say you really can't say he's exactly left or right. i think most people have a misconception about what bob dylan is. >> wash c-span city tour rochester, minnesota. this saturday noon eastern. he spent two's booktv. sunday at 2:00 p.m. on american history tv. on c-span three. working with our cable. as we export the american " sto. >> the new york times, to look at the drug-resistant that occurs within hospitals resistance to antibiotics in culture of secrecy as described headline surrounding it. running is to talk about it is injure the new york times. science reporter, good morning. >> great to be here. >> thank you for turning us but was pacific infection are we

talking about? >> this is a fungus called canada worse. his recently discovered originally in japan. it spread all over the world and you're in the u.s., it's killed about 600 people. >> when it comes down to that information, how does it work and how does it do his work as far as killing people? >> most of those infected are in already sick, people in the hospital who can't fight off. it's really taken off in new york and new jersey and illinois. in a few other state in the country. about 30% of the people who get it, they do not respond. 50% die within 90 days. >> as far as the. cause, but would you describe and why the concentration and hospitals?

>> the origins of it are a bit of a mystery, why, it's essentially a very tenacious bug and it spreads through hospital equipment, and of nurses, people visiting and it's an extremely hard to kill. hospital in the uk and london, they had to tear out everything because they could not get rid of it. same with the hospital here in new york, the patient died, they could not get rid of it. they cleaned thoroughly and test for and it was still there. they had to dismantle the entire emergency room to basically get rid of it. extremely tenacious bug. >> these cases, sometimes people get antibiotic or antifungal to treat them why not apply those in this case? >> they do use that medication,

the problem is that it's very resistant. on tuesday, the cdc announced they found one strain of this fungus resistant to everything. it's pretty serious and it seems to be getting worse and at the moment, there's no drug that can conquer it. >> when it comes to letting the public know, you are reporting on it obviously but what is the role of the federal government and releasing this information? >> federal government, the cdc will release generic information about our pics but they will not identify the hospital or nursing home where it takes place. this is because it's an agreement with the state not to force them. it's up to each individual state that. they will keep the outbreak secret basically, critics say

this is because hospitals don't want to have a repetition, you're not going to want to check into a hospital for a surgery if you know they have an outbreak. hospital officials and health workers will say the reason is, they don't want to scare away patients, people can get medical care because they are afraid of infection and it's worse than the bucks. the truth is, these infections, most people will not be affected. if you're healthy, young, likely to have any comments from it. >> our guest here to talk about the infection, reporting he found, injure of the new york times, if you want to ask questions, call on the winds. perhaps you work in a hospital, make your comments there, too.

when it comes to the larger issue you report about the use of antibiotics, you talk more about that, especially how it applies in these cases you see these infections being resistant? >> this is a huge problem, much bigger than the one bug. recent infections killed 23000 american year. 100,000 people die each year from these infections. that figure is growing and by 2050, it's predicted about ten people you will die from resistant infections. more than die from cancer. it's really a problem is getting very little attention. problem is, there are drugs in the pipeline, break the incentive for drug companies to develop the drugs. we're stuck with this for many

years. the bugs become resistant. the more intoo products used, te more they mutate and they want to survive. a lot of that is because americans overuse and about. 30% are completely unnecessary. 80% of all antibiotics are used in agriculture. in animals. a lot of scientists say this is what is fueling the resistance epidemic. these bugs mutate and want to survive. >> then on the federal level, boere's even concern about resistance including chef, can you expand or talk about those? >> introduced the bill that would address these issues and installed in the republican committee. isat's about it, there's really nothing much more going on. a lot of advocates say there's a

national effort to get more into the research pipeline, perhaps tax credits, incentives to get to a company to develop these medications. >> first call from amy who is in jupiter, florida. thank you for calling. >> can you tell me, the infection in which the florid florida -- hasn't reached florida yet? >> i have not heard of any but that doesn't mean it's not there. some hospitals actually will not test for it because they are afraid to be associated with it. i got an e-mail from a nurse in hospital, new york, they are not even testing patients for. they don't want to be associated

with it. who knows. it seems likely he would reach that because people travel and there are a lot of people between there. but i can't answer that. >> today's additional new york times to talk about a case of, it's in chicago. >> yes. illinois is the other hotspot. they've had over 100 cases. rsme nursing homes, half of all patients in nursing homes have tested positive. star is about a woman who went to the hospital to have a procedure, biopsy and she was likely infected to the instrument that is used for the biopsy. it was resistant to those drugs and she died. >> from david in bridgeport, thank you forn calling.

>> -- hello. >> gone, ahead please. >> is a new disease here and i am relapsing, i am concerned. >> you are concerned with this, is that what you are saying? it should be a big concern. especially if you are already sick you have a weakened immunity, it is a threat and the problem is, you don't really know whether or not you have it. that's part of the problem, no way patients can research and find out what hospitals have been infected. the truth is, over time, it will spread everywhere. it seems to be contained to a few states. >> is a line your story is

published recently," anti- foster, vice president for quality and patientte safety, is publicly identifying health care facilities as a source of infectious operate expand on that? >> it is, get it because you have a hospital like new york city, it gets all kinds of patients, all the cities basic, referral hospital where people were very sick come from all over the country. they will see a lot more infections and more than say a small rural hospital in for junior. if you compare apples to apples that way, it might be unfair. if you like a large place like nyu, and the infections and you were to compare to that, it might be misleading. it's a difficult thing to try

and compare but there is a way to have more transparency that will at least allow patients to make that decision for themselves especially they are going for elective surgery. perhaps you would go to that rural hospital in virginia where there has been no reported outbreaks. >> from mississippi, go ahead. >> was justst wondering if thers anything i can do to create any buzz about this. >> artistic perspective, he said? >> yes, anything i can do specifically to do -- i haven't our passion product about this. >> i mean, i can't help you but -- >> you spoke about transparency in getting information out to the public so they can make these decisions.

>> i think that's the heart of the matter. there's a lot ofa resistance fm the hospital industry, but even as a department of health around the country are resistant to this in california, state legislature state legislature interviews the bill do that, forced hospitals to these this information and pass the assembly, or no, the senate and died there after that. from the permit of health so is a very tough battle to get more transference it. >> he finds this disease or another, if they are an established protocol within the hospital, they receive guidance from the cdc on how to treat it? >> the hospital will report to the state department of health, cdc often called in and they

will send someone and come and explain procedures. the procedures are still emerging and they're not fully successful with other bugs, him are as they, there's a lot of bugs that are resistant. there are some that are more established, you can't have -- you can have frequent handwashing, sterilized equipment, constantly. there's a lot of things you can do, cleaning cards, a big sour source, sometimes they go from room to room and will carry these bugs on the wheels. so there's a lot of things that can be done. they're very involved in hands on. it's just about issues and disclosure. they will not force the state to

reveal the location. >> new york times, if you go to their website, he's one of the co-authors, taking a look and talking with us about it. from michigan, hear from kathy. hi. >> before i forget the cards at the hospital i work at do not go into the patient's room, theyy sit outside in the hallway. adjacent to the wall. there's a lot of infectious disease situations throughout the hospital. what i am seeing is extreme poverty, infections that are so completely preventable. the amputations, to me, it's mind-boggling. i will have to say this, infectious disease doctors are some of the hardest working clinicians probably in any facility anywhere.

everything changes, i think that i haven't had an antibiotic and probably 12 years. hardly anybody needed that at that time. that was just standard. >> what you mean by property? >> well, teachers and in world areas. i see a lot of children that aren't putting enough and as they become adults, they've never learned to clean their bodies enough to stop infections from occurring or if you're diabetic, it's preventable, for multiplicity of reasons, they come in and it starts with the toe invitation and it becomes hethe foot and then it's below e knee, maybe before the butt. that's not normal.

>> obviously kindliness is a big issue. i think for the resistance pathogens, i think a lot of them are acquired in the hospital so i think -- i don't know how much that factor is how plays at home, i'm sure it doesn't help. once we are talking about a bacteria often are in the hospitals, there are infections but i think the focus to be on hospital cleanliness and procedures to really make us these institutions. >> next in kansas, go ahead. >> nice to talk to you.

i have a few questions. first, this reminds use of the measles. does this one you take? for those of us who do have there's already strength that can't be treated. the cd see, what becomes like a pandemic, something like that, i know that's what they are c all worried about. >> memory start by saying, people should not be panicked about it becausese even the mul- drug-resistant, most people are not going to become sick by it. you can carry this fungus can be colonized by cannot be six. you really have to have your immune system, must. connection to measles because you can't -- measles you

can be vaccinated against unfortunately, exterior and these infections, there are no vaccines at the moment. there's nothing -- there's no connection between the two. i would say the cdc is doing as much as i can to contain this. it is a tough bug to kill. got a lot of e-mails from scientists who are working on this issue. hopefully something welcome along. i think the larger issue is the use of antifungal drugs on agriculture. 80% of all them used are used on crops. so that's a big issue. a lot of them are using these

antifungals are sprained them on our agriculture, that's really what is fueling resistance. you kill off all the fungus in ethe soil and a lot of the norml stuff and fills in. it takes advantage of the void and its resistance to these drugs and then you have it. a lot of people who say what we need to focus on is the use of antimicrobials in a culture and animals. >> if you go to the website, they do have a page devoted to hospitalized patients and fungal infections if you want to learn more about that, cdc.gov. john, goor ahead. john in jupiter, florida. hello. >> i'm curious to know about the impact of the illegal straining across the border.

various once unknown to us. i'm wondering if the source of this, where it's coming from. resistant to the chinese pneumonia is also going on. >> i would say it was first identified in japanese patients in 2009. these things are actually coming from people who take planes here. the first people to bring it were wealthy, some from the united arabs, came here for medical treatment brought it. also an american woman who went overseas first surgery in india. she brought back. to be honest, people bringing them arege people who have mone, claim fame and i haven't seen any studies about migrants crossing borders with pathogens. i think this is a problem of

first world people who are, have enough money to go from one country to another. i think the focus on migrants is probably misguided. >> what sparked your interest on reporting on this? >> i think we feel like -- visible, it popped on the scene last year. we saw almost no coverage onwa e you. then we saw patients, we met incredible secrecy from hospitals to talk to maybe a dozen different hospitals and initially they were interested in that and when we sort of asked if we could meet a patient or talk to a patient, they shut us down. i think they realized this kind of attention was perhapstepe not the good image. that was further to keep pursuing it.

in general, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a serious problem that is not getting enough attention and as i said, ten-point people are dying for your bike the year 2050. more than cancer. that's a lot of people. we believe that more effort should be focused on this to address before it becomes huge. >> in georgia, hello. >> thank you. morning to everybody out there. i will try to make these quick questions. number one, i live in the atlanta area, the airport here services more people than any other airport in the world. if it'sn so hard to sterilize hospital room after the fungus, how about airport gates?

it's very hard to clean up the whole airport. this is something else in the open that is killing this fungus that isn't in the hospitals but they are keeping hospitals clean, to keep it from coming around, maybe this thing would be attacked out in the open where it isn't attacked in the hospital. would you say older people and infants are susceptible, i hope that doesn't mean us in our late 60s because that would be too bad. >> we'll let our guest address those two things. >> i think the important thing to realize here is, these pathogens, bacteria, they are everywhere.

they are everywhere you go. it's really -- there's no way you can contain the permit. the issue here is hospitals where they are doing invasive medical procedures where they are using scope seco into your body, incisions, that is the issue here. it's about -- because they are everywhere and also in hospitals and concentration, you have procedures, you are infected that way. that -- it just goes to your skin, it's about having an invasive procedure in providing a pathway for those pathogens to reach your system.m. i would not worry about airports. there's really no way because once you know they are everywhere, it's impossible and you're creating more opportunities for the books to mutate. . antibiotics,hrow

the more they try to mutate to survive. i think again, just being old or elderly is not a risk factor. things about being older andmp having a health issue that compromised your immune system. i think frankly, most people don't need to worry. i think by we are doing this is because we want most people to worry and create an awareness and pressure for change, a wayge both to the prescribing is done, people love to run to their doctor and get an answer back. doctors for comply and we need prescriptions, less use of antibodies on our culture. we need to somehow have more

incentives for pharmaceutical industries to develop these drugs. right now, there's very little in the pipeline.ec n >> work of the guest signings at the new york times website. as andrew jacobs report on health and science issues for that publication. thank you for your time. >> thank you for having me. >> justice department today released the redacted version of robert mueller's report on russian interference in the 2016 election. on this in public a chance to get the investigation of trumps campaign. if you'd like to read the report, visit our website c-span.org. more about the release of the redacted mueller report, with your analysis on david, law professor and thomas dupree former deputy assistant attorney general for the george w. bush administered, who also (went to get your reaction. is underway 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span.

>> think specifically to members of congress to set up come together and focus on hiring policy and legislation that is meaningful and impactful. come together and protect people and do the job. >> this week on q and a, high school student from the u.s. senate program talk about the expense, we can present it. >> may be a different portal party, you all much make a better world for ourselves and generations address. >> right now, you people are very inspiring and passionate about our ideals and the delegates here this week, i have confidence in us that we could come together to reach a consensus that informs the party line. >> one thing i say, especially looking around at future leaders and members of this rising

generation, we are also lost and we care so much. so if one incredible thing has come from this, we are all a week. >> sunday night eastern, c-span q&a. [silence] >> we are delighted to have you here. thank you for coming. this will be a fun morning. i'm looking forward to it. my name is john, i'm president here at css. a bit about