[inaudible][inaudible conversat] [inaudible conversation] good morning. the president take a listen campus at miami-dade college. welcome to the campus into the 36 miami book fair. thank you we hope you enjoyed this a book fair weekend but please remember that activities take place throughout the year all over miami. we are grateful for the college

into the hundreds of volunteers who make it possible. into the generals support of the night foundation royal caribbean meredith ambassador, the bachelor foundation, the degroot foundation and many other sponsors. we would also like to thank the members our friends of the fair program. are there friends of the fair president? give a wave. look at those friends. that is awesome. the friends received multiple benefits during the fair and all your round while helping us fill south florida is a vibrant community of readers and writers. please consider joining friends following the ferric social media or signing up for the newsletter. we will soon launch for new programs for youth and emerging writers. in the months to come you'll hear more about the initiatives and how you can take apart. and now, i ask you please just silence your cell phone. at the end of the session we will have time for q&a and our author has agreed to sign books

just past the hallway here. and now, to introduce our author please welcome attorney marland hill, a member of the advisory board for the miami book fair. thank you. [applause] >> it good morning miami. when i say who you say that. >> who that. >> who, that. >> you're the right place. welcome to the 2019 book fair. when the chapman congress center and i want to present our first speaker on the main we can. he is here from the fair crescent city of how do you pronounce it? new orleans. how do you say it? new orleans. so, he served as lieutenant

governor for the state of governor from louisiana from 2004 - 2010. then he just recently was the crescent city mayor of new orleans 2010 - 202018. he is also the founder of the e pluribus unum fund, don't we need some of that now. right you can applaud. our motto, out of many, one. where we are trying to bring yourselves together on the issues of race, equity, economic opportunity and violence. this is why i'm here today to deliver this message be on the shadows of statues. hopefully you have received your books. yes she's here to present to all the way from the crescent city and the bayou, please join us in welcoming the mayor of new orleans, mitch landrieu.

[laughter] thank you. >> man. how are you all doing? my wife, cheryl is with us. thank you. [applause] that's right, you all set it right, who detonation in the house. i don't want to start with a fight but the saints are going to go to the super bowl this year and we are going to win. we can fight later about that. he also had new orleans the right way, too. that was very good. don't come as a new orleans we will know that you're not from there. i am so happy to be here. not only in miami-dade, but actually at this facility because the great édouard rope drone who is one of the founders of this book best all around with mitch was another great human being but has a university that really speaks, you're talking crap, right. [applause] it really speaks to some of the

issues that we should talk about today. and, ideas that in my opinion will help us become great americans. so, in my introduction you heard that i was a state legislator for 16 years. in the state of louisiana. i was lieutenant governor haven't gotten elected twice statewide. and to then after katrina you guys know little bit about hurricanes, right? isn't it tough? they come in every year they go out water is life giving and water is life taking as his wins. everybody from florida understands the pain in the joy both of those things and you guys have recovered from difficult stores wimps like those of us in new orleans. they teach about life and as lieutenant governor along with the other governors we had to be in a position to respond to the

aftermath of what those storms bring us in what they take away. and in charlotte thereafter i became mayor of new orleans where he observed the last eight years, rebuilding what i consider to be and i hope you consider to be a great american city that we believe embodies the soul of america, diversity is a strength not a weakness. lots of different folks from different parts of the world coming together in communion to make beautiful things like jazz and gumbo. and all kinds of other stuff that we all enjoy but we tend to forget where they come from. but what you may not know about me is i am one of nine children. my mama who i think may be watching. hi, mama. had nine children in 11 years. she's a saint. and, she is with us. she is 88 years old. go ahead, give her a round of applause. do you all mind if i sit down? i don't need to stand behind this podium.

good. thank you. i appreciate that. my mother hadn't nine children 11 years and she married a guy, my dad who is one of two kids who grew up in the middle of the city of new orleans across the street from the cemetery. his house was about 18 feet wide and about 60 feet deep. he found himself at a high school called jesuit high school and then by some fate found himself at loyola university which was a jesuit run school. at the school at the time this would've been 1945 - 48, he found himself at jesuit high school and at loyola under the chad lynch of a who believes in social justice. so come over in the deep south, were at 48 - 1960 in the formative years and after having pitched on his high school team

they won the race championship thinking he was going to be a professional baseball player. he, like many of us didn't have that dream. he threw shoulder out and find himself at loyola beginning to study prelaw and going into law school. on the first day of law school he met a young man named norman francis. one of the first african-americans to go to loyola school. now, this kid came from down in the bayou call lafayette louisiana we louisiana. where 250,000 french-speaking people who by the way lost their home back in the 1400s and they were expelled by the english after they fought and what we all know as canada otherwise known as québec. they got expelled from their home, came down to louisiana, don't know how they got down there. they didn't stop in ohio or something on the way. i don't understand that. we have a beautiful place called new orleans that thomas jefferson bought for $15 million

which was somewhat of a peace -- and he finds himself well into the 1950s meeting the first african-american that went to the school there that relationship formed the basis of almost everything that has happened in my life. my father when after that and served in the jazz court where the pentagon and had my older sister, mary and the shadow of the pentagon. and, he served there for three years, came back home and started a law practice in norman, his african-american friend who informed almost everything is life happened decided not to do that and to become an academic and then later became the president of xavier university and was the longest-serving african-american president of the university in the country and got them as a presidential medal of honor. those two friendships the reason why it had an impact on what what going to talk about today which i hope will be race,

patriotism, and what really makes america strong and what makes america good is that when my father got into the legislature jimmy davis who when you hear his name just think of george wallace. he was a southern governor who back in the 60s was really pushing segregation hard. and on my father's first or second day in the legislature when my mother was pregnant with me, the fifth child she had for at home. my father voted against the segregation package. he was one of two white people to do that. on his way back to his hotel when he got into the elevator there was a guy named louis who was a white racist client congressman with sheriff leander perez whose name you might remember from great segregationists and they pointed a finger at his chest and said, you're dead. you will never survive. and he took that literally and you can imagine how frightening that was. but from that moment forward because of his relationship with

norman francis, because of his ability to see norman francis is a human being. because norman was smarter than him, better than him faster than him, the short story is that everything he learned about african-american people before he met norman was wrong. and it was a lie. essentially. it was a cover-up. it was a prejudice. and basically for the rest of our lives my family, my sister included who is a united states senator for three terms had been working really hard to make sure that the country is as good is she supposed to be but we realize we can't get there unless we get through the issue of race. that's the short speech. the more complicated talk and the more complicated issue and i hope i can speak to frankly especially since i see a lot of really white people in this audience. i'm sorry said that the wrong way. a lot of people who are white.

although you might be really white. i don't know what that means. but she should. because we make african-americans where their blackness every day. if you don't understand what that means you should ask somebody who is a person of color. why people get away without asking how wide are you, are you wide enough for where do you really come from are you italian or irish, really? i'm italian. i'm english and french. i got a little german and a little bit of african-american blood and a lot of other stuff. i'm uniquely american in most of you are all too. from what i think about the history of the city. so for the country. so the issue for country is, why in the second decade of the 21st century do we allow ourselves to be torn apart by race? in class and created color. why do we love those things that really don't matter in our lives to separate us and what is the impact it has?

is it hurting the people we discriminate against or is it hurting us? what is the united states of america supposed to be? and so i think just a couple of things and then i would love to take questions. but i would ask you to think about this. deny permission to speak to frankly? are you sure? >> don't be afraid. and i'm not going to hurt anybody. intentionally. that the founding fathers when they wrote the words, we hold these truths to be self-evident which is posted mean you're not supposed to explain them to peach? but evidently not. we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. it didn't say women he said men. by the way it was kind of a pretty significant hypocritical statement because they own slaves at the time. but, we'll give people a little

bit a life and room to run. we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal and are endowed by their creator, which means that don't make trash it's another way to interpret that. with certain inalienable rights in the alienable, that means you can't take them away. like you don't own them. it's not yours to give to bestow. certain inalienable rights of life liberty freedom, the pursuit of happiness, right, everybody knows those words. we run through those like the pledge of allegiance and sometimes we don't think about what the words means like indivisible with liberty and justice for all. not some, not white people and not what african-americans et cetera. those were the calling card and words of the founding father of who we are supposed to be. and i wasn't as perfect as they

were. i think we are humble enough to know that we were never going to get to perfection. however, they reminded us every day that it is an aspiration as americans to seek profession because they put the words and in order to form a more perfect union. now, they want a joint soles and they knew that we are human beings but at least it was our mission our calling to never stop moving toward our northstar. in our northstar is a more perfect union. that's who we are as americans. that's one thing we'll have in common because your country my fellow americans, my neighbors as i might and i used both of those words intentionally improve intentionally. neighbor and fellow american. that when they said that we were going to aspire to that i knew

that we are never going to get there, they also admonish that we would never quit because that is why they called it rights. and america your country is built on an idea. it's the only country that had ever existed that was built on an idea of freedom and equality. that's it. the thing else is extra in our country. everything is extraneous and derivative of those two principles. but here's the hard truth. thomas jefferson owned slaves. you know the story of sally hemmings. we had taken human beings from senegal and gabi. i'm going to talk about my city nelly florida out of it to give you room to say maybe you're not like everybody else if you dare. senegal and haiti into the mississippi river off of the river onto the boat sold up the

river and over a very long period of time we enslaved other human beings. now, white people i'll use myself as an example, kept using the word slavery and the only thing i could think of is that people were kept against their will to work for the people. right and that's generally what you think of. but they use the word enslaved not a condition but actually something that happened to somebody else and then put yourself through the pain without taking personal responsibility saying who enslave them and why were they enslaved unwanted that really mean, it didn't just mean taken somebody's liberty, pursuit of happiness, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. when john locke wrote that. the word he used was property. a life liberty and property. in what locke met when he said that was the value of somebody's work.

once you know, they did not use that word in the constitution. but if you think about it from that perspective every piece of work that an african-american did that produced a product or produced a value we took from them, the country took it from them, the owners took it and got sold into our economy. that was separated. think about the spirits. they ripped the children away from their mothers press and children out of their mothers arms and sold them. can you imagine just for commitment having somebody walk up to you and take your child and giving them to somebody else in a way that you would never see them again? women were great people worse urged, their skin was ripped off of their backs where they didn't not behavior when they inflict the wrong way at a white girl and they were hanged and they were beaten and killed. that was slavery. if you really look at it that's

what that was. and, we took peoples property. their physical property, their spiritual property emotional property to the extent we could strip it away from them and their dignity. in that institution lester for a loop really long time. so much so that we had to fight to onto it. that was called the civil war. the civil war in my opinion, i think history has written the story of this was a war that was fought to destroy the country. it was in fact fought to separate the united states of america as we know it at that time. and it was fought for the cause of preserving slavery. there are people who will say i am wrong i don't know what i'm talking about. actually was fought over states rights and over the economy. okay. it was fought over the rights of states to maintain slavery to produce an economy that was built on other peoples labor. you can shorten the sentence if you want or you cannot shorten it and you can look straight at what we did.

and millions of our fellow americans were enslaved and then we fought a war. 700,000 people died on both sides of the aisle. and thank god the united states won the war because we would not be the country we are today or anywhere close to where we are had we lost to the confederacy. shortly after the war was of over. thirty years later after the confederacy by the way which is not synonymous with the south. many people in the south were not on the side of the confederacy in the confederacy was not an organized government with that was. it never was an organized government recognized by anyone other than jefferson davis it and his vice president who wrote the cornerstone speech. the united states fought that war unless they would habit the united states one but many years after the war and after the federal troops had left and stop protecting african-americans after reconstructions when they became doctors, lawyers are governor of the state of

louisiana we decided in the confederacy that's not the way it's going to be and we were going to maintain control of the power in this space in government and every other way. we began to enact laws that continue to push people down based on race. i don't need to type history. i don't need to argue about it in for arguing we don't have much in common but i'm suggesting to that may be a people are would think through that in fact we went through a number of institutional and systemic attempts to make sure african-americans really did not enjoy the fact that all men and all women were created equal and have certain rights that we in fact were better than them. over the last however many years from then until now many of those institutions stayed in place and as a consequence of us ripping apart peoples families and taken away their property the african-american community in this country has not really have the same opportunities that

everybody else has had. they are in a unique and special place in the history of the world. and so when i became mayor of the city of new orleans and i got elected by 66% of the people an equal number of votes the majority of my city is african-american and get reelected i work for the people of new orleans and the same people who live in 1890 and many do not have many power over the mayor was a confederate soldier but these monuments up for one person purpose and one purpose only, to send a message to african-americans that even though the wars over and you are free were still in charge and you and get ahead no matter what you do. that's why the monuments were put up to remind us the cause that was lost that of the confederacy was a shaman working to find a way to tell a narrative in the story of who we were to make you feel bad that we lost a war and not good that we lost the war.

and so, as i was rebuilding the city of north linz after katrina, 500,000 homes hurt, 250,000 destroyed, 1800 people killed. we had to look at ourselves and say how are we going to rebuild the significant city. organa put it back like it was great historic buildings, music, food, were going to change it and make it into the city we should have always been having gotten it right the first time. this is hard to do because you got a look in the mirror. each and every one of us would look at ourselves in the mirror in the morning might see a 16-year-old who had lots of hair and was kind of and was going to win the u.s. open. and then i can hardly recognize myself. i'm thinking how the heck did i get so old so fast it is that really me? i'll let you live with yourself and you look in the mirror but you know what i'm talking about about having to look at yourself

and say as he looked back over your life, did i do the right thing, to redo the rock thing that's what cities do. because that's what we as a country should do. it shouldn't be hard for us to look back in to say my guy, i recognize that we made a mistake. i'm sorry i would like to correct it without feeling like you personally responsible for your personally at fault to what happened many years ago. as we were rebuilding the city it seems to be completely hypocritical to tell the children of the city, i'm going to build new schools and brand-new schools for your 21st century knowledgebase schools that will prepare you for the future. working to create economic models for you to be lifted up record to create streets communities, housing and healthcare to prepare for the future all the while holding onto the historic part of new orleans but were also going to put a hold the nasty part working to keep reminding you

that you are less than. and i seem to me to not be appropriate especially in the city of new orleans that was a poor town that had never been a town that out of the confederacy to have standing in the middle of our city for monuments, went to the clan if you can believe that, a monument to client. we had that. on then three moderates to confederate generals whose mission it was to make sure that little 12-year-old girl, african-american was not going to be an astronaut not going to be a dr., not going to be the head of the university of any school in the nation. but, she was going to go clean your beds for you. you feed your food and clean your toilets, that's really all she could do. that did not seem to be the message that i as mayor of the city of new orleans and the second decade of the 21st century wanted to send anybody in those monuments, the physical things that by the way we walk by every day and don't see in i am exhibit number one. walk by them every day and never

thought about them. that doesn't reflect who we are as a country. so, we took them down. now, there's a story about how terrible it was and how many people fought us and by the way, some folks in florida came over there y'all had some people come to my neighborhood and try to me what to do with property like you have some ownership about it very interesting that people who are not from new orleans thought they had something to say about the property that we the city of new orleans own. the same would be true in florida if someone in kansas although i know they don't have racism in the north. [laughter] i'm kidding, kansas. we love you. but you got it too. think about a couple things. first will come i don't think it's debatable that slavery was america's original sin. it was a terrible, terrible institution. it harmed huge numbers of fellow

americans. as a consequence after slavery ended african-americans did what every smart person would do, they got the hell out of the south. if they could. right this is what you would do. and where did you go? you would go someplace where you can be free. where you could realize your god-given potential and be given a chance and what did they do? when they left? what did they take with them? they took their love. they took their joy. they took their music, they took their mamas recipes. they took their great intellect. they took their literature, they took their poetry, they took -- those of you from the south them by the way i consider florida to be part of the south but i consider texas, too. but i'll let you decide where you live. it happens to be south. but not south because you got a cultural thing going on like i don't necessarily. if we were great you would want a piece of us.

if you didn't think we were so great you would not want a piece of us is that true? it's an attitude. you all got an attitude. and so as you think about what they took with them, besides you thinking about how unjust it was think about what you lost. when you lost everything that they had to give. and think about what the country has lost in our inability to give every human being everything that they needed. and how many incredible things are there yet undiscovered and yet can't honor yet on curated or unwritten or unpainted that we have all lost as a country and so, if america's original sin was slavery and racism continues to be our achilles' heel with our strongly suggest to you is self-evident. then how in the world are we ever going to find the holy grail? how are we going to chase that

windmill and find that more perfect union if we do not purposely recognize the mistake that was made take a sense of ownership of it not feel personally at fault but feel responsible for fixing it going forward, not because it's just, but because it's good for us, all of us, not just some of us, all of us. because it ought to be self-evident that at least the founding fathers believed that we were better together. then apart. this university in this book festival is a spiritual and physical testament to the fact that we believe that diversity is a strength not a weakness. that affect different people from just different races, creeds and races love who they want to love and all have something to offer us. the net united states of america could never be as great as she says she is or is supposed to be a mess we are good.

and so the reason i called you neighbor before and talked about giving to caesar and what is god is gods. whether you are religious or civic the idea of loving your neighbor or treating everybody like they come to the table of democracies equals is that he thousand that supports the idea of who america is supposed to be. i think that we have to admit in this country if we are honest that we have failed in this regard to be as good as we can be. now to be clear, the great john lewis who i know all of you know, and who i love and who i look to for inspiration who when i got scared picked up that picture of him getting ready to take a weapon from the sheriff at the foot of the bridge when he was a little dude with a trenchcoat on in his backpack. you knew he was going to get hit. y'all seen that picture? he was going to get hit and he stayed if he was going to take that kind of pain for us in so many people have lost their

lives come it's not so hard for us, not only to be judgment to help ourselves by taking this country through something that we have never gone through before because we want to it. you know why, because were afraid of it or were afraid of it because were bad at it and were bad at it because it hurts. but all of you that raise children, everybody in here knows that the hardest thing is to say i'm sorry. almost the second hardest thing to say is, i forgive you. isn't that true? can we as a country really has not done that. in my opinion with the african-american community and i recognize that racism today which is a soquel of slavery, and institutions that ladies and gentlemen still exist to this day. many white people can be forgiven i suppose for not really knowing our history. our whole history is nothing but our history but, because of this thing called the internet and because of books and schools come i would say like in the

next 20 years we don't have so much of an excuse. that we ought to really take a minute to be open-minded and to think about our history. and whether or not what i'm saying to you today is actually true that we have something called redlining. where when our fathers and mothers came back from serving their country and they got the g.i. bill not all african-americans had access to that and that's why the suburbs got built-in white people got home some black people didn't. you could be forgiven for not knowing. in thinking that what i'm telling you is incorrect when i tell you that gerrymandering, and voter suppression still happen. that until the 1960s there was state -based discrimination. that in fact there were absolutely rules about it, is it no surprise to you that when you look at the statistics in the 13 lower southern states which florida is a piece of yoga like that? this piece, the pensacola piece, not the panhandle piece come although y'all got some of it

too. if you look at every one of the things that you want to be on the right side of, that number is a bad number. violence, low birth weight babies, maternal death. 54% of african-americans in this country live in the south. 54%. so, now can you imagine if you were an african-american walking by in the second decade of the 21st century after you had your first african-american president to confederate monument that basically tells you and your reminds every day you may live here but this ain't your place and you are not worthy and can you then take a minute to wonder why african-americans actually sit back and think well, do we really have complete and total ownership? are we part of thomas jefferson to vision for america of having unalienable rights of life liberty and property, or do you guys still think that were just here on loan?

and do you think that they think they are completely and totally free and that they have the same opportunities that you and i have. in other words, to be as white america even though we talk the talk, are we willing walking the walk? and by the way, it is true in the united states of america because you can have a country without borders and you can have a country without law and order, that's true. but you also can't have a country without justice and mercy. [applause] and in this country i'm almost finished. i'm not in this country, we can actually do both of those things at once. and then finally, and i will leave you with this, it's a hold over their speech but i want to touch on it for second. that your patriotism, your love of your country requires you to read direct your grievances against your government when you

don't think that the people that are holding power or using it in a way that is consistent with our original ideas which is why. [applause] thank you. which is why the founding fathers put it in the first amendment. although all of them are important. and so, true patriotism is standing up for the ideals of the founding fathers set for us and it is not nativism. it's not nationalism. it is not pushing people away because of what they look like or what they believe or who they live. and the only way that your country is going to be great, essentially as if your country is good. and we cannot be good in america we do not walk through grace and i can tell you this ladies and gentlemen, you can go over it, you can't go around it, you can't go over it, there's only one way and that is to go through it. thank you very much. [applause]

thank you. to my thank you everyone. we do have time for some questions. i see the first question please. >> why aren't you running for president? [applause] i'll leave that. they have enough candidates don't think. >> 21 of them and they are all good. while most of them. >> your stance on reparations for -- there is a deeper answer to this question. i just traveled around the south

and we actually came to miami and we went to houston. but we went to 28 different communities of 13 states. we talked over 800 people. white, black, hispanic, vietnamese, rich, poor, college-educated noncollege educated, we try to find every kind of human being that exist although i'm sure there's others that we have not found yet. ants come i want to report back to you briefly what i heard because during the middle of that the issue of reparations jumped up in the presidential race and i wanted to know what people thought about it without it being filtered through fox or cnbc or cnn. and i have to tell you that, couple things. mostly if you ask african-americans, do you think discrimination is worse today than it ever has been, they will generally tell you that the folks that responded that it's getting better over time, we have a long way to go but the last five years have been really

scary and they feel like it's getting worse. most white people think it's getting better and i don't know why people are getting complaining about it. most. on the issue of reparations. almost every white person we talked to weather on the liberal, moderate side was opposed. and their initial reaction was, all my god, seriously. i wasn't there. i didn't own a slave and i'm not writing a check. most african-americans that we talked to felt a great sense of loss and the need to have some level of repair done for what happened. and i got the sense from listening to a lot of different people that there are some people that want to check i believe that 40 acres and a meal was a real thing and we absolutely took real well and the only way for that to be

replaced was to give new wealth. but most folks we talked to wanted a couple of things from white people. for me. they wanted an acknowledgment. in a real acknowledgment your apology but if not here acknowledgment. that slavery was awful and what we did was almost unconscionable and we as a country need to recognize that if it's ever going to be a communion of us americans going forward. number two, that we have institutions today that racism is not just a personal act of malice to another person because they look different but their institutional barriers to african-americans and whites to not suffer from today. ladies and gentlemen, this is a fact. you can debate it but you gotta

go look and even up until recently there were laws in place that made it harder for african-americans than it did for us. so this is not a big surprise. by the way, this is not something that should be inconsistent to whites because the issue of reparations and the idea of repairing the damage that you did is written in every legal code that governs every law in every state in the nation. every lawyer at hand knows i'll make it real simple. someone runs into the back your car and they damage your car, you have a legal right to sue them to repair the damage that they did and it's written every law. so when you start talking to white people about are you willing to clean up what was messed up, will you fix what was broken, there is an openness to begin to talk about that. and i would expect as a country that unless we say i'm sorry and unless we can get to and i forgive you and unless there is some kind of preparation, repair, fixing up what was broken, it's going to be hard for us to get to what i would

consider to be a full throated embrace of each other. [applause] >> 1964 to leningrad come i wanted to ask you what you know good but beyond that, i really wanted to get an answer to the first question, why you decided not to run, if you're willing to talk about that and what you think of the presidential contest where it stands right now. and, i also wanted to say thank you for your leadership. i was at two they the case marched around, lee circle i know what it was about. thank you. >> thank you. how much time to have? okay. so i'm not can answer your first question because it's another topic that folks are not here for but i'll be happy to tell you after and thank you for that. >> what was the second question is first question startled me.

>> my question on forms but i am a third-generation floridian on one side, and i don't know, ninth generation charlotte on the other. i was raising my two african-american sons in the shadow of those statues at charlottesville. >> when my eldest son was three years old and we were walking by the statute of lee in the now famous park he pointed up and said is that grandfather and that was the beginning of the deciding that it was time to move away from charlottesville. and the reason why is because i've done my work i know my

history. i know my values and i know the real history. i also know that my ancestors, most recent one being my grandmother was raised to loot the loss because ideology is value as well as false history. false value falls history. i want to know how to reconcile myself now for my global history as a white southerner but as my very personal history as being descendents from in slavery and trying to love in retrospect dead grandparents to were promoting racist ideas. >> that's a great question. i'll try to answer this in a gentle way. because, let me just say this, it is completely understandable, talking to the white people now. that this is hard for us. because, my mother told me this

when i was going to take it down she said son come i don't take it down and i said why and she said that's a place for my daddy brought me to watch mardi gras parades. she was connected to that because it was a play she went that reminded her of something well about her childhood. even then i didn't listen to my mother. and i took them down. when it was over she brought me the book. she said i read this book and you wrote it and said to my son i'm assuming everything in the book is true. and i said it is. she said you know she said you're looking at your mother now she's older than you and she raised you. she may have spanked you a couple of times. she did. but all of a sudden she became the child and i became the adult. and she said you know they never taught me that. i didn't really know they taught me columbus was discovered america. so what i'm saying everybody comes to this issue of race.

everybody has different experiences they told you one story that was based on four years and it was only a small start part of the story. so i'll tell you like a quick joke. somebody said how is the.com. we like to hunt. how was the duck hunts. and that guy said depends on if you're the hunter or the dog. right. and so, when you tell a history and if we hear the read the least we can do is take responsibility for the whole history. in the city of new orleans we were founded in 1718. we were founded in 1890. so if you're going to tell the whole story of new orleans and what works and doesn't work, tell the entire story because were capable as adults of hearing the good stuff in the bad stuff in discerning what is right and wrong. and why things work and why things don't.

and i think in this country we have to look back and think about it but it actually this is hard for us to do. this is why were fighting so much of the country right now. who are we supposed to be in the country what we really want to be? why are we fighting, why are we coming together in the decided to go forward. i believe, my believe based on what i know and i have a lot to learn in my life, diversity is a strength not a weakness and that we were all created equal. that only leaves you in a certain direction. if i'm superior to someone else were not all equal in diversity is not a strength or weakness that leads me in a different direction. the question for us is not who you are for one particular office, do you like your parish priest or your rabbi, the question for you this is a time for choosing by the is, what does it say about you what is it say about us not about them and we as a country have to have that commitment if we are all going to live here peacefully

and were going to have peaceful transitions of power. i think this can be the last one. by the way come i can stay for a minute so if you have questions i'll be happy to answer some on the outside. two questions, one, the population of new orleans 2004 versus 2010. has there been a complete change or gentrification in any way in at number two, i have not read your book, i will have to. >> it short the words are small when statues are removed, my concern is that our we literally whitewashing. in other words, maybe you say that new orleans wasn't totally involved in the confederacy but when we remove statues even from charlottesville and wherever we are i think it's a great idea. i truly believe for the reason of doing it. by the same token are replacing the statue someplace in to show

the history. >> are you wiping out history. is that fair? >> a couple things. first of all in 1960 new orleans had 680,000 people and it was bigger than houston, bigger than atlanta. from 1960 until the night before katrina hit we were a dissenting city. 460,000 people, 680 to 460. people were moving out of this great city. today, it's an offending city. not everybody came back from a lot of people got dispelled on by the way for those of you who took us in, thank you and god bless you. a lot of folks went to atlanta, houston and over the country and everybody has gotten a lot better that's one.

and you know that. but, what has happened is a lot of people were able to come back, if not in the city than in the metropolitan area almost to the tune of 95%. however the nixa people in new orleans is a little different. we did have people from around the country that came and got stuck because they fell in love. they like the food they like the commitment to rebuilding and they stayed. the city is still a majority minority. we have as you know our first african-american female mayor. now the first african-american male was elected in 79 after my father finished his turn. i was a slight interruption for a short time because people weren't paying attention and they elected me an hour back to latoya is our first mayor. the answer is this because this accusation was made by the other side who did not want me to take the monument stone and it's if i'm a lawyer and i'm representing both sides, this is a fair accusation that i think was wrong but it was fair. if you take down the monuments come on she wiping away history. now, there were some african-americans who wanted them to stand because they never

wanted people to forget. that's interesting. but i think i would answer it this way. there are 3000 confederate monuments. there's not just one. robert e lee has a bucket load. i think he has more than abraham lincoln. but, he lost the war. i don't think king george's monuments anywhere in the united states of america and, you know really so that's first. but second it's this. she makes a good., how do you distinguish between rip and everything away so that you forget it so i talked to a lot of historians before he did this in the great historian whose opinion was that i think he was right that we were wiping away history, we were creating space there is a difference between remembrance you never want to forget we have a holocaust museum but you don't have a statute to the people that actually made the holocaust happened because there is a

difference between remembrance and reverence. all the public space on the courthouse if you're that african-american and a defendant in the criminal case when you're walking up to the courthouse and has a soldier outside of it you thinking my chances not so good in this trial. so what we as a government to collectively and how we speak and the symbols that we use actually are held to a much higher state or finally i would say to the families who have descended for people who fought in the civil war they lost on the confederate side, there is no disrespect intended and no disrespect given by having those families acknowledge that they fought on the wrong side of the war. history, we are far enough away and emotionally enough away to know that had that were succeeded we would not be

sitting here today. if we cannot render judgment on history, bad history or bad mistakes that we made, the my opinion i think would do to repeat it. we ought to be strong enough and smart enough and caring enough to say notwithstanding that fact we are so more removed forward that if we could recommit ourselves to the notion that all men are created equal and we can recommit ourselves for the reason why we thought that war, we as a country and we as a people are going to be stronger and commit ourselves once against unless we go forward together we really can't go forward at all. thank you all very much. [applause]

you are watching but deviancy spans to live coverage of the miami book fair. a full day of events coming up. we will find a full schedule epic tb.org or on your program guide. coming up in about 15 minutes senator tom cotton republican of arkansas talking about the history of arlington cemetery. we are joined now in our book tv set by author lauren duka. here is her book, it is called, how to start a revolution. young people in the future of american politics, ms. miss duka, when did you first get a sense onto the national scene. >> well, when john was elected i underwent a political awakening.

previously i looked at that democracy is a historical -- i was a bystander of our government and even though i had a voice as a journalist, i did not understand that i could have political agencies. and so when trump was elected, i felt compelled to write about politics and no longer thought it was possible to write about anything else. i wanted to use my journalism to empower people with information and the first piece that i publish that catapulted me to my current platform was called donald trump is gas lighting america. it's about the disinformation that continues to come out of the white house and i am past the ways in which the falsehoods and contradictions disseminated by trump and his team are meant to disarm the public from the foundation of facts that allows us to participate as citizens. in working to empower people with that is what i am hoping to

do with the book and continuing to work and use the platform i'm catapulted to. >> that of ted appeared in teen vogue, correct? >> that's right. it went viral and there is a conversation about the disinformation coming out of the white house but this tongue-in-cheek practice of two two-make it do young women care about politics? i was seen as that by talking heads on podcasts and panels and it was troubling to me because, i had also undergone awakening but i knew that i did not not care before. i wasn't apathetic. i was alienated. so i started researching and reporting. i started talking to young people and over the course of working on this book i talked to hundreds of them and there is this book state of not feeling connected to government. of not feeling a sense of urgency and self determination and i think there is a myth of youth apathy. were told that young people just

don't care as a natural extension of low voter turnout statistics but the reality is our voices are oppressed. we are denied a seat at the table and then cast eyes for not showing up and it's important to combat that state of political agency and help as many people as possible. >> you say that you are involved in care, but at the same time in your book, you report youth voter turnout. since 197140% in presidential elections, only 20% in the midterms. how do you put those two together? >> so i would note that those are historic turnouts in the 2018 turnout and almost guaranteed to increase in the 2020 election. i encourage all young people to register and vote. however there is a just connect by which were told if young people boats, then politicians will listen to them and that's a

reciprocal loop of disengagement that allows elected officials to advocate their democratic responsibility. in terms of not just young people but the electorate at large artificial should be working to be held accountable for a full range of constituents not just party and not just the party who voted for them. there is absolutely a missing lack of effort to bring young people into the fold to invite us to participate and draw senate make us aware of the elected to make us aware of how to be registering, to simplify the steps required to participate and that's among the most obvious mechanisms that are media gatekeepers have largely failed to invite young people landed to demonstrate to young people what it looks like to form political opinion from a foundation of fact and to act on them. i think a lot of us have actually are quite socially justice minded and we want to leave the world a better place than we found it. another interesting set of statistics is we are volunteering in huge numbers.

if you look at millennial volunteering statistics they are far higher than our boomer counterparts. were not voting but think of how much time is required for volunteering versus voting. it's a much bigger investment of energy. what is shifting now is there's a moment in political agency we hope we will look at that ultra stick instinct to a sense of -- >> lauren, how to start a revolution, were you criticized for being a young woman writing about politics and then having it published in teen vogue? yes. and i continue to be torn down and treated edits if i'm ridiculous and silly. after i publish that of ed i also went on fox news opposite tucker carlson and i didn't ra had extreme harassment. i was imparted with death and rape threats that took me to an

extreme breaking points and it occurred to me that then it regularly occurs to me that it sort of unreasonable for me to continue raising my voice. the hatred that i received, the hit pieces, the threats are an attack of my sanity and mental health they take a nap economic pole because they make money by my ideas and it's the exact reason why i continue to speak out. seeing a young woman expressing political political opinions acidic extremely difficult thing to do and i hope i am paving the way for more more young women to fill his sense of conviction. i actually made a specific.of continuing to present likeness and not being in a pantsuit and not working to moderate my vocal cryer my use of -- i think there is such a lack of people who have been socialized to the that young women are socialized

expressing serious political opinions and their spark bizarre pageantry that aligns to the way they dictate political respectability. i am trying in my book to help people click into the political awakening in my daily use of social media my platforms to demonstrate what it looks like to be young woman who is speaking up. >> can you give an example of what you mean by white supremacist patriarchs? >> what, i mean, by white supremacist paycheck agrees that you can turn on c-span and only see old white man making the loss in this country are that it tends to be older white men who are granted this automatic sense of respectability has broadcaster. there's all of this mysterious pageantry. and i sought most clearly after my interview on fox.

the interview and didn't tucker carlson talked about other posts i had written for teen vogue. i had written posted entertainment posted in addition to donald trump gas lighting american he said referencing those articles stick to the thigh-high boots, you're better than that. it was shocking at the moment and led to extreme harassment that no human being should have to endure. but it was bizarre secret rules that older white men are treated as respectable the more simple we to say that golf is so serious but male artisanal. >> in your book, you talk about before times. why do you mean by that? >> before donald trump was elected, i was under this spell. i believed in democracy as this abstract historical achievement. i was so convinced that we're living in a free country and i yet felt no actual rights to express my voice. i did not feel like my boys had any impact. i think many people are still under the spell where we all feel like is our vote doesn't

matter. we know about gerrymandering, and voter suppression yet the fourth of july continues to happen with fireworks every single year. were not actually free in this country because we don't feel as if our voices and our votes have any impact on policy. i looked at a study of my book from northwestern that studied almost 1800 policy proposals. he found the average american voice is statistically nonsignificant and policy. what that means is our government doesn't actually have the sent consensus of the governed and in the before times for me i was under the impression that democracy would keep moving us along like this magical self-cleaning litter box, protecting us from authoritarianism. protecting us from being meant i thought it would just keep getting better but i realized in my awakening moment that if it was to play a role and have a

part in government. >> your parents take a role in your book as well. >> yes. my parents voted for trump. and i did not know how to process my desire to believe that my parents are good people when they voted for him. we had a very strange relationship that eventually became estranged. i was doing research talking to young people about the political awakenings i said to them, we need to be able to have conversations that are uncomfortable. and we need to be able to have those foundation setbacks. we could come together and look at what is true and agree about what is true, talk about media literacy and have discussions

about what we believe out of compassion and patience then it's not that we need to disagree, we still don't. it's that we need to have these difficult conversations. i think too many people are shut down on people who disagree with them and said, i have a lot of extremely progressive beliefs. but with this book is what i am advocated for i don't want to convince people to believe what i believe. i want to convince people to think for themselves, think critically and still have these difficult conversations about politics because democracy is about building consensus from to pay. that means we have to actively build up the energy to have these difficult conversations and to empower ourselves for information that we are able to act as citizens had not continued to be guess that by the president of the united states but make now. you talk about coming back to family or be in a close eye italian american family in new

jersey. and, what is your relationship like today? is it back to parents and daughter? is it still threw the journalist prism. >> welcome on my relationship especially with my dad has evolved so much and i am so grateful for that. he has proved to be such a thoughtful, understanding, intuitive, kind person and i also came out earlier this year. and i wrote a piece about it for the magazine and when he read it he said, it says if you are tied by ropes that you did not know you are bound by. and i tied some of the knots and i did not even know. he said, i couldn't give a crap what box you're in but i put you in one and i didn't even realize it. in the way that he has worked to understand me from a very different background, in the days of okay boomer if you like my dad and i could go on a tour

of what kind of healing in connection is possible. even though we still disagree he still not a queer radical feminists who regularly calls me to ask my opinion and we are easily able to discuss politics and believe in each other is good people who ultimately want to better future for each other and those who come after us. >> lauren, speaking of that, it seems as if the whole country in a sense has been pretty polarized in those conversations have not been able to take place to make yes. so, i think there has to be a calculus about how you use your energy. when i and the book i make a call to action. i think you have to think about what it means to be a citizen. everyone register about. but beyond that it has to require daily democratic habits and i think that it meets

regularly interrogating the question of how we live together. and one option is interpersonal work.

>> they impact report was the most exciting part of my research. i interviewed incredible people including alexandria ocasio-cortez and many other people who had totally changed the lives run for office, from for nonprofits. i was feeling optimistic when people have undergone this transformation. the millennial impact report shows me that we can talk about this and demographic scale. in terms of a behavioral change young people are moving from passively navigating a broken system to actively seeking to change it. put the highest level of engagement that looks like running for office but at a lower level who is saying i have a right to follow local and national news and be informed and cast my boat and discuss

politics or contact my elected officials were a ten town hall or make political donations or attend a protest. but as for a specific behavioral this was, at the corbett was the same. it was just move from being a bystander to the status quo to say and we all need to partake a role in untangling the white supremacist and building equitable public power. >> here's the book. it's called how to start a revolution. young people in the future of american politics. laura duka is the author. >> thank you so much. >> thank you for being with us. live coverage of the miami book fair continues now. senator tom cotton, republican of arkansas set next talking about the history of arlington cemetery.

>> to make it, everyone. thank you. i am president of the wilson campus of miami-dade college. welcome to the wilson campus and from the 36 miami book fair. [applause] to make we hope you enjoy this book fair weekend. please remember that activities take place throughout the year and all over miami. we are grateful for the college of for the hundreds of volunteers that make it all possible for their generous support of the knight foundation royal caribbean zero hl foundation and the bachelor foundation, the two grew foundation and many other sponsors. that's here for all of those great people. especially the folks of apricot shirt doing all of that. >> we are also very grateful for their friends of the fair

program, are there friends of the fair prison? thank you. friends received multiple dental benefits during the fair while helping us build the community of readers and writers. please consider joining friends following the fair and social media are signing up for our newsletter. we will soon launch for new programs for youth and emerging writers in the months to come you'll hear more about the initiatives and how you too can take a part. now, i ask that you please silence your cell phone. at the end of the session we will have time for some q&a into our author has graciously agreed to sign copies of his book that would be past the elevators over here. it now to introduce our author i would like to bring forward former u.s. house of representatives former florida senator, respected attorney become a person highly engaged

in our community and the friends of the college, congressman lincoln deas. [applause] >> thank you, very much. it is a privilege for me to be here today to introduce a man that i have not met until today dance i already admired. senator tom cotton was a student at harvard law school on september 11, 2001. one of the most tragic venice day of the internation. on that day tom cotton made the decision that he was going to serve the united states in uniform on the front lines. after law school he joined the 101st airborne division of the u.s. army. when he volunteered for service the recruiter was taken by surprise. tom cotton the harvard law graduate did not wish to be a

jake lawyer, he wanted to be an infantry man, while serving here in the bronze star, the combat infantry man badge in the ranger -- he served in iraq and subsequently in afghanistan. after serving in iraq before serving in afghanistan he was assigned to the armies third infantry regiments. known as the old guard. the old guard is united states oldest active-duty regiment dating back to 1784. today, the old guard is a ceremonial unit performing full honor funerals and maintaining a 24 hour watch of the tomb of the unknown soldier among other very special duties. no institution is more respected in the united states of america than the military.

and no units in the u.s. military is more respected than the old guard. how appropriate indeed that senator cotton has a book in effect, attribute to the soldiers of the old guard. as senator cotton writes in the book he is presenting today, the old guard represents what is best in our military which itself represents what is best in us as a nation. today, it is my honor to introduce to you senator tom cotton in the discussion will be with another friend, mark. thank you, very much. [applause] smirked good afternoon everyone

and thank you for joining us today. a little bit later in this event we are going to have some questions for you in the audience. will ask you to keep them short. the no speeches but put your questions directly to congressman cotton. we tried to cover as much material as we can. senator thank you for your service termination both in the military into families service to our nation that goes back. we'll get to that in just a bit and of course your service in the united states senate. welcome to miami. >> thank you, mark and thank you to the miami-dade college for posting here. >> when you decided to make your commitment to the united states military, were you aware of the history that went with arlington? >> so. like a lot of people that have some understanding of american history. i knew that arlington and the old guard had their origins in the civil war. that it had been robert e lee's plantation to be exact it had been his wife's plantation and he had lived there with her

through their life, but i did not know all of the origins of it. i do not know for instance that arlington national cemetery was the first national tribute to george washington. that robert e lee's father-in-law, george washington custis had been they adopted child of george and martha in washington and he styled his home in arlington and opened it up to the public as a tribute to our nation's first president. i also did not appreciate the old guard history. the old guard is literally the old guard. it goes back to 1784 and has fought in every major war up through world war ii. it's only become a ceremonial unit since 1948. so i did not know that deep and rich history but i learned at altering the research for this

book and i hope everyone will enjoy that. >> is readers will find outcome of the senator not only serves in the ford theater, but then he comes back and you are doing this work and you are receiving the fallen as they come into dover. i asked you during our radio time today if the families were allowed to meet the fallen when they would come to dover and you said no, not until later to make yes, that's been a change since i was at the old guard. i served in 2,072,008. that was at the height of the surge in the first of 2007 the first eight or ten months. unfortunately, that meant that we had a lot of young soldiers who are being killed in iraq at the time in the got the responsibility of the earliest states of the iraq war for performing the dignified transfer of remains. so, we would go there an officer in charge and a six man casket team in a general officer as well who would be considered the distinguished visitor of the group to give you a sense of the priority of that mission. they would have been in the middle of the night because of the time zone change between the airbase in germany and the length of the flight.

and it was a mission that we performed as a right sacred duty almost every night in the first half, first two thirds of 2007 because of the number killed in action. now, by the time i left the old guard the following summer the submissions were much less frequent. but as you say, at the time families were not permitted there. it was a purely private event. it was a way for us as soldiers to honor those who had just fallen overseas sometimes just hours before. that changed in early 2009. as i write president obama the secretary of defense bob gates to review it and bob gates decided that it could be done in a dignified fashion in the air force really outdid itself. i went back to dover last summer to tour the facilities that was built since i was there. they have a fisher house on site for the families have the following a chapel and a prayer garden. the entire event now is organized around the families

comfort and their grieving and silver has -- lots of communities across community have a great uso and local support organizations but he pled sober really out to themselves. they take immense pride in the fact that they now support those families whether providing temporary babysitting services are warm coats for people that might be flying in from places like miami, special care for kids with special needs or things like that. it really is a tribute to our military and the degree to which we care for the families of the fallen. >> take us through the process so that our viewers and readers can understand, when the fallen have come in, you do sort of an inspection and there was a flake one of which you have kept the flake it is in your office. >> so things have changed a little bit over the years. in my day because there were so many aircraft moving in and out of the theater every day, every mission i perform come i

probably perform more than 30 of these dignified transfer mission with her fellow soldiers happened and what would look to you like a normal commercial aircraft. it was especially converted to handle cargo. it had different cargo but in the middle is for the transfer cases with the remains of the fallen heroes would rest. as the officer in charge i would be the first soldier on the aircraft and one of my jobs there was to inspect the american flags that recovering the cases. because they have to be held down by cargo straps and because working cargo aircraft and sometimes the flexibility damage may be a small tear or what have you we would remove the flakes of the air force would destroy them in accordance with regulation and replace with a new flake. on my last mission the summer 2008 there is a damage flake and i asked to keep it. i had my casket -- team folded.

so i could keep it with me as a reminder of those who had fallen in the line of duty to defend our nation going all the way back to the revolutionary war. it's one of my most treasured possession and adorns my senate office as a reminder to me and everyone who passes through the door why we do what we do. >> traditionally now did the flakes make their way back to the families of the following? >> not to my knowledge. the flake that the family receives is going to be the flake that is presented to them at arlington national cemetery or their local home cemetery if they choose to have their loved ones laid to rest at the home cemetery. now, the flakes it on the cases through the time and tovar may be the case that they stay on the whole way because as i write at no.in time an american servicemember killed overseas is that servicemember ever alone. they have battled buddies in the aircrew the pilots of the aircraft, there's a great young

americans who work at its over to the remains are properly processed and sensitive items are handled and transferred back to the family. they have their own reverse dignified transfer when they take the remains from a casket and put them onto the hearse or an aircraft at dover so they can be delivered to the family weather at arlington or any.across the globe. of course, the remains are always adorned with the drapes of the american flakes to make a very basic question, is anyone who served in the military entitled to be buried at arlington? >> the criteria are complex. they have changed a lot and they change repeatedly over 150 years. in fact, the army has proposed some changes to them now to make sure this cemetery will remain a working cemetery into the next century. the main categories of people eligible for inground internment is anyone who is killed in action received a purple heart,

brown start, anyone who receives or if they have a purple heart, anyone who received a silver star or higher metal in terms of battlefield decorations. those who have served 20 years or more and retired and honorable status. what can be done is increasingly, not just an cemetery but around the country is internment. and i was at the cemetery there were eight -- which are aboveground niches where you can put urns. they have since built more because more and more families civilian alike are choosing that practice because it puts the same kind of to man's on the grounds at arlington there is the criteria that you laid out its service on active duty are generally eligible for internment not necessarily for inground internment. >> in terms of your experience,

'2,072,008, by and large, this is a very solemn time, one of great responsibilities. i think you shared with me there were times in which the remains came in the middle of the night, it could be raining into over. it's a very dreary situation, how often come i think you said 30 times you're there for receiving, how secure is it even at night from intruders? >> very secure at dover air force base. like most military installations but especially there. dover is the biggest port of entry for our entire military. but it has been the port mortuary for 50 years, maybe 50 plus years now. so, they go to the greatest lengths to make sure that nothing will interfere with those operations had nothing will interfere with a dignified transfer. just like we did as well. as i said we would fly up on a black hawk helicopter from the pentagon that was if the weather

was good. but if the weather was bad or predicted to be bad we would drive up, there is one occasion in the winter of 2008 when i had a mission you have a duty roster so you know what days of the month you're on duty as a young officer. we had a mission coming in on thursday that was my duty day and on tuesday we left because they're supposed to be an ice storm intervening. and it reflects just what are priority our nation and therefore military puts on our fall and that they would take us out of funeral duty and sent us to dover air force base 48 hours early to sit there to make sure that when those remains arrived from germany that there was the proper contingent to honor them. we called it a no fail zero defect mission. under no circumstance what an aircraft lands without soldiers there ready to perform that dignified transfer. just like every one in the cemetery said no fail mission.

>> every one is tailored to those who have fallen can you share, we talked about the fact that it served overseas and here you do this. did it change the way that you reflect upon life and death upon doing this assignment? >> it's very poignant. to not only perform the mission set dover but to perform individually six or seven funerals a day or as a unit maybe 25 or 30 funerals a day. you see death and you see grieving in morning almost every single day, sometimes it would be a reminder of how close you may have come to having your dignified transfer or full honor service performed for you. it certainly is a sobering place. that's one reason why as i write in the book the soldiers even young privates have never served in combat take it so seriously. you can't help to imbue those from the earliest days at the old guard when you perform such a vital mission. an omission that you had brought

into from the very first day of basic training that we never leave a fallen comrade behind. that is not just going to pick up those wounded but making sure that we care for those in their families who died in the line of duty. i just month for instance another arkansan who died in 1943 was discovered and will be delivered back to their family. as i write the conclusion of sacred duty, the old guard sent soldiers to the korean peninsula last summer to help train the joint force that would have their on trying to transfer those 50 plus cases of remains that had recently been released from north korea. >> is the military and federal government state ahead of this in terms of the real estate? is there enough room to continue to memorialize those who have given their lives to our country? >> there should be. there's been a few changes in recent years. the army currently has proposals

about change in the criteria slightly and inground burial us opposed to internment. second, the old car with the right sacred duty just last year had a dedication funeral for the newest part of the cemetery up in the northwest corner it was 20 years in the making of land reclamation to a part of the cemetery. i should add that the two soldiers were two unknown soldiers from the civil war whose remains had been unearthed recently at the battlefield next to bull run. a place where the old guard itself had fought 150 years earlier. and third, a long-term solution to get the cemetery into the next century was a southern expansion into what is now columbia pike and the air force memorial. if all of that goes according to plan. i'm assuming no major wars or casualties on what we have had

or world war ii or world war i, the cemetery should remain an active function section cemetery into the next century. >> will woo readers of this book leme insight into what you think while you are doing this sacred duty and what your colleagues may have said two cents you serves to make there is a lot of behind the scenes moments. not just for me. this is a book i share my own experiences of the old guard. no no dumb. . . . .

>> which like the drum corps were those uniforms being the commander in chief guard back at the first president. so i spent a lot of time researching the book to give the inside story that they go through and the training. for 25 or 30 funerals. and then to represent normandy. >> so that military measure to

give him or her a rest of this duty to give them to recharge quick. >> i didn't get many rest but i was there. but there was a part due to the strain the war had put on the army. the old guard was a ceremonial unit for the last 71 years. that was a big shock if you were in the 2004 timeframe despite the strain moore's had put on to deploy one of their companies from ceremony on service duty they did it when i was there that's why we didn't have many rest or reset periods and then after i left and went to afghanistan charlie company was assigned

for the third time that's why we didn't have much in terms of rest and then one week out with individual officers like me now today what they try to do we don't have the same strain or as many troops overseas, soldier spent about one out of every four weeks the other three weeks they are at support company or tactical training 80 miles to the south to maintain infantry skills because everybody remains an infantry unit or where they

could give the soldiers leave administratively. >> is there an emotional component? thirty ceremonies in a day? >> as i write in sacred duty there is an effort to create distance between the soldiers in the family so for instance we don't get much of advanced knowledge of the soldier we lay to rest for you we get a mission sheet about 48 hours out service rank last name first initial. and reasons for burial or internment. the chaplains have the interaction with the family and speak to them about two or three weeks out to learn about the loved one who is passed and the family to make the appropriate remarks at the funeral. sometimes we do learn from the

chaplain through the family or about those we are laying to rest. even in 2007 probably two out of every three services we performed in this 71 - - cemetery was world war ii or korea or vietnam veteran. that's a different kind of funeral. when you are honoring a grandfather who served decades ago and came back home and lived a long productive life than if you are honoring a 23 -year-old who left behind a widow and two young children. those were obviously the hardest funerals standing there at the head of a casket looking at the firing party or the escort to see the grief on the face of the widow or the widower and the young children who don't understand what is

going on but know that something is wrong they will not see their mom or dad again. >> and want to ask about your family what is the impression your grandfather and father made on you if you decided to join the military. >> i cannot say that my parents were real happy that i quit my law practice to join the army. my father had been a 24 -year-old infantry private in vietnam. he married my mother right before he left because they want to be married before combat so the army will take care of the family of something happen so she was a 21 -year-old newly married woman who was back home by herself. they understood the strain being the army can place on the family and the danger of the soldier but they came around eventually now my dad

is in veterans organizations and is very active with the state veterans commission. it's not something they push me into but teaching me about patriotism and respect those who serve and do your duty and the kind of things that cause me to choose to leave the law practice to join the army. as we were attacked on 9/11. >> just to wrap that up, we will take questions in a moment but one term in the house and in the united states senate that's a very fast rise. how do you feel politically quick. >> like i'm getting older and older. my son the other day discovered a white hair and was very amused. i.c.e. felt old last year back with the soldiers as i write in sacred duty the sentinels in particular seem to be especially young, young men

and women going to arlington national sick - - cemetery even though i was the youngest senator there for a while but it is a great honor to serve again in a different capacity but i am very blessed the people of arkansas trust me in the united states senate that's not many people have been able to do and a great opportunity to make a differenc difference. >> what is it like to represent one of the most sought after states for retirement? arkansas is the new florida. >> we are very happy for all of you floridians who want to move to arkansas. the taxes may not be as good but we do have a lot of midwestern retirees in particular that move down they

are a lot closer to kids and grandkids when they come to hot springs village or points in between. >> because of the nature of this topic i'm trying not to go too much into current issues we are facing and we know what those are but i just want to ask our constituents saying we want something done whether infrastructure, tax reform or healthcare quick. >> i hear that almost every weekend just last weekend i was with a group of very partisan republicans it was a very partisan event and dominating social media or cable news they worried about the mexico canada greek agreement which is vital for manufacturers they are worried we haven't passed the defense bill yet for all of those who are veterans or have young

sons or daughters serving in the military right now. they are very worried we don't have a spending bill to keep the government funded beyond one month at a time. the kitchen table issues that most normal people arkansas in florida and points in between not the political excesses in washington. >> let's go to the audience. >> thank you for your service to our country. my question is i'm hoping you have an opportunity listening to the hearings that have been going on with the intelligent service people to our country as well. are you prepared to do your constitutional duty to uphold the constitution and our democracy and not put your party first?

[applause] >> that's what i aim to do every single day in the united states senate to do my duty to our constitution and the right people of arkansas. the party can be wrong it has been in the past for good actually i have not been watching the ins and outs of the hearing every single day i have other responsibilities i have to attend to in the senate and all those in arkansas are disappointed with the party line votes and they are worried it is distracting from those issues i just discussed like passing the mexico canada agreement or the defense spending bill. i don't know the house but we will see what they do and they get back from thanksgiving recess. >> senator the lieutenant

colonel zinman is entitled to be interred in the ground when he passes at arlington. as a fellow combat veteran do you support his continuing service to the country as he has done over the past several weeks quick. >> yes especially for someone who received the purple heart and being wounded in combat. i don't know the ins and outs of his personnel record but obviously he has served in honorable fashion for many years to reach the rank of lieutenant colonel if he wants to keep being employed that i am sure that's the case. >> they only give us a few minutes. >> no speeches just ask a question. >> thank you for your service. can you speak to your military colleagues in the senate of pardoning multiple soldiers

this week of another contradiction of what the military has chosen for them quick. >> i don't know the particulars of those cases legally i understand why the commander-in-chief would want to show leniency to someone who has served in combat theater either - - even if they make mistakes or commit crimes i do believe it is important to maintain discipline and from what i saw for my time in the military that people that are focused on soldiers marines and airmen so while i would refrain commenting from particular cases because i don't know all the facts i have faith in our commanders and military justice system to do the right thing in those particular cases. >> does the system allow for

follow-up? so with that final decision of internment do they look at the military career quick. >> you cannot have a dishonorable discharge even if you meet the other criteria. >> my dad and five uncles fought in world war ii one of them was shot down as a pow in fascist germany. and to be in the shadow of the freedom torch and a representative of arkansas representative by fulbright i am wondering with the fascist in the white house would have to do to stand up to the president in the white house today.

>> what an audience. [laughter] [applause] >> first your family's esteemed record of service to our nation. we may have a slightly different perspective. i would ask what has he done in office that starts fascism across the united states? there's no decision to adhere t to, he has consistently acted in what he sees as the national interest of the united states there are times that i disagree one of the major bills they pass last year was criminal justice reform bill that i thought was too lenient on serious villains. voted against the president and his initiatives if i think it's not the right thing for my state and our country. that said i will support him if i think he is right and if

he's wrong i will try to change his mind. i will always do i think is in the best interest of our state and our country. that's where i have approach the job and with the last administration as well. remember my boss is not washington is those that i serv serve. >> it's amazing the media has left out the story of the defense bill that has not been passed but we are frozen in place and the chinese are building a warship every month. does that disturb you quick. >> yes china has serious long-term plans that don't have the senate to filibuster we've been filibustered twice or three times already this year. when i'm home in arkansas i hear people worried about the people's business not being done whether defense bill or mexico canada or a host of issues. >> is healthcare in there anywhere quick. >> i wish it were.

i don't see major healthcare legislation being passed in the next 12 months what causes the most anxiety and stress is the cost of healthcare especially here in florida also with prescription drugs are things we have done to address some of that a lot of work has yet to be done. >> they all went to see a new infrastructure bill will that happen quick. >> it's hard to foresee common ground with less than one year left before election. >> i read a lot of history and one thing i feel is looked over are the parallels between afghanistan and vietnam and it worries me we are exploiting the afghan he government and negotiating with the taliban in. sort of like 1975 and if pakistan goes the way of

cambodia that worries me. what is your perspective on this issue quick. >> i very much understand all those americans who feel agnostic by the war in afghanistan. we are to the point now someone could have been born after 9/11 and be serving today in afghanistan. i understand that. also it is true afghanistan is a land from which 9/11 was planned and it still has on the pakistan border the highest concentration of foreign terrorist organizations through al qaeda, islamic state for any place in the world so there's a reason we still have a few thousand troops left in afghanistan to try to ensure that the presence they are cannot repeat the attacks of

9/11. i don't think anyone would like more to have us come out of afghanistan but we need to make sure we have a peaceful negotiated settlement between all the parties that does include the tele band but also the government of afghanistan that is duly elected by the people. >> we could continue this discussion the senator has agreed to sign copies of his new book teethree thank you for joining us here senator tom cotton. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> book tv live coverage of the miami book festival continues. in 15 minutes you will hear from former un ambassador, us ambassador to the un, susan rice talking about her new book. in the meantime we are joined

onset by author and pulitzer prize winner journalist leonard pitts his most recent book the last thing you surrender a historical novel but before we get into the book while we were sitting here chatting, several people stop and talked with you. what is your connection to the city of miami quick. >> the miami herald they have been reading me since before when i was a critic with michael bolton and whitney houston. [laughter] for better or worse. >> do you still write for the herald quick. >> yes sir. i live in maryland does that make it difficult to write about miami quick. >> i am more concerned with

the larger american story what faces the nation emotionally and morally. >> the characters of your new book the last thing you surrender who are they and how did they meet quick. >> is based on the uss oklahoma when george is injured and then his life is saved as the ship's capsizing. >> you are looking at world war ii? >> yes. to talk about the race war and my piece is that we already had a race war but nobody claims that but if you look

like the bolsheviks and the japanese on the pacific and america that went into the military and having race riots i think we are already in a race war. because nobody claims that as that. >> what did you discover that you did not expect to? >> that the power to subvert even our own self-interest. and the riots from mobile

alabama that outlines for at least one week as shipyard at the height of the war providing material to the men who are fighting the war and the ability to do that was compromised because they were fighting about race because the workers got to pay on - - work with the highest paying jobs. but then to make us work against ourselves. >> described george and gordy. >> i don't think he gets too worried that he is in the navy george is never really seen him but in a lot of ways it is

a blind spot. but then gordy died saving his life because then he realized they are from the same hometown and i never saw him but yet he had more courage than i do and more resources and he saved my life. >> how did that change them? that he could see that geordie will not burn across on your

line. but they are thinking of the next war because that's the way it is done. and i don't think he realized it before he died saving him it was an awakening with that moment what is the secret or your technique for writing political fiction quex. >> historical fiction is a small detail. so for me it's not so much the research by finding out what happens that's a matter of record but how it is felt it

with those things that are going on in this is off point everybody knows that doctor king was assassinated in alabama at the lorraine motel. and i don't know why but i like having small details in the boo book. >> two characters come in early in the last thing that you surrender it is thelma and luther. >> luther is his brother thelma is approached by george

and two other points that what gordy did so essentially the government wants to use propaganda with the information to do it. he's a very angry and bitter man because of his mother and father were lynched with a horrific murder. and he was barely three years old cannot remember it but luther cannot forget it. he's an alcoholic everybody's signs up to fight for the war but he doesn't know how to

defend america that is part of a story to find out what to fight for teeseven his father served in world war i. >> what allows the soldiers to come back from the war is they found they were open to the idea of african-americans and to serve with dignity and then after the war of 1990 with a horrific black violence of black men as they were lynched even in uniform but it's all part of the same thing with the whole idea that you know

your place go you were in france you had freedoms that you are back here in alabama and mississippi that you know where you belong. teeseven world war ii era that is looked at the beginning of the modern civil rights era. did you find that to be true? >> yes we look at the beginning of the civil rights era but a lot of people have said african-americans say we have had enough at least up through vietnam or beyond african-american women with the idea that if we are willing to shed blood for our

country and people will accept us as full-fledged americans by the end of world war i and world war ii. and he seemed disappointed to go back to the revolution and demanding of change. >> how does world war ii era race relations compared to today? >> we are seeing evidence of the fact that we took our eyes off the ball thinking everything was okay and we have overcome and we shall overcome and we have overcome. and now at this point we are reaping the results and then we took the eyes off the ball

now we are seeing blowback and retrenchment. it amazes me in 2019 i am writing an article about separation of voting rights. i should not have to write that 54 years after the voting rights act. but that is where we are. >> where did you come up with the title? >> it is moral and spiritual that it refers to george that is one of the worst ordeals anybody can face and the circumstances for that.

so it comes down with the segregation teeseven are your previous books historical novels quex. >> three out of four r, one of them i went back and forth between the present and the seventies. the second novel takes place right after the civil war and then goes back and forth through 1968 with the king assassination and 2008 with barack obama teeseven this is a pretty thick book so you are not only writing characters but also true histor history. is at double the workload

quex. >> only in the sense when you write fiction you need to make sure you get it right. it is much more so in this book i have never served so i have that obligation even more than what i would normally feel to make sure that no book and then to go for the diagram that i want to make sure somebody who knew war and what that was about or disgusted and that their experience was cheapened in any way. and i want them to say i did a

lousy job. >> the research took two years but then you are deep into the chapter they didn't know you were going to write about in the beginning so now you have to research and write at the same time teeseven leonard pitts junior the last thing you surrender thank you for being our guest here in miami. >> my pleasure. >> live coverage will continue in a moment a little later in the day we will hear what you are reading we often present authors but it's important for us to hear what you are reading and we will be showing the text and tweets that you send us a little later on the air if you want to send us a text of what you are reading here is how you do it.

(202)748-8003. send a text and include your name and city and the name of the book and the author so we can use that later on the tv. live coverage at the miami book fair continues former un ambassador tough love is the name of her book live coverage on book t tv. [inaudible conversations] conve]

[inaudible conve rsations] [inaudible conversations]

>> good afternoon everyone. thank you. good afternoon i'm president of the campus at miami-dade welcome to our 36 miami book fair. [applause] we hope you enjoy this book fair please remember the activities take place all year long all through miami we are

grateful to the college and hundreds of volunteers and the generous support of royal caribbean, meredith foundatio foundation, the bachelor foundation and many other sponsors. also thank you two friends of the fair. thank you. [applause] friend see multiple then if the loan - - but if it's - - benefits all year round. thank you for signing up with social media we will launch new programs for youth of emerging writers you will hear more and how you can be a part of these initiatives as well. please silence your cell phon

phone. at the end of the session there'll be time for questions and those cards that are being distributed with a pencil so please write your question on the card it will be collected for q&a. and now to introduce our author please welcome the managing partner thank you. [applause] >> welcome everyone. i am the managing partner of a commercial law firm it is an exciting project in her regio region. i have the pleasure and honor to introduce ambassador rice and tom healy. ambassador rice is currently distinguished visiting research fellow at the school

of international service at american university. nonresident at the bill for center for international affairs and harvard kennedy school government. and a contributing writer for the new york times. and her memoir tough love ambassador rice spans her career on the front lines of diplomacy as one of the assistant secretary in the clinton administration and the national security advisor to president barack obama. and us ambassador to the united nations a mother and wife and daughter and to also see baseball and football.

[laughter] tom healy is an outstanding writer leading the brooklyn conference at the brooklyn museum at the backend of miami beach animal spirit and the right hand and knows. put your hands together for tom healy and susan rice. [applause]

>> there is a lot of love in this room susan. >> thank you for coming out everyone. [applause] tom, thank you for doing this. >> thank you for coming to miami they arrived half an hour ago. [laughter] she made an entrance. i would set it up why is a poet introducing a diplomat but that is because we are friends and we have been with our spouses for a long time now. and actually i wanted to start by taking us back almost ten or 11 years ago to something that was red for president obama's inauguration and she

writes we encounter each other with that whisper and that is love. to talk to us about toughness and love. >> it is how my parents raised me my husband and i have tried to raise our kids and that is how i try to serve our country. with someone you love they are not doing what they are supposed to do if you care you will tell them and to bring them to a better place and that has been so valuable to me professionally and personally but the back story

with full disclosure i like so many authors was wrestling with my title exactly what the right thing was and tom and i would have dinner from time to time and we would brainstorm titles and nothing quite fit until one night we are at a dinner party tom and his husband fred were hosting and tough love came right off your list is the perfect and calculation so he deserves credit to make me realize tough love. [applause] and as soon as he said it going back and forth i said that is absolutely it. so thank you, my friend to. >> thank you. i want to start with the whole

process of writing. start by telling everybody about the wooden barrel. >> i'm a national security advisor and un ambassador i haven't spent as much time in the latter parts. and then to put their names on to the president or whoever. but yet going back to my time in high school when my passion was writing poetry. >> so you will be back. >> i wanted the story to be told in my own voice but the process was to go back and excavate emotionally and psychologically my family

history my childhood with those happy and painful moments of the childhood. and all of the factors that went into shaping that my father went back to europe and it served as my nightstand every time i got a piece of paper or a letter or report card something that was significant to me? and i never opened it to look at what was in it.

and then when i began to write the book it is the archaeological dig of my life before e-mail. [laughter] and i had a letter from a grandmother to tell me that she loved me. i had no idea i still have that or if i ever had it frankly. so that was part of the paper trail that was the primary source my parents passed when i was serving in the obama administration. they had huge caches of papers from those depositions that were horrific to go through from photographs and personal letters in all of that i had never had the opportunity to look through so the historian and be that i could draw

through with my own personal upbringing. >> it is eloquent so your parents are not here for this but i know you have a lot of support from your kids and husband and your brother how do you answer quex. >> if they're still talking to me. [laughter] it's very personal in many respects. i found some painful truths about myself and my past as extraordinary human beings with pretty broad detail of what that was like and how that affected me with a custody battle i talk about my

kids and their health challenges and my daughter who experienced hallucinations over a period of months during the sunday show appearances in 2012 after the benghazi attack and that i talked about my son and his health challenges as a child and now his personal political evolution to evolve into a quite conservative republican. [laughter] my daughter is fine. [laughter] [applause] they are actually both wonderful kids with different political perspectives so at the dinner table we try to

keep the food from flying. everybody. so next week will be interesting. [laughter] >> talk about that because clearly it is a lesson for politics because divisions happen with your parents politically dramatic differences with your son and you but yet it is clear in the book wrestling with that to bring you together it goes from your personal life. >> i haven't thought of it quite that way but you are right. the experience of my parents breakup affected me in a lot of different ways and in some

ways it made me more resilient to actually make a conscious decision i would not let it pull me down because i was the little firefighter who would come downstairs in the middle of the night when they were fighting to break it up and even mediate between them to those negotiating skills i didn't know i would need later on but it also gave me a fierce commitment to having a whole family. so fast forward to where we are as parents first of all i was terrified about getting married because i was fearful i would fail as my parents had and that would be a huge disservice to my children we have been married thankfully 27 years.

[applause] and also fiercely determined that despite those policy differences that happen within the family we love each other we are committed to each other and we will not let those differences divide us. and i talk about the personal side of my life in the professional side and how they intersect. is not what you can easily separate. and the work that i have done to bridge those differences to reconcile those negotiations to figure out a path forward as we negotiate the security council it has been a hallmark

of my experience. but i do write in the book in the last chapter called bridging the divide, not only about the personal divide within the family but as a microcosm of what we deal with nationally. along the ideological lines i argue the domestic divisions are our greatest national security vulnerability because it is preventing us from doing the most basic things to remain competitive investing in infrastructure because we can't keep the government ope open. we cannot do the basic things that competitors like china take for granted and we see every day adversaries like

russia work through social media to exacerbate the divisions among us depict americans against each other by literally spitting up extremist views on both sides of every issue whether race or immigration or guns. that that they do every day on social media just read the paper you will see how powerful and cunning that is and how we fall for it. >> you have an op-ed in the times. [laughter] to talk about that you want to ask two things and also more broadly your role with the

administration during this time what does it mean to be engaged in opposition quex. >> i will enter the last part first. but i did not set out to have a role of discourse after leaving the administration. if not such an insane period of time i would've happily faded into the background and wrote my book and all of that but donald trump started it in march 2017. but my parents always told me don't start a fight but don't take the crap that was my

father's mantra and then it becomes a challenge. that what is happening that is so profoundly disturbing we are losing muscle memory for what is normal. it is it normal to have first of all no press conferences from the white house but the president himself just goes out every day on the south lawn and lies. it's not normal for the white house to interfere in the ongoing justice department investigations. remember watergate? are so many aspects of what is happening that i feel something of a responsibility of the national security sphere to remind all of us

that what decision-making is supposed to look like and what those interests are as opposed to personal and political interest guiding us to remind us we have allies we invest in for a reason. that we are clear eyed about our opponents for a reason. >> i want to touch on that but in the book talk about the national security profit and that emphasis is on that process that you bring together officials and principal meetings that you elaborate well but what is clear is the response.

talk about the process now. >> say that again. [laughter] >> but it is a fundamental argument that the seat of the pants that is resistance to the elites and intellectual approach to problems. . . . . >> no, you can't and nor can his particular, you know, no

individual alone can fix it and since 1947 when the national security act was passed and created the national security council where the president's cabinet officials convened to make recommendations to the president and assessing the risks and benefits and reviewing the intelligence available, and that process held through every administration democrat and republicans until now. and it doesn't mean that the process always yields good decisions. you can -- obviously that's not the case, but you can be damn sure without it, you're not going to have good decisions because you will not have considered carefully the benefits and the disadvantages of various courts. you will not have enlisted the expertise and the knowledge and

the perspectives of the various experts and the agencies that have, you know, wisdom to bear, whether you're talking about china or iran, or russia or how to deal with the ebola epidemic. the stories that i tell of challenges we faced in the obama administration, and what's happened now under president trump, particularly, the most dramatically when john bolton was national security advisor, the process was abandoned. there were no longer these regular meetings of the cabinet level principles, much less those below them to feed options. everything broke down and then you have a president who really, to add, you know, insult to injury, can care less what is recommended to him. so in a way, we'd be better off with a functioning process, but in this unique circumstance we have a president who just decided that he alone will fix

it or he alone will decide it or he alone will screw it up. and that's how we have such crazy outcomes as inviting the taliban to camp david on 9/11. or literally being 10 minutes from striking iran. having the war planes in the air and then turning them around. or withdrawing our forces from syria overnight and leaving our kurdish partners completely naked. and then now, literally now, russian forces are occupying our bases. the russian flag is now flying over bases that you paid for as taxpayers. >> and 10,000 isis-- >> prisoners are now not being well-guarded and hundreds have

escaped. so, this -- that's how when you have no process and one man thinks that his rit is all that matters, you get chaos and the op-ed i wrote today very quickly was really on the impeachment inquiry and what have we learned after two weeks, i'd say we've learned four things, one in a nutshell that all the evidence reinforces what was in that perfect phone call transcript, which is that the president extorted from the ukrainian president information or tried to get information about his political rival, joe biden, and withheld military assistance which ukraine desperately needed because it's in a hot war with russia, and the white house visit which the new president of the ukraine needed to reinforce negotiating hands

with the russians, for this dirt or alleged dirt that doesn't exist on joe biden. that's clear. secondly, we learned just how extraordinarily talented and committed and patriotic are the civil and foreign service and uniformed military. [applaus [applause] >> i was so privileged to serve of alongside these men and women for 16 years and i can't tell you the pride that i and all of us feel in them. thirdly, we've learned that the republican party has decided that it is the party of its own political self-interest and no longer the national interest. and that pains me to say. it's not in keeping with their traditions and their principl principles, but they've clearly decided that they're going to ignore the facts in order to,

you know, distract and tar those that have brought forth damaging evidence on the president and then finally, who benefits from all of this? louder. [laughter] >> absolutely. russia. russia. we have sitting members of congress, senators, we now know as of today who have been briefed by the intelligence community that this ukraine manufactured diversionary story that they somehow worked with the democrats in 2016, not the russians or in addition to the russians, it's completely made up and guess who made it up? russia. >> yeah. >> and the senators know that. >> they do. >> members of the house know that and they're still

propagating that lie. so that is a big and very depressing take away. >> so you, in the op-ed you said there are four points, they're not all bad. only one of the four was not bad. that was about the foreign service. >> right. >> and i want to focus on something good with that because i actually worked for susan. i chaired the full rights scholar program and it was part of a diplomacy effort of engaging citizens around the world and sharing notice in the arts and science and things together. so i met many of these same foreign service officers and ambassadors and we -- the obama administration spent a lot of time in ukraine doing public diplomacy and reaching out to the refugees from crimea. there are real stakes to this.

but on the positive side with these great foreign service officers, one of the things you write about beautifully in the book is your effort in this gathering of data and opinions and expertise was there were far too few voices of diversity in the history of the foreign service and at those decision making processes and you came to miami here actually to announce a program about that. could you talk a little about that? >> yes, so in 2016 in the spring, i came to fiu and i shared for the first time publicly the work that we've been doing inside the obama administration aimed at increasing diversity in the national security work force. and not just the foreign service, the civil service, the defense department,the uniformed, intelligence committee, law enforcement because the national security

agencies are actually substantially less diverse in terms of race, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, you name it. every mention of diversity and certainly gender diversity, then is the overall federal service more broadly. and we cared about that not just as a matter of principle or policy preference. we, in the obama administration, and president obama himself, viewed having diverse talent around the national security decision making tables, to be itself a national security imperative. and the reason is, whether you're in government or in the corporate boardroom or in the nonprofit sector, all the studies show that better decisions derive from more diverse decision makers. and the evidence is irrefutable. and when it comes to national

security, when you're interacting with peoples and countries and issues that are so complex and involve the entire world and we have literally the most diverse country on earth. we have people here from every corner of the earth with every perspective and every language and if we're not harnessing that talent, we're dealing with the world's challenges with one hand tied behind our back. and so, we pushed hard to change that, to have real data collected, real metrics about hiring and retention, and to enlist the leadership of the agencies who are extremely willing to participate in this enthusiastic, to join in that effort. and it was a substantial and important initiative which i do write about in the book. i'm not sure it's being sustained today. >> i would say no. [laughter] >> all right, so, i'm getting a signal that i have so many

things that i want to ask you, but i'm getting the signal it's time to bring in the audience to ask some things. but one last thing for me to ask you to talk about is where the hell is british columbia? >> british columbia. the first time i heard of british columbia, it was my first week of my freshman year at stanford university and i was in a dorm with freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors, and the upper classmen had thrown an ice cream social for us freshmen and i saw this really handsome, tall warm-eyed curly haired guy across the room and he essentially came up and started talking to me and he says to me, where are you from? and i said i'm from washington d.c. and i says, so where are you

from? and he says british columbia. and i'm thinking, you know, i know i had a good education, but where the hell is british columbia? i'm not saying this allowed. i'm thinking to myself. okay, deduction, colombia is in south america. [laughter] >> there's british giana, and i say to my now husband, is that in south america? and he looks at me like i'm the biggest idiot he's met at stanford. he says, no, dryly, it's in western canada. and i tell that story on myself. >> you do. >>, but the higher i rose in the diplomatiic ranks, the more mileage ian got out of that

story. >>, but i wanted to end my questions on a story of love. let's open it up. i'm sure there are questions that are mics-- >> oh, i have the questions. >> thank you to everyone who submitted questions. we have time for about three or four. and so over to you, tom. >> okay. what role do you see for yourself in the reconstruction of this country? i find we've been set back 150 years. >>. [laughter] >> well, we all have a role in the reconstruction of this country and it starts -- [applaus [applause] >> it starts at the ballot box. [applaus [applause] >> we have to bring back normal responsible leadership

that is governing in the national interest, not in self-interest. and we all can do that and if we do do that. i will, you know, serve in any capacity that i think i can be helpful in, whether that's in government or outside, i don't know. know. but we're-- the work of restoring our national cohesion and our global leadership is work that's going to be many years to do. and if we aren't able to start a year from now, quite frankly, i'm not sure we'll be able to dig out. so let's get this done, y'all. [applaus [applause] >> here is a question i love. now that he has his twitter feed back, what message do you have for john bolton?

>> don't be a chicken sh -- [applaus [applause] >> he knows this is not right. i don't agree with much of anything, i barely know him. but i know enough to know that he knows this is wrong and to the extent he has not been willing to say so and let the people, the career people under him testify under the threat of death and he's not come forward, it's-- >> shameful. >> worse than shameful. what was your toughest choice during the obama administration? >> i mean, by definition the

issues that came to my desk and therefore went on to the president's desk were the toughest issues. the easier ones got resolved at lower levels. i write about a number of issues we wrestled with in the obama administration and how we wrestled with them and i say in the book, the hardest collection or constellation of issues in my judgment and our time revolved around syria. and you know, there were different elements to those questions. should we fight isis? yes, that wasn't a hard one. should we use military force in response to the use of chemical weapons consistent with president obama's so-called red line without congressional authorization? the president decided not. but then negotiated the removal of the bulk of the chemical

stock pile and its destruction. i dissented on that and i thought he should go ahead without congressional authorization and how we deliberated on that and really, the third and the hardest issue which we wrestled with for years and disagreed on quite substantially internally, whether or not the united states ought to intervene in some fashion militarily in the syri syrian war in with assad and topple-- and as painful as regional security responsibility, president obama consistently decided it was not ultimately in our national interest, weighing the totality of the factors to put u.s. forces into a ground war in syria to topple assad because that's what it would have actually taken, and as hard as that choice was, i

actually agree with it, even in retrospect. retrospect. >> can you imagine the possibility of a republic black female president? >> yes. >> yeah, we could get your son up here to-- >> he's not female yet. [laughte [laughter] >> okay. i'm going to be in so much trouble for that. >> yes, you are. but i want to-- >> no, no seriously, condi rice could conceivably run for president. she's apparently thought about it or talked about it. >> you have to tell about your sister condi rice in china. >> she is not my sister. >> no, i know. >> and she's a colleague and someone i've known since i was

an undergraduate. >> host: and people used to confuse you, too. >> my mother used to get so pissed when people would come up and ask if she was candy rice's mother. she could not stand that. [laughter] >> anyway, my first trip to china as national security advisor, when i went solo without president obama, i went actually to meet with my chinese counterparts and actually it was president xi jinping to prepare for a summit meeting between president obama and president xi and i had all of these big long meetings and formal stuff and television cameras for cctv and on the nightly news they report that national security advisor susan rice met with president xi today in the great hall of the people and the photograph up there is condi's picture. [laughter]

>> and i was like, all right. they think we all look alike. in china. >> this is not happening. [laughte [laughter] >> so, to that story, there are so many beautiful things in this book, but there's one passage that i was really shocked and hurt by that you make into a story of extraordinary healing and this is with your high school basketball coach. so can you talk about that experience and hearing from her 30 years later? >> i had an extraordinarily wonderful young high school basketball coach who-- >> and what's your nickname? >> spo.

>> for sport. >> in the book there's a picture of me playing basketball in high school. don't be confused, it looks like i know what i'm doing, like i've got real hops in the jump shot. not so much, actually, but my coach was tremendous and she was probably no older than 21 is or 22. she came from a very large working class background in new jersey. she was coaching kids at an elite girls school in washington d.c. you know, many of these kids really never had their asses kicked before and she was one of these hard core, no-kidding coaches back in the early days of women's sports who really pushed us, and i loved her and she was wonderful. and i write about in the book how one day on those sidelines,

the team is sort of gathering and out of the blue, she looks at me and just says, n-calls me n--- and i looked at her and said f-you and that's it, and we moved on. i have never cursed out a teacher before or since. and she never said-- it wasn't delivered with malice, it was clearly something that she had heard growing up, and she just said it and as soon as she said it, she knew how wrong it was because i made clear how wrong it was, and that was the end of it. and we continued to have a wonderful relationship and i think the world of her, but it was a kind of one of those jarring moments where you realize that we come from, all of us from different

perspectives and what you may not mean to be hurtful because she wasn't real at all-- really at all to hurt me. s she was young and went on to different coaching experiences and i lost contact with her sadly because in the early years after leaving, she would write me letters from time to time and very encouraginencoura within the few months after benghazi when i was still being almost daily publicly pilloreyed, a wonderful letter came from this coach, i'm sorry if i ever hurt you, i didn't mean to. i so admire you and respect you and always keep you in my prayers. that letter means the world to me, i've kept it, reestablished

contact with her and of the many many people that i look to in my upbringing who really were influential in a positive way, she's very near the top of the list. she kicked my ass when i needed to be kicked and taught me to be a competitor and taught me to throw an elbow when i had to and play good defense. >> and i hope that letter of healing went into the barrel. >> absolutely, absolutely. >> well, thank you, susan. >> thank you all. [applause] >> thank you. you know -- [inaudible

conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> and book tv's live coverage of the miami book fair continues. coming up at 3 p.m. this afternoon historians rick adkinson and brenda wineapple talks about their books. rick atkinson "the british are coming", a book about the american revolution and brenda, a book about "impeachers, the trial of andrew jackson", that's coming up at 3 p.m.ment we have a couple of call-ins in the meantime.

we want to know what you're reading. we want your texts, send that in, include your name is city, 202-748-8003. tell us what you're reading and we're going to be reading those a little bit later on the air. but as i mentioned, we have a couple of call-ins, joining us now is notre dame professor patrick denean. here is his book, "why liberalism failed." professor, first of all, if you would, define liberal democracy for us in your view. >> sure. i'm sure many of your listeners when they hear the word lib early or liberalism, they will think of the left side of the political spectrum what we think of progressive. i mean a political operating system of the west, of the united states, britain, europe, the political philosophy that

was begun about 500 years ago that gave rise to our constitutional order and in particular the stress upon individual rights, the government's role in essentially either directing those rights if you have a more libertarian view for making it possible for you to have the full employment of the rights if you have a more progressive view. in either event, the purpose is to provide liberty or protect liberty. and part of the argument on my book, this purposeness, this is undermin undermined, the very system that brought rise to. >> we'll get into this. but can republicans, democrats, progressives, conservatives, do they all consider themselves to be liberal democrats in the generic sense? >> yeah, part of what i'm trying to argue in the book, basically what we think of as our -- the span of our political spectrum is basically occupied by right-leaning liberals and left-leaning liberals or has been until very

recent times. so what we've seen in the west is largely a debate within the frame of liberalism. i think we're entering an age where that may be coming to an end. >> you write, in fact, that liberalism has failed, not because it fell short, but because it was true to itself. explain that. >> the idea of the liberation of the individual, which in many ways underlies, the early philosophy of liberalism, thinkers like john locke or jon stewart mills. the project of freeing people in many ways, has succeeded. that that people are more free of each other and more free of the kinds of institutions in which human life once thought of as essential to a flourishing life. so we think of this not only in terms of what robert putnam writes about, bowling alone, our liberation from

associations, our liberation from religious traditions, our freedom from whatever inheritance we might have as a matter of tradition or custom, but increasing our freedom from family, from marriage, from each other and in many ways, liberal democracy, it seems to me, it may be, and i think that it has been the case that it requires those kinds of institutions that help to train us in forms of dialog, how to disagree with one another. and it's the decline of those relationships that somehow parks successful liberalism. but marks its failure, its crisis. >> you write here though that part of liberal democracy's goal was to get rid of the old social order and we've built a new social order. >> we have built a new social order. in many ways that social order is meant to replace a lot of the older institutions that i just mentioned. you could say in one sense it's

done that, done that through the expansion of especially the modern liberal state, replaces a lot of, well, the institution's one you could rely on, for assistance, for care, when you fall short, they might lift you up, your neighborhood, your church, your family. but in other respects those-- let's say the institutions of the state or the global are depersonalizing forces. some could say we're freer than before, but we also feel more alone than ever before and we feel in some ways the institutions that are to help us are not that we can rely upon or trust. you see this rising mistrust of the various institutions that are supposed to foster and support us in the time of freedom. >> 202-748-8200 if you live in east and central time zone.

48-8 48-8201. if you want to talk about the recent book, why liberalism failed. we can take your social media comments@book tv for facebook, twitter and instagram. e-mail is book tv at c-span.org. in your book you write the narrowing to our-- rendering us capable to figure out what we face today is not a set of discrete problems, solvable, but a systemic challenge arising from pervasive individual-- >> did i write that? >> it's in the book. >> now it captures exactly what i'm talking about. the narrowing of ur personal horizon, what i mean by that, the way you view-- at least in recent history, and

spa of a debate, were that's libertarian academics, against more libertarian social forms, the defense of the individual freedom, especially in personal life, sexual life and so forth so that we've divided the worlds between two kinds of liberalism. one of which gave special place to the market. one of which gave special place to the states. in many ways what this debate has led us to believe, is that this spans the possible views of what should constitute normal politics. since i published the books, we're seeing a frame of reference outside of that. a settled debate within the liberal frame and now it's debated, the frame itself. it seems across the world i'm in london, the debates over

brexit, and trump in the united states, all question within the liberal democracies, whether or not the liberal assumptions are themselves viable. >> so self-government is ailing. you could say that and one other thing, liberalism did not support. kickly if the end in person of liberalism as an ideology is the freedom of individuals from each other and that makes self-governing and commenting exceedingly difficult. in many ways i have a chapter in the book that argue that liberalism ab democracy ultimately take waves. to perceive that it will do what it wants to do. it's difficult for someone who is engaged in the or the of self-government. sends the debate on the freedom

of the self. >> you think much one self as malleab malleable. >> the project of its making. not only government, but institutions we think of shaping. education. our technology, the supporting of the project, but again, it makes us increase , it's a common civic framework. >> is there a natural transition or is it abnormal? >> i think we're at the end of an experiment. liberalism is a new intention, maybe gets a start in the united states, and soar woo' in the middle of a kind of experiment. like any experiment we're going to discover things as we go

along. it seems as though one of the things we're discovering, like so many of the world's political systems. this system may have an expiration date. >> where do we go from here? >> i think that's the big question. i think if we're aware of where we are now and some of the causes that are creating these contemporary forms of crisis, we may have to rethink the fundamental assumption about what we are as human beings. i think that's happen. you can see it in our discussion of the environment. the idea that we can be self-making free speeches in the world, a world with limits. i think this would be ourselves in relation to other human beings in the world. patrick is in a department at notre dame and served at u.s. information agency as well during the clinton

administration. >> that's right. >> so do you come at this as a democratic point of view? >> i come at this as a trabs pa part-- what i see, there's a common thre threat-- thread that's bound our parties. nearly half of my audience loves my book and the other half hates my book, but they also love and hate the other half that the other side doesn't like. in other words, there's something in this book for everyone and something that's going to be discomefitting. one of the people that endorsed it is cornell west. >> that's correct, cornell was a colleague of mine, i may be the only one with from cornell west and in addition president

obama gave a shout out six months after it was published. so i think it's found an audience when people find that the current political organizations, the settlement of our parties is not really addressing where we are today. >> should we read anything into the fact that it was published in february of this year, three years into the trump administration? >> it actually was published in 2019. the paperback came out in 2019. the and so if anything, the book didn't anticipate what we see now as the crisis of liberalism and immediately in our physical lives. it may have benefitted from us not directing to to see the headlines. it was written ahead for the underwater currents. >> do you think in your view that president trump adds to those currents?

>> i think in many ways he intuited. in sort of a savant way. but certainly the republican has been constituted since ronald reagan, was not a growing entity. in some cases they found themselves aligned with the football party. we're no belong er-- and an economic order and we're now more interested in national economic policy, jobs from being escorted overseas, so the working class and a third of itself in the republican party in which the elite and the populace no longer align. the first thing that trump had to do was defeat the republican party of before he took on the other. >> i think when you intuit some

things, a move toward a less liberal order. >> and let's go to terry in boca raton, florida. terry, are you with us? he is not. let's try richard-- . >> sorry about that. >> terry, please go ahead. >> you know what, terry, we're going to have to put you on hold. we'll try again. richard, plymouth, michigan. hi, richard, you are on book tv. >> yeah, i have two questions. the first, briefly, is there a prescription for reversing this direction where we're destroying our liberalism and second is this part of the kooms theory about the pair time, once it's stoeshd dfrjts

-- that's are good questions. and in some ways does the system always have itself as an old discussion. it's an old view and one that formed my book, one that goes back to plato. it was a view that informed alexis when he wrote his great work, democracy in america. in manile ways, i think it's the understanding that every political order has potentially the seeds of its own self-direction, and in that ways, it can no longer self-correct. i think we're that way today. i think in many ways, the liberal order is facing a threat not so much from his own history, but a threat from outside, communism and fascism. i think we're at a critical moment whether this has the capacity for self-correction. >> vicky, san diego, good afternoon. >> oh, good afternoon, first

thing's first, i just want to say hello, peter, you're one of my favorite people, i love watching your program on the weekend. you make an old lady very happy. second, i've been a life long liberal even when i was a little kid. probably because i loved my grandpa and he was a socialist. i really nted to lead this book.boo book-- i want to read this book. i don't have anything to say that i'm disagree with everything you say. if obama endorsed it, i know it's a good book. that's it. >> thanks for calling in, vicky. just to take off what she was saying, we've tried socialism, communism. flashism. are those all part of what liberal democracy really is or are they abberations?

would they come back? would they be successful? >> it seems to me that we're all generally in involvement that communism and trashism failed because it's based on human nation. and the idea of fascism, the idea we are who we are because of our capacity to overcome any sort of self, right, to overcome any desire for the things closer to me or preference to the things that i'd like to see. that communism would affect all particularity, families, nations and so forth. and a false assumption about human nature. it may turn out to be falts as well. we're radically self-making selves. our anonmiss agree pat drei--

can our political order pull itself back from it seems to me a falsely ideological view or will it meet the same faith, for example, as communism did, which in many ways it wasn't by an external entity. it was ultimately sustainable because we weren't able to-- harry, hi, harry. >> thank you to book tv. a short question for the professor. my question is, isn't there an overlap between liberal oichl and conservative? >> we'll go off and listen. >> thank you, sir. >> well, in many respects, what we've called conservativism in the american tradition is really a version of liberal i678 and this is one of the

main points of my book is that the american lil-- what we call classic liberalism, especially free markets to free people from constraints or limitations on their freedom as consumers, as liberal actors. and what we call progression, another part of liberalism. part of what i argued. both of these rather i've worked together to create an economic order and increasingly comprehensive liberal-state order. all of those have-- or both of these together have resulted in the increase of dibb ral weather dusked off. we've seen both arrive and part

of what's happening in our political world is a reaction against both of these-- both of these forms of modern liberalism. now, you did mention technology early on in our conversation. give us an example. >> well, sure, we both mentioned before the show, i live in the state of indiana, but you can't help, but pass by the amish fort wayne. it's not that they're not technological human beings. they have all kinds of technology. the way they use or outlize that is by sending and supporting their community a lot. it's always with the ender person in mind. we don't do that, we default.

and we use our autonomy to enhance our technology. technology is not autonomous of who we think we are and the company is divided. human ends that we forgely enthursday, the personal and the political technology defines our social order. >> next call comes from bernie in howard beach, new york. bernie, you're on with patrick dineen, why liberalism failed is the name of the book. >> thank you. professor, i have a single question, having difficulty understanding the words and -- the words, liberal and so for forth. what i'd like to know is, you've laid out the idea that

liberali liberalism, whatever that is, failed. what are the consequences and how do we see it in our everyday lives. i'm 77 years old and feel fairly free except for the fact i have this corrupt leader that's so obnoxious that i can't look the world anymore. but beyond that, how does a failed liberalism, what are the consequences in everyday life? thank you. thanks very much, it's a great question. on one hand if you look at the data that we find in the world, we are more prosperous, we are enjoyi enjoying economic success more, certainly more advanced technological advance, more advanced than any human being

to live in the history of the world. at the same time when you look at other social science data, what you see, we're more isolated. we're more lonely. we are less likely to be members of any association. we're less likely to be members of a religious tradition. we're less likely to see ourselves as embedded in neighborhoods and communities. we are increasingly less likely to be paired. increasingly less likely to have children. if you're born of you're more likely to have a sibling than anywhere in the world. reports of loneliness are highest in history. and what we've gone it see, the lower -- rates, and suicide due to ipo addiction, and maybe of the things that matters most to human beings, ready or not

we're part of something larger, whether we belong and remembered. by those, we're failing by the civilization and the argument of my book. the more it's you can is seeding. the more it's failing. and we'll read a text. what part does bigotry and racist attitudes play in dismantling liberal discourse. >> i think one of the great achievements of liberalism has been advancing the understandings of all human beings as members of the common human race and being one of the great defenders of human dignity, a tradition that goes back before liberalism that martin luther king would recognize was a tradition that's older than the liberal political offered. but seems to me that today we're having a very hard time not merely condemning bigotry

and racism, but distinguishing in some ways where certain lines should be drawn. is there such a thing as a nation and a nation state. and it's difficult to imagine that we can continue as a political society if such a view a regarded as bigoted and racist. i would think at some point in the future we're going to have to have a maybe rank or legitimate sdugs, a way to define who we are, when we think of political terms. based in some way, what constitutes bigotry and what constitutes racism. >> professor, i want to go back to bernie in new york. do you think that president trump has brought us to the edge of 250 years of liberal democracy? >> i don't know that donald trump himself has.

i think it's more lets assay the conditions that led to a large amount of countrymen to vote for donald trump. they had believed that only a man like donald trump could be the answer for the contemporaries. their sense of license and despair. i would hope my fellow countrymen at least sometimes lake past donald trump and say, if our fellow countrymen were so despairing that they voted for this man, then something's wrong. something is amiss and it may have more to do with what we share together than what we draw apart. terry, boca raton, please go ahead. >> thank you. loved the book. what about a third party going up, the freedom caucus and then

the g.o.p. and then the democrats. what's wrong with that? >> well, i guess i could put on my political science hat that third parties in the yies don't work well because of our electoral system. look, what we're actually seeing is what happens often when you get a third party and what we should recognize is trump and the phenomenon of trump goes back to figures like ross perot. to the kind of beginnings of the populace movement in the u.s. that goes back several decades. you could say that it's a political discontent for what could be a configuration. we're seeing a realignment. and that's the following, the wosrking glass that once voted democratic, that's who the democratic party have

representing them. and that's the same in came and and the working class. at the same time those conservative parties were not traditionally parties of the working class, they were the parties of the elite. of business owners of the aristocracy. there's a lot of, kind like you say, he roux figuring. take a count at the new configuration. i think what we've had is it a redefinition of our political party. >> income inequality plays quite a large role in your book, the tib ral democrat -- and this seeks to displace a out disorder, where your position in life is the result of your birthplace and your birth writes and to replace

that with a new kind of aristocracy, like the rise of the so-called tharttology. i've seen it in your back to yous. the new one is not to rhett mri gaut it. a-- we saw this where parents were able to game the system to get their children in the best schools. this is only a manipulation on the other side of legality that in many ways is the kind of manipulation that takes place legally every day. the ability to get your own children in a situation where they can become the new aris cra-- aristocratic order. liberalism was to replates an aristocracy with another

aristocracy. we're at a point that the view of the many are as corrupt and broken as the old one was. >> the idea of liberal democracy is a new era that has enjoyed heralded privileges. six associations even as architecture were on their way. they'd displaced their old sar stocksy and they were not confident about installing is now one. are you aligned that liberal democracy is on the precipice. >> on one hand alarmed, but on the the other, it's in some ways to be vulnerable. his own logic working out. we shouldn't be at this point. they're not and may not be co

compatib compatible. we see ourselves as free from one another. if we're more able to exercise civics capacitiecapacities. that we would need if we were to subsist. technology can assist that? >> it can, but like every tool it's double-edged. >> mike, canton, iowa. >> hello, this is really interesting. my question is since people are tribal by nature and they were becoming free to be able to break away from some of these restrictions, then the issue becomes given mckay's book, popular dilutions and the

madness of crowds, are we then free to go off the rails and establish new tribes that may or may not be good. the old tribes led to a lot of warfare, et cetera, but it seems as though some of the new leaderships have leave the chaos and i like your comment about people not properly considering human nature in proposing these things. with that, thank you. >> it's a great question. i think that we are -- part of our nature is to in some ways congregate as groups and a question, if we deny that part of our nature, which it seems increasingly liberalism does, and we abound, we. in many ways, are we inviting a time of action, to be to be not only liberal, but extremely

dangerous. like anything when you tee nigh -- deny some, it's about the denial of the tribal nature or the denial of our nature as human beings to gather together into defined storms of groups leading to a much more viceral and dangerous form of group identification at the hearing. >> text from tyler in detroit, does confusing lynn ralism and muddling it with the democratic party, and make functions beyond liberalism-- do you follow that. >> i think that my definition of liberalism seems to track where the democratic is? i think, i think--

i throw and to some extent succeeded in making the case that what we think of is the difference between republicans and democrats traditionally has been a difference within the liberal frame and especially the kind of economic liberaltainerism that wants to find the right and social that still defines the left has been sort of working hand in glove with each other. and advancing a libertarian global economic order and increasingly we're not called upon to care for each other. we rely with mechanisms for the market or the states. so i hoped. -- raising questions about the current political alignment, if it's have i comfort, both conservatives or liberals or conservatives and progressive

found something of value of the book. >> you wrote we must outgrow ideology. >> by ideology, a theory of human nature that's probably fundamentally wrong or let's say exaggerated. ... >> and it will take a lot of

doing because that's a very attractive pot but our political order is not just do and we are in for a very rocky ride civic is as the layman for an academic text. >> i wrote for my students in my audience many have been able to read the book to but find it challenging at the same time. >>host: what about nationalism as a philosophy quex. >> i spoke at the conference on national conservativism conference that was to remind people that nationalism was a progressive project. >> like woodrow wilson and teddy roosevelt. from the localities.

some in some ways it is a dangerous entity by which we mean the soul identity is founded as a nation. on the one hand to see ourselves as a community that is vibrant i'm sitting here in miami the kind of community that people know each other but through that community to share a common community that members of the humanity should not be at odds with each other. in the whole of what we are to belong to. >>host: patrick deneen is the author of t6 we appreciate you coming down from notre dame to share with us. >> it's good to come to miami

from south bend in november thank you. [laughter] >>host: in just a minute we will show you rich lowry who has a new book out on nationalism the editor of national review we will show you that in a minute but coming up next is another call an opportunity here on book tv with the book called unfollow. she is coming up in just a minute but here is a little bit of rich lowery talking about his new book nationalism that will air after our coverage of the miami book fair. >> i hadn't thought about that nationalism because with trump's inaugural address i started thinking about it a little more. so democrats have the