h. con. res. 149 which was received from the house and is at the desk. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: house concurrent resolution 149 directing the clerk of the house of representatives to make certain corrections in the enrollment of h.r. 4174. the presiding officer: without objection the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask the concurrent resolution be agreed to and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the committee on judiciary be discharged from further consideration of s. 573 and that the senate proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: s. 573, a bill to establish the national criminal justice commission. the presiding officer: without objection the committee is discharged. the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i further ask consent the amendment at the desk be agreed to, the bil as amended be considered read a third time and passed and the

motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the committee on foreign relations be discharged from further consideration of h.r. 4969 and the senate proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 4969, an act to improve the design and construction of diplomatic posts and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without objection, the committee is discharged and the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent that the corker substitute amendment be agreed to, the bill as amended be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the committee on foreign relations be discharged from further consideration of h.r. 672 and the senate proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h.r. 672, an act to require continued and enhanced annual reporting to congress in the annual report on

international religious freedom on anti-semitic incidents in europe, and so forth and for other purposes. the presiding officer: without objection the committee is discharged and the senate will proceed to the measure. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent the bill be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: i ask unanimous consent that the senate proceed to executive session and the commerce committee be discharged of further consideration and the senate proceed to the en bloc consideration of p.n. 2705 and 2706, that the nominations be confirmed, the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate, that no further motions be in order, that any statements related to the nominations be printed in the record, the president be immediately notified of the senate's action, and the senate then resume legislative session. the presiding officer: without objection.

mr. mcconnell: so, mr. president, here's where we are. the senate will next meet for a pro forma session on monday, that's the 24th. the next scheduled session will be on the 27th of december. as i said earlier today when we opened, i'm glad that productive discussions are continuing. when these negotiations produce a solution that is acceptable to all parties, which means 60 votes in the senate, a majority in the house, and a presidential signature, at that point we will take it up on the senate floor. senators will be notified when a vote is scheduled, and in the meantime, the discussions and

negotiations continue. so, mr. president, i ask unanimous consent that when the senate completes its business today, it adjourn to then convene for a pro forma session on monday, december 24, at 11:0. i further ask that when the senate adjourns on monday, december 24, it next convene at 4:00 p.m. thursday, december 27. and that following the prayer and pledge, the morning business be deemed expired, the journal of proceedings be approved to date, the time for the two leaders be reserved for their use later in the day, and morning business be closed. finally, following leader remarks, the senate resume consideration of the house message to accompany under the previous order. mr. mcconnell: i'm going to

repeat the final sentence before asking for consent. finally, following leader remarks, the senate resume consideration of the house message to accompany h.r. 695 under the previous order. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. mcconnell: so if there is no further business to come before the senate, i ask that it stand adjourned under the previous order. the presiding officer: the senate stands adjourned until 11:00 a.m. on monday.

if you're a democrat, line for federal workers 202 -- 748 -- 8923. i want to share with you this other headline, trump tweets, the dems invite them to the top. another headline, no deal is insight. let's go to kelly. republican line, good afternoon. the network once the say merry christmas. i want to answer a question posed by california, he posed a

question that said, it was passed by the senate and i guess he thought the congress passed as well and it was sent to -- if it would be sent to the president, he vetoed it and if it went back to congress, what happened. that's not what happened. the senate approved a spinning bill, without funding for the wall, the senate to congress, congress countered by putting in 5 billion for the wall. the senate did not accept that. >> they did not get that. the procedural vote to get it to the floor. >> let's say, if it was a bipartisan, they passed congress and sent to the president, the president vetoed it, and went back to congress. the only way they could get it passed, it would have to pass in

congress. by two thirds of the vote and in the senate by two thirds of the vote. it won't happen. >> thank you very much. want to check back in with jennifer. shuttling between the house and the senate on capitol hill. she's on the hill at this hour. things again for being with us. >> things for having me. >> following your work. where do things stand now? >> there's a lot of negotiation going on capitol hill right now. i'm currently standing outside the probation committee on the first of the capital. vice president mike pence and chief of staff, lainey, walks in. they wrapped the meeting upstairs with democratic leader, chuck schumer. a lot of moving pieces are now. they try to negotiate the spending bill but the other recent information is that

majority leader, mitch mcconnell has dabbled out. i believe he's at the 27th. even if there is some type of agreement, looks like the senate will not vote on that for a few days. >> a couple of other things to report. a tweet from covering the white house, and a conference call with reporters to check in to make clear what the president still wants, $5 billion and he believes money, must be included in any deal. the white house is appealing, the president says i want wall. >> this is a really, kidded process. this is something that's been working out for the upper operation process since february. it originally asked congress for the 1.6 billion for various. it real the request in july asking for $5 billion instead.

it's been happening, democrats and republicans in the white house about how to address border security and whether or not a physical barrier need that money. >> the reporting of paul in the washington post thing, i don't think the minute we were going to reach a deal. he was in the luncheon today. he met with the president. if no deal by sunday, the earliest of the shutdown would end, now we know with the senate not coming back until the afternoon of december 27, the earliest it would be december 27 or 28th. correct? >> correct. >> gets, give us a sense of how it's been on capitol hill. >> from the perspective of a reporter, it's chaotic. i have been running around between the first floor in the second four. running literally. we've been tracking the movements of pence and chief of

staff, mulvaney. it's a lot of moving pieces to figure out. i think i was a little bit surprised that he made the announcement. they are going to for several days. they did have senators fly back into the procedural vote. now they are flying back to the districts. a lot of uncertainty. >> we know from them, the meeting on december 27 could also be a session, unless they have something concrete to vote on. my question for you is, how do both sides come together? clearly, there needs to be a compromise. democrat says it will not provide money for the wall, the president is saying he wants the money for the wall. how they reach him an appointment? >> this is the thing that is really telling challenging right now.

i don't see a clear path at this point in time. trying to reach agreement enough that we are in a partial government shutdown, it seems like both sides are digging in a little bit. this seems like it could be something that could go on very long. potentially until january 3 when the democrats take over the house of representatives which could be a really interesting thing to watch. from a policy perspective, nancy pelosi would essentially come in, put in her vote and pass some of it which puts the ball in mcconnell's court. that puts them in a tough spot. whether he changes the bill, whether or not he challenges that shut down. >> we know that the senate is going to be out, or of a skinhead him for the holidays. the wash the president remains here. we suspect he will stay here

during much of the shutdown. we did here earlier, the first lady already in west palm beach, florida. following the senate today, where they stand in the house? >> i would expect the house came in around noon and i would expect that following what just happened on the senate floor, a couple of pro forma sessions and maybe bringing the back in town for the 27th. or let them stay in their districts for the holidays. i was speaking with the house rules committee chairman earlier today, he was his suitcase on the way to the airport. the possibility that if a deal was made, unanimous consent would is that, it would not require them all to come back for a roll call vote.

>> your primary response billy covering the reverberations, just remind the audience what this debate is all about. what congress needs to pass in order to reopen federal government. >> every year we have 12 funding bills that cover that portion of the federal government. the 2019, it is roughly $1.24 trillion. of those 12 bills, five for past on time, that includes the the pardon of defense, legislative branch, education, the military construction funding as well as the va. the personal shutdown that we are in now, the remaining seven bills. it's about 300 or so billion dollars. the agencies with a partial government shutdown include agriculture, the treasury department, the state department and a handful of others

including agencies and one of the agencies is nasa. >> ever, you've been doing double duty, checking in with us, we appreciate it. we will follow you online. thank you for being with us. have a merry christmas. >> of course. thank you for having me. >> here's where it stands in the senate. they will be back for a session, a brief session on monday. christmas eve. 11:00 a.m. eastern time. after christmas on number 27, for a session that will begin at 4:00 p.m. including those our quest, enough time to give back, there is going to be an agreement, this is from who we've been tracking. it is now indicating that the summer 27th could be a pro forma session without business if there is nothing legislatively to tackle on the shutdown. this is from scott long, on the

senate for, he sounds sick and tired. just like everyone else in washington. we want to go to your phone calls and then we will resume our coverage in a moment. first, michael from new jersey. good afternoon, welcome to the conversation. >> thank you for having me. it's an honor to be here. i'm speaking and strong support the border wall. we need it. this is the time to do it. before the democrats take over. dinner he. january 3. i'm sorry? >> for the new congress -- >> yes. the third of january. we definitely need a wall. it's only a very small peanut of what the government actually spends. year. i heard speaking before, it's complete bs because the wall is

not effective, it really is. the democrats in the morning minority right now. they're not getting things done. thank you very much. >> the shutdown is going long. he writes, the senate is not going to until december 27. >> my question, i have a question and an observation. in the democratic supporter. ...

john is joining us from virginia. good afternoon. >> good afternoon. how. >> host: i'm very good. >> caller: i'm sir voyeur to hear about the government shutdown and the departments of the federal government. frankly, it's -- every time the government shuts down i believe it's a failure of the government that is supposed to serve us, and in that regard, i have never in my life believed that we would ever have archie bunker as president, which seems be what trump seems to be doing these days. and the negotiation part prior

of the shutdown was for 1.3 billion dr. protection other than that wall ask it's quite evident the wall is not really serve as -- it's already been proved the wall of china didn't work. i mean, why are we continuing to work with a fear factor for people that call in who believe a wall will work. trump basically has said there's no negotiation. that's why we are here. i think he's trying to serve to his dwindling right wing side, but i never in my life believed that the government would say or at least the president would say, my way or the highway. and not try to work things out so the government can function. >> host: john, thank you for he call. the president with another tweet. he has been busy all morning and

afternoon. i won an election said to be one of the greatest or all-time based of getting out of endless and costly foreign wars and based on strong borders. we fight for the borders of other countries but won't fight for the borders of our own. just a moment ago from the president who is here in washington at the white house, luncheon with republican leaders and i'll share with you who was in attendance in the luncheon. first back to your calls. dan in cold spring, minnesota, republican line. >> caller: yes, thank you for putting me on. the shutdown is for pelosi and for schumer and the democrats that don't want to good along with the $5 billion funding. in fact, the total bill for the wall they say is going to be $28 billion, and that is really chump change nowdays, and it's not the reason that the desk won't sign the bill. they want that -- don't want a

wall built because they get new voters coming in and they vote. so, president trump is also getting some hassle about the mexicans going to pay for the wall. that's not any worse than obama saying you can keep your doctor. both were very dumb statements. >> host: dan, thank you for the call. the lunch that took place at the white house, initially the president tweeted he would have a luncheon to deal with the budget issue, the spending issue but the runon did not include the senate democratic liter chum chicagoer or the desk house leader, nancy pelosi. you heard from mitch mcconnell, he great needed to be between the house and the senate. democrats and republicans and the president. so the luncheon that took place in the residence including the following, the president, the vice president, the acting chief of staff, mick mull vapey, the assistant to president, his son-in-law, jarred kushner, knight, the assistant to

president, senator mike lee, republican of utah, senator lindsey graham of south carolina, the chair of the senate preparations committee, richard shelby of alabama and on the house side, all were republicans, mark meadows the chair of the house freedom caucus, congressman jim jordan of ohio, member of the caucus, matt gates from florida and congressman andy bigs. tawnya is next from georgia. good afternoon. >> caller: yes. instead of president trump concentrate ol' the wall he want the united states to pay for, it's not fair to the united states to pay for the wall because united states are already in debt, and it's not fair to -- because the government done because you get to pay for the government, like the post office, and so on. it's christmastime and new years

time, so people are gathering together, trying to give gifts to family members. it's just not fair to the united states. >> host: tanya, thank you for the call. a recap, the house is in recess subject to the cal of the chair, unlikely we would see anything from the house today. the senate is back for a proform ya session and the government shutdown will coin past christmas. you can follow or coverage online on c-span.org. book of coins here on c-span up next. >> throughout the year book tv attends author event. at the national press club's annual book fair in washington woe spoke to ira shapiro.

>> host: give us a sense of your career. >> guest: my clear is for want of a better word, long. it goes back actually my love of the senate guess back 50 years to when i was come out of college, during the last cries in our country, vietnam. and the senate was a beacon of hope for a lot of us and it drew me into public service. so i worked in the senate for 12 years after law school. i got an internship first and then came back. and then went into government and the clinton administration, and i've been in private sector since then, but always interested in the senate, and saddened by its long decline, which prompted my first book, six years ago "the last great senate" and now this win "the least great senate, broken." >> host: what's broken in your

view? >> guest: i think generally everyone pretty much agrees that the senate is just terribly divided and bit are partisanship, and the problem is that the partisanship that -- is dividing the senate -- the senate was the place where people came together, where the parties came together to work things out. it was hamilton's room where it happened. when it doesn't happen in the senate, the whole system seizes up, and that's what has happened. hyperpartisanship and now abuse of the process and abuse of the institution. i don't usually go more than a minute without saying the name of mitch mcconnell, who i regard as the most damaging senate leader of all-time. and the most powerful. >> host: why do you call him the most damaging.

>> guest: traditionally senate leaders felt it incumbent to working to, across party lines. senators on both sides, they made it work. senators -- senate leaders felt the need to work with presidents, whichever the party was. mcconnell doesn't operate that way. so he's the leader of the republicans and not the leader of the senate. so he can be on obstructionist when obama is president, and then steamroller when trump is president. he's been very successful but that's contrary to the way the senate ever worked. >> host: how do you think harry reid did? always the question that is asked. whenever i say anything about mcconnell, somebody says, what about harry reid? i don't think he was a successful leader. and i think he was too much of a partisan also. and the two of theming to were a terrible team. but mcconnell has been the dominant force, both during the obama years, when all he had to

do was obstruct, and now during the trump years. >> host: ira shapiro, given your sense of history of the senate, what but the so-called nuclear option and a potential end of the filibuster? >> guest: i think that the nuclear option, which so far has been applied only to the courts, has been quite disastrous already and the loss of the filibuster would change the senate fundmentally in legislative matters, but if you think about it, one of the concern is have is that they've already changed the senate quite a bit so they were able to try to destroy the healthcare system, repealing the affordable care act, with only 50 votes bus the vice president. so there are various ways to abuse the institution. what we need is leaders on both

sides who are committed to having the senate play the special role it's supposed to play in our country. mondale called it, when he was vice president and senator, he called it the nation's mediator. if the problems don't get work out in the senate, they don't get work out. >> host: let's go back. i know tom daschle is a friend of yours, tom dashle and trent lott, did they work together? >> guest: they did. they were the last pair of senate leaders who worked the way they were supposed to. very different philosophies, one a democrat, one a republican, far apart, but they recognized thed in to work together to make the senate work, for the senate and for the country so i have a section in my book about the clinton impeachment trial, which shows lott and daschle working together to steer the trial in a way that works for the country.

>> host: let's go back just a little built more in history, two more. bob dole and lyndon johnson. >> guest: i think bob dole was a terrific senate leader in the '80s. i think he was excessively partisan in the '70s, and he slipped back a little bit in the '90s when he was starting to run for president and he was facing the rebellion in the republican circles that we usually identify with newt gingrich. so, i have a high regard for dole. a great patriot and a great leader in the '80s. i lyndon johnson -- will always be remembered from careow's great book that's master of the senate. i think he had much less lasting effect on the senate think mine mansfield who cake after him. johnson passed through the senate. mansfield was there 16 years as leader.

he created -- he set the tone for the senate that was bipartisan and based on trust and respect. and the reason i know man's feel was the greatest leader is because mitch mcconnell has said so. he says man's field is the leader he most admired, except he is basely she app man'sfield. >> host: the book is called broken, can the senate save its and the country, the author is ira shapiro, this is book tv on c-span2. >> keep an eye out for more interviewed from the back fair. >> c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service by america's

cable television companies and today, we continue to bring you unfiltered coverage of congress. the white house, the supreme court, and public policy events in washington, dc and around the country. >> up next on book tv's "after words," citizen united president, david bossy, and former trump campaign manager, corey lewandoski argue that washington bureaucrats are seeking to unmine the presidency of donald trump. the or two interviewed by investigative journalist sheryl attkisson. "after words" a weekly interview program with relevant guest hosts interviewing authors but thunder latest work. thank you for join us. i thought we would begin with the short version of how you know donald trump?