anyway so we can honor that i think is really, really very important. >> you can watch this and any of our programs in their entirety at booktv.org. type the author's name in the search bar at the top of the page. >> good evening ladies and gentlemen, welcome to national churchill library and center and center. name is michael bishop and the director of the library and executive director of the international church and society. society. the society which founded 50 years ago and dedicated to preserving and promoting the historical legacy of winston churchill through publications and events such as upcoming

35th international churchill conference this weekend in colonial williamsburg. to learn more about churchill and the society please visit us online at winston churchill.org. the national churchill library and center and said is the result of a partnership between the university and the society and over the last two years we have welcomed many students and visitors and shared primary documents, books and exhibits about winston churchill, including a painting by churchill which you can see over there. for our churchill conversation this series we welcome to the labour leader such as ambassador ron dermer, david rubenstein, general david petraeus, former pakistani president musharraf, actor gary oldman, distinguishes touring to including niall ferguson, and many more to discuss not only the particulars of churchill's life and career but their application to our present-day challenges. for as churchill himself

observed the longer you can look back, the farther you can look forward. but now let us turn to the main event. tonight we will learn about a figure utterly devoted to history who in his 30s wrote an admiring biography of the conservative victorian statesman and was chronicled the history of wars around the world. amid a colossal output of nonfiction, in his youth he wrote a single novel featuring a protagonist modeled closely at themselves and engage in the struggle against tyranny. a passionate limits us, his articles one host of political and historical subjects appeared in newspapers and magazines in britain and round the world. a fervent admirer of napoleon, a devout drinker of champagne, a a covenant of prime ministers individuated ten downing street and in our guest at the white house he is truly made his mark on history. one of the reasons, for many reasons, that andrew roberts may

be the perfect biographer of winston churchill is of the above description applies equally to them both. [laughing] >> i i spoke of that coming out actually. >> you should read the novel. >> please. >> that's what churchill said about his. in his memoirs of the second world war, churchill reflected on the moment when ultimate power came to him in may 1940. i was conscious of a profound sense of relief. last i had the authority to give directions over the whole scene. i felt as if i were walking with the destiny and that all my past life had been but a preparation for this hour and for this trial. after decades of research, ceaseless travel in the great man's footsteps and use of new sources, andrew roberts is crafted a brilliant exploration of churchill's walk with destiny. but is not the new sources the most distinguished this work. rather, it is the calm and

reasoned judgment that andrew applies to the countless dramas, triumphs, failures and controversies that marked churchill's nine decade life and six decade parliamentary career. since its publication last month in britain, "churchill: walking with destiny" has been declared the best single volume life of churchill ever written i both the sunday times and the sunday telegraph. and in the new issue of finest hour, the international churchill society publication, reviewer john campbell hailed it as a heroic biography. andrew roberts is a phd from cambridge university, a visiting professor at the department of king's college london, the lehrman institute lecture at the new york historical society and the author of 13 books, including eminent churchillian, the storm of war, masters and commanders come and napoleon. he is a trustee of the margaret thatcher archive trust, the

national portrait gallery, and, of course, most of important te international churchill society. ladies and gentlemen, it is my great pleasure to introduce andrew roberts. [applause] >> to be possible to have a copy of the book here? always displayed in. also, there something i'm a true attention to. >> i make it, introduction that you had used a great many new sources and some ask how could there possibly be new sources after more than 1000 biography of churchill? but you found them. could you tell us about the? >> there had been 1009 autocracies of churchill. [laughing] so what on earth could i include another on the public? over the last decade, and

extraordinary cornucopia of new sources have opened up. the queen of not need to be the first churchill biographer to use her fathers diaries. king george the sixth gave an interview to an audience to winston churchill every tuesday lunchtime during the civil war and then wonderfully winston looked at everything churchill said. and so we have huge amounts of information about his hopes and fears and gags every tuesday of the war. we also have 41 -- the relationship between the king and church was a passing one. it need not have been both successful at the beginning. it could have gone wrong. churchill of course had supported the kings of the brother during a crisis, and the king had also very much in favor of peace but to stop churchill from becoming prime minister. it was, could've gone wrong that relationship come at that went right.

very quickly picking was referring to churchill by his christian name, the first time you'd ever, the only one of the prime minister's who recall bias christian name, and they became firm friends. he uses the word friendship in the diaries. you also 41 sets the papers that a been deposited in churchill college, archives in cambridge since the big, last big biography of income including mary stones 1940 diary. you have the diaries of the soviet ambassador 1932-43 who churchill saw a lot of them special during the nazi soviet pact. you have the accounts of the war cabinet. though seven discovered in the last ten years. and also there's another fascinating new -- i'm trying to work out the best way of putting this.

love letters. pamela, a very conscious we are on tv, led an active romantic life during the second world war. [laughing] and so we have these love letters. she actually, i was given an exclusive access to them. she had love affairs with people all around churchill the new churchill and book backwards and forwards to churchill so we have these letters from people like john whitney, admiral, the great broadcaster. of course she's made all the way through this time to winston churchill's son randolph, had a baby by him. but i'll see get love letters from bill paley and from of course admiral harriman himself.

general kenneth anderson and some of which is know as jerry. [laughing] you put all these together and there is something new, something that will not have appeared, all of these new sources on every page of my boo book. >> eu's these sources in your many, many years of experience researching churchill to take readers along with churchill on his walk with destiny, but the sense of destiny was present in him from a very early age. and you tell us about that? >> it's absolutely essential for understanding him. from the age of 16, winston churchill, he was almost totally self educated because he had to be because he went to harrow. [laughing] he at the age of 16 told friends there would be great struggles, huge upheavals in the world and

that he would be called upon to save london and save the country and say the empire. he said this at 16, and he believed it. the acted out his life very much under that sense of self belief, the sense of destiny. and then as he went to life and especially as he survived incredibly large number of brushes with death, with close brushes with death, i can go through them but there were an enormous number picky believed as a result in the almighty what he called invisible wings that were flapping over him and protecting him. when you look into the role of the almighty in his theology, seems to mainly been designed just simply to take care winston churchill. [laughing] >> one of the most extraordinary things about churchill becoming prime minister in may 1940 was

that he survived long enough to reach that office. you mentioned just a minute ago his various scrapes and near misses. can you tell us more about that? >> let's go through them. i will try to keep them roughly chronological. he was born two months premature. premature. he was stabbed in the stomach by a penknife when he was at that school age of ten. age 11 had very serious pneumonia, probably the closest ever came to death, and his doctors administered brandy to both orally and rectally. he might've thought that put yoy from brandy follette, ladies and gentlemen, but in this case it certainly didn't. he survived a near drowning in lake geneva, a house fire. of course he fought in five floors on four continents, and in the first world war he went into the trenches come into no man's land, sorry, 30 times which he did need to do as a

italian commander then commanding the six the taliban, but he did. the german trenches he could hear the germans speaking. he survived two plane crashes, three car crashes. and this here, reason i brought this here, it's a show you this livid scar down the center of the store which can result of his car crash in fifth avenue in new york in december 1931. it didn't stop with the war either. when the war started he continued to take extraordinary risks again and again, especially during the blitz. he also had a a minor heart atk when he is lifting a window at the white house in 1941. also he got a series of pneumonia later on in his life. in carthage in may of 933 had a very serious about.

his doctor asked him to provide some blood, and churchill said i can give you some from my finger or from my ear, and also have almost an expensive -- [inaudible] [laughing] >> when we think of the churchill we think about this fierce bulldog image on the cover, but one of the things you discovered in your research is that churchill was remarkably -- even when he held the highest office. >> he was a profoundly passionate and emotional man. much more than i was expecting. he burst in picky time to the second world war. he burst into tears. if theresa may suddenly burst into tears, which i think has every right to peer i would put this down to the fact he was not a buttoned up torey stiff upper

lip aristocrat of the late victorian age into which he was born. much more than he was a throwback to an earlier era, an error he loved, of the regency aristocracy. people who were there heart under sleep very much, for a much more than the victorians did. >> as long as we're on the subject of churchill's emotions i think we should deal with as you do in your book this perception on the part of many that churchill was depressive or manic-depressive something along those lines. >> i don't believe that's the case at all. certainly not by -- he got depressed, undoubtedly he got depressed through the time of the first world war which led to the killing or wounding of 160,000 allied troops which she had supported right from the beginning all the way through to the end. he got depressed at the time of

the fall of singapore in february 1942. but these are times when anyone would've got depressed. the question is a debilitating elms and can attack the meantime. and he was able to cheer over a thousand meetings of the cabinet war, defense committee anytime day and night until 3 a.m. in the morning sometimes. that's not the most oppressive. neither was he an alcoholic. again, he did drink an enormous amount. cp scott said winston churchill could be and are called because the alcoholic could have drunk that much. [laughing] and when you look the amount that he drunk come here to remember that he was, he had oxygen like constitution of the 2001 of said four days of the psycho ward what there's only

one day that people abandon said that he was drunk. on that occasion the ignored everything that it be decided that night and had precisely the same meeting the next morning when he sobered up, and so no decisions were taken on the back of his drinking. i am very much came to the conclusion by the end of researching this book that he, in his words, of course were correct when he said that alcohol, that he taken more of a call that alcohol had taken out of him. >> you very firmly established in this book and in your comments the church was neither a depressive know a drunk. when you look at his parents and have treated him, , you might nt blame him for either of those afflictions. can you tell us about his parents, especially his file this treatment it? >> yes. his father, lord randolph churchill was a brilliant material disdainful aloof figure who would been chancellor of exchequer and one of the great

orators in english politics. and he never spotted any part of brilliance in his own son. instead, he lambasted him. some of the most moving letters are the letters in this book are the letters from churchill begging for love and affection from his parents. his mother was born in brooklyn, of course, and yet she seems to take on the english victorian attitude towards children. when winston was ten years old she wrote everything she did in her diary in 1884, and she only saw her son six and a half hours out of six months. churchill said that he felt that she was, he felt she was like

the evening star in that she shone brilliantly but at a distance. and that obviously had a deep and psychological effect on it. she should have interest in him until he became a signatory on the trust fund, which point suddenly she actually started to be extremely helpful and nice to him. with regard to the father, after the fathers death in 1894 at the age of 45 went churchill was 20, churchill proved his love, almost obsession with his father. he wrote his fathers biography. he adopted his fathers political stance of benjamin disraeli torey demography. he adopted his fathers speaking stuck in putting his hands on his hip. he called his son randolph. then when he finally make money, basically winston george was in the red until the early '70s,

when finally he had some cash to spend because he had written his war memoirs come he did a very regency thing which was to spend it on the first of 37 resources. he put the jockeys of the resources into his fathers racing. >> churchill fought and wrote his way all over the world. time again he displayed a kind of extraordinary, even reckless courage that many of his contemporaries were just amazed at. he said later that courage is a first of human qualities because it's the quality that guarantees all the others. you of course tell us a great deal about his courage in your book. could you discuss that and how that was important to his career and his ultimate success? >> yes. the physical courage was manifested very early on. he charged the course with the 21st at the battle and where

his units lost 25% 25% casualt. the following year history was ambushed and have lost 34% of casualties. a couple of couple of months after the eastgate from the prisoner of war camp and made his way across 300 miles of enemy territory to escape. he was a man compounded of courage and you saw this. this was very much a perforation for the trial, because usada get in the in the second world war when as a prime minister he traveled 110,000 miles outside of the uk in those five years being wartime prime minister. he went in planes, across atlanta, one of which got struck by lightning in the instrumentation filter to when across the atlantic of course with u-boats in the area where they had to move, constantly changing direction to avoid

u-boats. he flew in and pressurized cabins in his late '60s and early '70s in areas that were being patrolled. several planes had been in that got shot down the next to her ones that were coming to them were shot down. it was a tremendous thing. he needed to do because he was the glue that kept the big three together. stalin used to fly and only left russia once during the second world war. of course fdr was profoundly disabled, and although we did go to several of the conferences, it really took churchill to go all the way to moscow twice and so on in order to be the clue that kept the big three together. >> as his walk with the destiny entered the 1930s, he became the first, one of the first at least high level prominent political leaders in britain to

spot the danger of hitler. why him? what about his background and experience helped him perceive what so many others could not? >> i think there were three things. unlike many of his background and class and age, he liked jews. it grown up with the jews. he gone on holidays with the jews. his father like jews. he thought jews gave ethics to world civilization. he felt comfortable around jews. he had an early warning system for hitler and the nazis and what they were genuinely like in a way a lot of other british people who are anti-semitic just simply didn't have. the next thing was that he was a historian and so was able to place, and a historian of his own great ancestor john churchill, and he wrote a full volume lockerbie of his great ancestor, and who had of course prevented the hedge imagination,

so he was able to place hitler in the long continuum of people who knew to be stopped from the continent, , starting with philp the second spain going onto louis xiv, then to napoleon and then to the kaiser picks was able to see hitler and historic perspective. the last recent was that he'd come up close to fanaticism in the way that very few other prime ministers of the 1930s ever had. he had seen it in the northwest front. acute seen in the sedan picket seen it and this case the atlantic fundamentalist fanaticism. he spotted it again, he spotted the same traits in the nazis and hitler. this was something that was simply not safe to people like neville chamberlain or ramsay macdonald none of whom had seen

anything like that kind of fanaticism in their life. >> wants his walk with destiny concluded and he became prime minister in may 1940, one of his most potent weapons was of course his rhetoric and his famous speech is especially in the early part of his premiership which many of us know, some of us know by heart. tell us about where this rhetorical power came from and the influences that went into it, including perhaps william shakespeare. >> yes. i do recommend the shakespeare expedition, churchill shakespeare. glad we got that right. at the full library at the moment which concentrates on the extent to which we shakespeare and churchill's love the shakespeare from a very early age and his learning of great reams of shakespeare affected churchill's oracle technique. even at the age of 23 churchill

had written an article called the scaffolding of rhetoric which explains the five things you need to do in order to capture an audience in a public speech. at that point it was entirely the rebuke us at the point he had never given speech himself. [laughing] and so he took it from the theory into the practice. he then traveled tens of thousands of miles up and down the country to give speeches all over the country as a young budding politician. he was able, therefore, to put his theories into practice in a completely brilliant way. he had a problem in that it wasn't a natural speaker. he had to work incredibly hard at it. he knew how important was as we did put in the hours necessary. in 1940, one of his private sectors as what the secret to his great wartime speeches were and he said he needed to keep

words short, needed to work out yourself what you wanted to say, and keep total clarity as the message and you need to keep sentences short and if possible use words from old english, which would naturally sort of appeal to the people listening to it in the english language. when you look at the 141 word relation of his we should fight on the beach speech which talks about fight with great confidence in the air and we shall never surrender. of those 141 words, all but two of them come from the old english. over those two, confidence, the word confidence comes from latin and the word surrender comes from the french. [laughing]

>> indeed. [laughing] churchill's rhetoric was of course a formidable weapon but he will also a world leader who commanded what became ultimately a fast war effort. one of the things that marks it out from the beginning was his determination to coordinate the. can you talk about the lessons that he derived from his earlier experiences in a first world war and in other conflicts that he brought to ten downing street as prime minister in may 1940? >> yesterday i. i mentioned about the horror of the campaign were one and 60,000 allies cashless were suffered. and he insured that he was never again going to be in a position where that was going to happen because he was never in the second world war to overrule the chiefs of staff and we had overruled in the great war. so he never once did in the

whole of the war. he was a politician. he learned the lessons, learned from his mistakes. and also of course he knew that he had made endless errors all the way through his life. he had got so many things wrong. he got women's suffrage wrong. he got the gold standard run. he got the abdication crisis wrong. he got primarily of course many others. he was the genius but he was a flawed genius and he knew that come and he also knew that he had to learn from his mistakes. in fact, he told his wife i should've made nothing if i've not made mistakes. >> tell us come since you mentioned his wife, tell us about her and how important she was to him. they were married for a very long time. >> essential cover essential to success after she gave him them some of the best advice that he had to his group if you don't not to come out of the trenches

to early in the first world war which was a very difficult piece of advice to tell them because of course he was taking these risks and went off into the trench. she knew that and yet she also knew that he would never be happy in life if the spoiled the reputation that he had by returning to early. in june 1914 she writes in a marvelous letter telling him not to be so peacefully to the staff, and be nicer to the stenographers and the secretaries because he was just being too bullying and rude, difficult. that seems to have worked at least for the moment. he always thought of her as his rock into the honor in normalcy. the wonderful thing about that is she was a battle ax basically and she could be so rude to his political enemies.

you certainly didn't want to get on the wrong side of clementine churchill when she was in full swing. there's a marvelous letter she writes to the prime minister in 1915 in which she told him that he needs to reemploy churchill and not let him leave the admiralty. ..

>> they wanted to make sure they stuck to the treaty. stuck to the treaty. it. we would have gone to war are with turkey which no one wanted to do. others such as andrew really brought down the government in order to prevent this from happening. we will be a continuing empiral power. or were we going to stand back and effectively accept that we would be a declining power. the meeting on the 19th of

october made it clear it would be the later. >> juniogentleman in the bow ti. >> hi, thank you for coming, we thank you for coming. in christopher andrews book defend the realm is the history of m.l. five. churchill, the impression i had was that churchill was fighting a war in the runup to him becoming prime minister. he was concerned with the rise of fascism. he was also concerned about the rise of communism at the same time. in some policy circles it was an either or. i just wondered if your book speaks to him trying to address that and get people to take it seriously.

>> absolutely, chapter after chapter does. he was an convinced anticommunist. by the late 1930s. certainly by 12939 he believed it was essential to get the solvsovietunion. they quick likely feared the despise the russians as much as the germans. it was a really complicated strategic decision churchill took to embrace the soviet union which may had been denouncing. he did it partly with the help of ivan, the ambassador. we have new information about the extend of which he was doing

this. there is a chance, you mention the christer andrews book which is the substantial book that he was being bugged. because they needed to know what was being said between him. it's a pretty gray area, of course like everything else in the intelligence world. nothing came of it of course because the nazi soviet pact. >> yes, ma'am. >> with this much material to chose from how did you decide whatnot to include and is there anything you didn't include that you can share tonight. >> the lady standing in the back in the blue is my editor she

knows what we did or didn't include. it could have been ten times bigger. [laughter] >> she said we stretched the off-limits of the binding. you have to do that because there is so much to say about churchill. the real problem i found in writing the book was what to cut out. it was condensation the whole time one had to condense. you have gone off to an archive and found a beautiful nugget you are proud of and you just don't have space for it. it's a horrible feeling. you just have to do it because otherwise you are forced into two volumes which doesn't sound like farewell or you have

something that if you drop it on your toe it would break your leg. i think with this one, although there are 150 pages of notes and index. the actual bit that's the meaty part is under 1,000 pages. it's 18 pages under 1,000 pages. [laughter] >> thanks. >> could you talk about the modern case against churchill and how you consider it a feather under the scale of history. >> yes, this is very important. especially since the internet the attacks on churchill have become ever more abundant and weird. i was told the other day about

your astronaut scott kelly. the u.n. ambassador to space. only the u.n. would send an ambassador to space. this man said he quoted churchill saying invictory magnanimity. he got a huge number of twitter trolls saying churchill was a racist and colonialist. it was very clear. he was talking about tear gas. he made their clear in the letter. again and again you just need to

go back to the original sources or what mr. kelly should have done was educate himself about churchill. he's very sorry that he should have said anything in favor of this evil racist warmonger. he got all of the protestor people tweeting him. i really think the space that mr. kelly should have concentrated on is the one between his ears. [laughter] >> more and more it was the shameful way that roosevelt tweeted with churchill is my personal opinion. i guess do you have any sense of how he personally felt about the way he was treated?

>> yes, i think it's too hush, very much too hush to say i think fdr put american best interest in american presidents. because they didn't go to war against russia he would have done in opposed to the agreement fdr can be a key to that. he did pivot to make sure there was a long term arrangement with the russians which of course came to the area. what happened was all the way through the integrity of poland and he had an million mush seann loops. it seems very difficult to workout how anything could have been done about that.

it was a, it was a terrible moment when by march of 1946 when the iron curtain speech churchill was the first person, just as pave as anything he said came out and this said s soviet would be an understatement. fdr was dead. you are right in saying, i think you are right in saying from the autumn of 1944 onward the close friendly relaxed working relationship had broken down. there are over 300 more letters, i believe it's 342 more letters from churchill to franklin roosevelt then there are replies. maybe that's what you are referring to. >> yes, ma'am.

just wait for one second. we'll bring the microphone to you. >> could you explain churchills relationship with our presidents post world war ii. i was under the impression they shared our national intelligence information with him because he returned back as prime minister. i'm pretty sure truman an and eisenhower sent him our informs. i wanted to point out in the war museum we had one book on general mcgum reand comparing him. can you expand upon his relationship with general montgomery. >> the war museum has undertaken

this disbursement of books. they sold their library, base basically. this is one of the great tragedies. if you would have asked that question 5 years ago there would be been 300 books. his relationship was subject to investigation. in made him a field marshall very early on in 1944 to the furry of captain and m.l. bradley and various other people who wanted to be star generals. he thought he got too big for his boots which he definitely had. he then friended him in the post

war period. i think monti had lunch there 78 times in the course of the post war. then he fell out with monty again. as he said, they were like two birds pecking each other. there was a great deal of them respectful admiration. >> of course, but he actually wanted stevenson to win the 1952 election. he was, he was nerve wracking because he thought that eisenhower wasn't going to pursue the policy of nuclear apiecement.

apiece -- apiecement. at that point the great anticommunist and anti-soviet winston churchill went pro again because he saw british interest weren't severed by having a heavily nuclearized soviet union. >> yes, sir. >> we have a microphone up here. >> thank you for coming here. it's been a real treatment having read your book many years ago and i can't wait to read your book on churchill. you probably get this question a lot since the darkest hour came

out and the movie and now being an expect on both the leading characters in that. what is your take on the movie? do you think the artisti artist. >> thank you for reading my first book. i feel as though i was walking with destiny and all of my past life has been a preparation for this hour. i loved the film and i thought it was great. i loved the glint in the eye and i thought he got him brilliantly.

the problem i had was detracted from the true leadership. this was the issue of making the issue for hitler. he didn't go in the subway and ask the focus group of people in his -- what he wanted to do or should do. neither was he visited by the king in his bedroom by midnight. that didn't happen either. as a result you have a good traction from the extra ordinary leadership he did show. he decided he would out maneuverer him and went to the wider cabinet. he put forward -- it's only chapter 2 21 of my book. it was a campaign to ensure. especially when we got 250,000 troops back on the 28th of

may. the peace negotiations wouldn't go anywhere. if he would have been prime minister and supported halifax we could have gone down an very dangerous path if we would have made peace. he would have been instead of using 50 to% on the attack on russia on the 22 of june 1941. he would have used it all. when you think in the north he got to subject him to a grueling house. in the center he got to the sub subway station of moscow what would he have been able to do? it's terrifying to consider. especial without america in the war at the time. >> right back there.

yes. >> i was wondering if you could talk about churchill role on his attack on the french. >> very good question. yes, it was something that almost broke his heart. he was a france lover to the end. he always had and would. when it was clear that nothing was terribly clear. nothing was terribly clear because although we were intercepting the french naval signals they weren't always doning it. churchill believes that the french fleet wasn't going to scuffle itself. this was the fleet that was in n

the algerian border. so, churchill had to take this painful decision especially this was on the third. they marched into paris. not just setting back in the hope for close anglo-french corporation. also killing 3,000, as it turned out. yes, maybe 1,300. 1299 french shoulders. he took that decision and it was one that he never regretted. one of the reasons was it sent the massage to the world and especially the united states.

they were your new alleys and needed two weeks beforehand. we can make peace. >> can you discus the reaction. >> he cried as i mentioned earlier. but he hated doing it and said so. none the less, it was the first week we had for sometime and of course the other thing is it split between the offices and who knew other french offices and they have been on it and new each other and they were devastated by having to kill so many frenchman.

and nelson and did under the mind. >> my question is what are your thoughts onto why he wasn't re-elected right after the war. do you think when the war ended people saw him as a symbol of the old order. he was an empyrealist and wanted toe start a new. >> that's one aspect and it came as a terrible shock when he lost the election on the 26th of july. he expected to win. he had been one after another after another.

especially in the north earn and middle towns. his name was on one ballot. whereas the conservatives that had been apiecers their names ruled the others. they wanted six years of devastating war. they wanted nationalization and the health service and the welfare state and the beverage report put into operation. they knew it was going to be labor party that would do that. although churchill did offer to do most of that he was not going to do it with the same conviction. you also made an incredibly stupid remark during the election. he attempted to equate labor costs. that was an extremely bad thing

to do. >> i think we have time for one more question, sir, here. >> of all of the churchill biographers out their how did you convince the queen to give you access to her father's diaries. >> i would love to pretend it was anything other than chance. i didn't take no for an answer and i kept asking. also, it's been 17 plus years since the event. so i think it was pretty much time. of course that's a decision that should be between her and her private secretary. they came to the decision that

it should be included. >> i would like to invite all of you to join us here on monday november 26 when we welcome sir anthony beaver when he will discuss his battle. that's november 26 at noon. now i hope you will take your own personal walk with destiny and ensure the education in the future of andrew's children. remember the holidays are just around the corner to the signing table will he will be happy to give you his autograph. thank you for being here tonight and andrew roberts thank you. [ applause ]

>> also being released this week is larry is accounting world war ii's highly decorated spy. none of the above by shawny

robertson explores the history of discrimination in public schools. in the prosperity paradox. claytonchristensen offer threats on economic develop don't always lead deiparous parity. look for these in bookstores this coming weeks and watch for many of the authors in the near future on book tv o on c-span 2. >> i believe the success of the book speaks to what i've always known. this country is open to so many people in so many ways and people are curious about other peoples stories. that's what i experienced when i first campaigned for barrack in iowa. the notion that a little girl

from the south side of chicago who was named michelle obama married to barack hussein obama. what connected was was our story. it was our shared stories. the stuff i put in this book. it wasn't what degree i had or school i went to. it wasn't what career i had. it was like what was our food like. our kitchen table conversation like. what were our neighborhoods, sights, and smells. that's the commonality we share across the country. it's not race, it's not gender, it's not religion, it was the stories that make us who we are. this is resonating with so many different people reinforces what

i know is true about this country. >> you can watch this and any other program at booktv.org. you can search the book at the top of the search bar.

hi, everyone. just a few quick housekeeping notes take a moment to silence cell phones. feel free to take photos but do so silently. we not only have our own