fiction and candace bullard has several books like that on the trip to the amazon those are great books but also very entertaining. >> tonight we are thrilled to have our panel here including our author instead of listening to me talk we are just going to get started wait until i've done. [laughter] it is nice to be here in new haven. i work on criminal justice for

the state of connecticut so i run a small research unit dedicated to understanding the criminal justice system work for the office of policy and management and one of my responsibilities is to recidivism studies and out of and then the state of connecticut and then in criminal justice and then prepare people to see a lot of good news. so in terms of recidivism is

60 percent of the people to be arrested those are not good numbers. and with the criminal justice system and won't go into detail and those that died within five years 65 percent died of homicide they died of drug overdoses it is devastating what is taking place and to work in this area he don't expect and i'm

fortunate to see to see that turnaround. and those individual successes to turn their lives around to get this example and then to get back to the community but i was aware of the story but as the director of the connection and then working with sex offenders i just so happen at the time he wanted to tell his story.

i said i met the guy i could write so i introduced him to charlie barber. and then will be happy. and with the outlaw and has a fearsome reputation of the department of correction statewide back in the eighties he ran known as the jungle boys the very effective and dominant in the drug market

and at the time what was happening in new haven was happening across the country and with 85 years and participation of a homicide and other crimes and having to do with jamaican gangs starting out in new york city coming out from new haven. it was reduced on the appeal over 21 years. . . . .

that are actually embedded in the community that has a reputation and can go out and understand and defuse the violence that often affects specific neighborhoods in the state of connecticut. and so this is really historic and it's come to light because the other side of the story. a lecturer in psychiatry at yale and offers two books and is the director of connection institute which is a criminal justice research organization. also a fabulous writer and is going to get up now and do a reading. hope you enjoy and learn something tonight. thank you. [applause]

hi, everybody. thanks for coming out on a rainy night in new haven. everybody can hear me. sounds good. i haven' -- he set it up beauti. i was a little scared of him when we first met but we have become good friends and excellent collaboration and we are very thrilled the book came out two weeks ago and is getting quite a lot of attention. so, i am going to read a new haven passage and then turn it over to william and his boss who's also here. the book is kind of a third and third and third. williams growing up in the housing projects of new haven which were pretty rough, and getting involved in running a major code running in major gang in a housing project and then a very long stretch in prison and

then the passage i'm going to read now is one of the turning points but it's a turning point for several hundred thousand people each year released from prisons and jails in the united states. it's the moment of his beliefs. i will read a few passages of the chapter simply called retu return. this occurs in the spring of 2008, so it is 11 years ago. this is the date of this release. he's been in prison since he was 19 so most of his life has now been in prison and by the way, i calculated it. he was in 23 prisons, some of them for only one night, six prisons primarily and he was so encourage a bowl within the connection, i'm sorry, the connecticut prison but he was woken up when they sent to federal prison in california and kansas and pennsylvania and then

returned to connecticut and so this is the moment of his release from connecticut prison in 2008. return, chapter seven. the nightmare was over. 6:00 on a late spring morning in 2008. he left his prison cell for the final time as he walked down the corridor to the front gate of the prison guards were cordial. they didn't say what they heard him say many times to the departing prisoners, see you later or we will keep the lights on for you to. they simply said with what appeared to be sincerity, good luck. before he left the compound they put him in arm shackles them last time. he was transferred to the custody of the department parole officer who was going to drive him to new haven. when he exited the prison doors the first thing he saw was the maple tree 20 feet away. its leaves were fresh and clean and the sun and the grass below

was saturated with heavy dew. as he stepped forward tentatively onto the ground outside of the prison for the first time in decades, he hadn't quite fathom what was actually happening. by this time for me to an incarcerated more his life. his jungle boy's career, that is the name of the gang, by contrast have lasted three and a half years. the fact that he was outside of prison was in itself astonishing had it not been for his appeal, he would be in some other prison for another 60 years. he was leaving many people behind who had committed the same crimes as he had and wouldn't be released. he was looking at each read and couldn't walk up and touch its bark was staggering. i'm going to give you a ride to new haven, the parole officer said. you'll find a lot has changed. he walked to the back seat of the van smiling. it was a smile that would disappear for a week.

but behind his joy, he knew the sobering numbers as well as any criminologist. of the approximately 700,000 people are released every year from american prisons and jails, about half were behind bars within three years. the highest risk was in the first year almost 40% of the released offenders were rearrested in the first 12 months. but he didn't know the more urgent findings that within two weeks, the risk of death from drug overdose to cardiac arrest, homicide and suicide among the released prisoners was 13 times higher than the general public. he felt confident about the changes he had made that he hase haven't proven anything to anyone yet. many people were expecting him to fail. he had known many former prisoners who had cropped up before they got out. some even committed crimes just to be sent back preferring the world they did know, three hots

and a cost, as it has been called where there was a structure no matter how mercenary it was, to the outside world was now alien. as the officer drove the man into suburbia, he saw sprawling new big-box stores, but beth and beyond, each on the side of the city block. she'd never seen such dimensions before nor did he recognize the names of the retailers. what he remembered his empty fields where entire condominiums. the apartments were smaller some half the size of the big american cars used to drive into the traffic seemed far heavier than it used to be. the vans passed through north of new haven and outlaw always found a section depressing as if a piece of the new jersey meadowlands had been transported to the middle of connecticut.

it was almost reassuring that this area was unchanged to him just as ugly and toxi toxic worg as a captain in 1988 the last time that he had seen it. as they approached the city, he could make up a small collection of skyscrapers that comprise downtown and he felt the snap of anxiety in his chest. lots of things would be waiting for him in new haven. he knew the whole town would be waiting to see if he had survived a. a lot of people would be expecting, perhaps hoping that he would fail i and some of the people he victimized with the families would be planning a retaliation. others would want him to start up again looking to get out of the gravy train. they emerged onto interstate 95 on long island sound. he's all their rise to the cityscape and could make a passing glimpses of the harbor between the buildings, glimpses of sun coming off the water.

how long he had dreamt of this moment. i'm going to skip ahead a couple of pages. things go great for the first few days. he has a reunion with his family and is very well received and everybody in town still loves him. but then something happens and he can't sleep and when i say can't sleep, he explained to me you didn't sleep for nine days after the first few days. i will read a little bit about that. five days later, he laid in bed, this is the halfway house he has been transferred to. the mattress sag in the middle and the heat protruded from the end due to his height. it was raining outside the spring rain could go on for days. he pressed the pillow down over his ears to try to block out the world. at first the lack of sleep was almost a good thing. he was so astonished to be out

of prison he believed he shut his eyes the dream of the ovary and he would wake up back in lewisburg or levin's worth in pennsylvania. he was overstimulated by all of the sites. it was actually hard to break away from the decades of routine that prison instilled in him and now he had to decide for himself when he went to his room at night what he wanted to watch on television. it was overwhelming as much as he tried h to stop and sleep not even for half an hour. by the fifth day he was seeing and hearing things that were not there were at least he thought were not there. the images in his head didn't even make sense. visions, molecules in the air, birds exploding in the middle of site to the conflict. complaint. if it's like a psychedelic experience. so, just one last passage. the way the halfway house works coming and it's only a couple miles from here, there is a two

week ago of orientation and then you can look for jobs on the street. and so william is a loudmouth after two weeks of being in the house to go back out on the streets in new haven that he hasn't been on for 20 some years. so come he's walking out of the house. when he came downstairs and looked out the kitchen window, he saw that the sun is yellow gold and the sky was a flawless blue. the day was excellent and fair and he finally got some sleep, by the way. six days after that first night, he passed his orientation. a. he hadn't walked freely on a city sidewalk and more than 20 years, not since he'd given himself up at the new haven police station. he found himself walking seven blocks from walter brooks, the halfway house from space stretched out in front of him. he could see four, five, six blocks ahead as he walked. the sense of openness made him

anxious it over the last few decades it was a prison yard. as he crossed the street a car almost hit him. the driver screamed. alcohol wondered if he should just stop. no, 1 foot after the other and then another. keep on walking. he hadn't intended to go to the green. there wasn't a business that is essential than most corporate areas of new haven that would even consider hiring a just released felon but it was as if he had no control over his destination. his body i body and his feet han over and let him to now where he sat. he remained for three hours. he watched the city buses, people in suits rushing to banks and restaurants and watched the homeless people. he looked at the discarded newspapers blowing in the wind. he saw how people cut their hair, how different styles were from those of the 1980s.

he heard the music from passing cars also completely foreign. he watched the traffic and studied the amount of space the drivers gave themselves when driving behind the car ahead of them. it was like he was experiencing these things for the first time. everything was different. the parts that haven't changed, the few surviving stores from se 1980s didn't match his memory. it all seemed like a trip out of the movie tha that he loved so g ago, once upon a time in america. his life, the rise and fall of it turned out to be like the film. the whole trajectory transpired just the way somewhere deep inside he thought it might from that moment in 1993 when he pulled over in the porsche and asked him to deal drugs for him. i'm going to stop there and introduce her fast forward to 11 years later about a year after this experience of release from

prison, he got a job at dunkin' donuts which he loved and then shortly thereafter he got the job as a street outreach worker that he referred to in the beginning where william and other colleagues of his who were former filling oozed their experience for good to do outreach to kids where they grew up and basically said don't do what i did. it is in the consequences, and i am here to tell you. i would like to briefly introduce leonard who is he now runs a connecticut violence intervention project, which is dedicated to the production of gun violence -- reduction of gun violence. he's a good friend of mine. grew up in new haven and was the chief probation officer for the

state in new haven and is now the executive director of the connecticut violent interaction project. [applause] good evening. i'm going to start with 2008. the police chief we had a collaborative meeting with a nonprofit and the one thing that was coming out so there was a little panic. how was new haven going to react. we were in the meeting and he ad i've got it. a few weeks after that he was at the meeting and presented to some of the folks that were getting out after him.

he didn't talk about the money that he made or how grandiose the image or the reputation was. he talked about the perception and how he wanted to be a reading there and clean up the city. they restored the friendship and so last year in talking about going out on their own i said i think it's time we need to do it and he said let's do it. so we went out on a train and got it done without the support

and i talk about redemption but it's also beside to make this whole thing work with street outreach but you have to have a credible message. he is a credible messenger for the program. he's honest, sincere, shows a lot of empathy and emotion. there are very few times that he says mediation and he doesn't get emotional. i look forward to the meeting so much because of his humor. he is passionate and patient.

on the way here they received a call from the foster care agency and they asked the capacity and said there is a young man returning to new haven and the person that he keeps talking about that code really be the dealbreaker whether he has successfully not in the streets. i did mention they said please don't talk to him about this young man, but i think i know the answer is going to be. with the support i think that he will be successful but he did say i know if i have going on in my life and i'm not putting any pressure on you but i know i

wouldn'wouldn't get in anymore . any more trouble. so, that is just a credit to his commitment to all of the young men and women that he touched in the city of new haven. [inaudible] [laughter] he definitely doesn't do this work for the money. i'm happy that he's here and he uses his sense of humor not only for people he served the who see collaborators and everyone that he touches anything about. at this time i would welcome william. [applause]

good evening, everyone. thank you for coming out on this rainy day. it means a lot to me [inaudible] first i want you to know these are tears of joy [inaudible]

when i came back and told them i was coming to the community they told me what we were going to do and that meant a lot to me. i see my two boys that understand me and know me doing

what they are supposed to do and we haven't been back. we pride on talking every day. they've always got my back even in prison, they always have my back. my partner right here after doing 30 years came home and it seemed like everything was coming together. i'm so glad you all are here on the right path finding his way

after 30 years. i'm still finding my way. it's not easy. if you've ever been in a situation, you can't understand. it's not easy work in a bad situation like that. i'm on an emotional roller coaster right now because good things are happening in my life. we had our own program which was wonderful. one day i get good a news and oe day i get bad news.

my mother was in the hospital. we met at the registration into the conversation. he said i can't write. i've got somebody for you. he said don't let the bowtie and everything for you. really good man though. i met this guy charlie and first thing i did is investigated charlie. there wasn't a lot i could know

about him. i asked around, looked around, what was his name. it was different now. he was coming around and we worked on this book for five years. a lot of people wouldn't believe. my friends, family didn't believe. we were talking about this on the way in. a lot of people didn't believe. doing this book for five years michael family and friends. they didn't believe because they were not seeing.

everything moves fast, so people don't believe. we were working for the agency that they were not doing what they said they would do. we will do it for the kids. we want to help in any area that we can. i tell all my kids and everybody this. when you change you don't give an f. what anybody thinks about

you. you get on this site and you don't care what anybody thinks about you. they really don't. that's when you know you've changed, you don't care what people think about you. it took me a long time to do that. i prisoners for parents, they sent me away on a punishment they came back and lost their minds and we were sent there [inaudible]

it's untreated, working this book they sent me back because he was digging up so many worms and so much was coming up i've got to find me a good psychiatrist i'm going to lose my mind. that mental health is very serious and we need to talk in that area. the most powerful thing that i am so proud of to the state would be my men's group every

thursday ten years from 5:00 to 6:30. i've got some that have been coming there for seven years, eight years, five years, still coming every thursday from 5:00 to 6:30. we come and share the group and if anybody doesn't understand the group, i don't know where my mind might be. you never know where it can take you. my family, i have two beautiful young ladies right now.

she is my rock. she pushed me through some days. your soulmate is somebody that you can love and hug and tell what you are going through. thank you for being so patient with me. my time is always shared with other people but you are right there when i need you. i want to get to the q-and-a for those that have read the book so we can move this along. i remember ki when he was 4-years-old.

every year this kid made the honor roll every year in school. a really smart kid. he's my stepson, i call him my stepson but that's another good thing god wanted in my life because i never was given to young kids. i know god placed him in my life for me to race him like my own kids. my first interaction with fatherhood when i came out a lot of people don't understand that i wanted to be a father so bad that my kids were grown now. i would pick my kids up for school, wait outside, the kids

would come outside, but i never got to do that. this book, i wanted to be able to touch across the united states of america with every youth, criminal justice to take the bias out. they hate us and said that i would die or return to prison and a year. that is what they have in prison. they do an assessment. the criminal activity based on your activity in jail, who you hung out with, based on your phone calls, all that and this assessment fails because i knew in my mind that i wasn't going back to the street. i knew in my mind i wasn't going

to hurt another human being. i knew that and i made that promise to god first and myself. i knew that. the statistics and criminal justice system have a little biased but they need fixed. but what can we form, what can help reform the tax i wanted to go to open up the doors to a lot of things to have a real dialogue that words don't work as far as prison and what people really think. when a person does change, does everybody else changed. a lot has to change but the stigma will always be there. i'm glad to be the front-runner of this for my work and my actions and my deeds.

you can share with young people and law enforcement that work every day in public and you think you know the person is going through. i looke like to have a lot of de and again i would like to thank everybody that came. i know a lot of people in this city and i would like to see if attacked. i'm crying with tears in my eyes because i'm telling you there are people i won't forget, the people that showed up here showed me they haven't forgot me. the people that showed up here tonight, you showed me respect and it means so much to me you just don't know. thank you. [applause]

we are very interested in questions for all of us i'm sure a lot of you will want to ask questions but it can also be two-and and me. >> anybody have any questions? yes.

>> i have a two-part question. you talked about mental health and untreated, and seeing a therapist. my question is what was the transition in your mental states like when you went from being a big name on the streets to demand transitioning to prison to being the number an a numbern coming back out and having to redefine who you were. the second part of the question you talked about redemption which is commendable and we are proud of you, but at what point was your moment when you said this is not who i am and this is who i want to be. >> i think the moment was 12 years [inaudible]

i have a situation in the book where my daughter at the time was in catholic school and her grandmother had custody of her and got called home and they wanted to take her out of catholic school and in public and i said no you are going to stay in catholic because it is a better system and all that and she said to me that you finished school and at the time i didn't even have a ged. i broke down and hung up and staggered back to my cell, laid in bed and the next day i got up and went to the school, signed up for school, went over to the library and took the ged book and for four months than i had my ged and i said nobody can stop me.

the light went off and by education first went crazy. every program from everything to do with education, and started tackling so that is one of the main turning points in my education, the light bulb went off and a guy by the name frank james said you are a good dude, you are going home, the other fools in here don't have a chance. between those incidents, that was one of my turning point. the first part of the question you talked about, leaving the street, i was young and i have a lot of money, i mean a lot of money. it was a nightmare to me and of course i went to jail and they took me up north, and here i am 19-years-old, $100,000 on the

books in the city of new haven views might increase its officers in my face acting like they want a problem with me, not knowing that i'm here for a problem. that was my attitude. and then it changed the culture. i changed the culture because that is the first time that i have experienced racism, and i was taught this is the person that is going directly and making me dig deep into the meet against you mentality. it wasn't nice then for me when i arrived there and then they transferred me out and that is the best thing that happened to me. i went to the federal case and got transferred out, so if i had stayed in connecticut, i

probably would've told somebody there is no question in my mind, because that's how god somersworth and the police. it was to that society like i said if you were not there to experience it, you could never imagine. >> another question for william and charlie. you mentioned the book was to start dialogue of cultures specifically. both william and charlie, what do you want college students and professors to get out of this book? >> to be honest with you, i want white students to get out the biases, take away the bias from your grandmother and grandfather

got two generations back, that is the situation we are in now. you are young and you see this and i'm not saying disrespect your friend, but it has nothing to do with what's going on. it was in the 50s and 60s and that is not okay. i would like them to remove the bias, if you're going to be lawyers, doctors, whatever, do o the best at your job not because of your skin color but because you are a human being. [applause] >> i think that we met weekly for five years and i try to do a really deep understanding of the crucible that he came from in terms of the early childhood trauma, the public housing which

was brutal, the public education system in new haven at the time. not to excuse any of his behavior, but to understand the structure he was born into. if we had grown up in different circumstances, who knows where i would be that he would be the ceo of a fortune 500 company. i hope that students can understand especially in this era of such divisiveness and curiosity about the other half how such a talented guy got where he got. the book is the process of his life if i can convey the depth

of experience in feeling behind that. that. >> i'm so sorry because before i speak i need to say there were some victims in my case i could keep remorse for you to carry for the rest of my life. that should have been the first thing out of my mouth, my regards and regret for that person is always at the forefront. that person is always not forgotten. it isn't acceptable and will stay with me for a long time.

>> congratulations on all four of you for putting this book and this project together. there's been a thing going around, ba then books, even in e prison systems familiar with the book, the new jim crow. do you think that your book will fare well in the system and around the country? >> i'm going to have five then take a crack at that. books prisoners are allowed are screened at least in the state of connecticut by a panel that screens the books and normally what they do is scream them for excessive violence, hard-core pornography, explicative content. several years ago there was a book by wally lamb that works

for the connecticut prisoners that had written about a young woman that had a very difficult traumatic childhood and had been sexually assaulted and that was in the book and the book was banned in the state prisons. molly lamb regularly did tours in the prisons and visited and was at the library one day and said we had to lock up your book we can't have it anymore. it created a firestorm in shed some light on it. i don't think there's a problem with like michelle alexander's books and things coming into the prison system. that said, the prison system and the books that are allowed and are screened by people who are not -- speak to >> what's surprising about the system in connecticut since william dot there, the prison system is a lot, there's more

representation among the ceos and staff of the prison system than there was because i think there's been a movement that way in the state of connecticut, said the conditions have changed considerably in terms of the population. there are now women ceos in men's prison and then ceos and women's prison and there is more diversity among the staff and the fact that there is more diversity among the staff means those kind of issues that were so starved back in the 80s can't exist anymore because now the relationships exist among the guys wearing blue regardless of what the color or their gender is because they see themselves on for one side and vendors on the other suffers a different dynamic that is constantly evolving in the prison system at least i think in connecticut. that's not to say that it's an ideal system and i worked quite a bit and spent quite a lot of time in prison. what i've come away with is

everyone's experience that is a prisoner regards different. >> as far as percentagewise, do people make the decisions on the books? i mean i appreciate the diversity you were saying but who actually make the decisions on which books will be allowed in so forth and so on? >> i can't speak to the ethnic and racial composition of those that scream the books but whoever is on the panel there has to be some representation. i can't imagine that coming and don't hold me to my word, i'm not on the panel, but the books would be screened because of the political, philosophical or ideological content. >> i have sent some books to the present and i would like to know if they've received the books. i should know by friday.

one last question that leads to the book you mentioned you've got your ged in some prisons across the country there's been a cutback even in the library's worth of scholarship programs. it means they have to go to classes. >> for me to take you on. education is pushed in the federal system. the federal system has -- you

see the words united states penitentiary if it has that behind the name that means united states penitentiar penitt this level five for level six. if you can't visit camp. so they get federal cases and go to sci. they go where the population is 75%. >> thank you. i love the questions about the library system and prison system because there are a lot of things that turn lives around and one of them is the library system. by virtue of being in the federal system, the federal library system is described to william blaney is superb and he

could request a book and get it into three days. this was after he got his ged. this was his self-education process. to give one example, he was in leavenworth which is a notorious prison in kansas and was in solitary for nine months. when he got out of solitary, he went to the library and he got a book on the history of leavenworth that have been a bestseller the year before by peter early and he educated himself about solitary in leavenworth and who it worked and who was running it which was the brothers that threatened his life and you can read about it in the book. the funny thing about that is one of the blurbs for the buck is pete earley who [inaudible] things came full circle. i love your question about the library system because becoming an educated person as william has described to me was really the fundamental turnaround.

>> i'm proud of you and congratulations. in the beginning they wer were d friends and prison was a little rough. he had decided i had mine. we ended up sitting down and were good friends. it's a blessing to see them here doing this and i'm very proud of him and i want him to continue his success. don't look back because we came a long way. only people on that side of the wall understand where we came from. we survived, we are here now. continue to do what you are doing. i'm proud of you. commissioner of corrections, but is the first thing you do?

probably revamp the education department, probably get rid of that education department because in prison, education is first and in the society for us. when i was in poverty and [inaudible] i would revamp the education department, start there and get it more cultured. i would try to be more diverse entity, did i be for six monthsf time. why is that important? because when we were in jail and first to prison they used to take 120 days off your time if you find a nice, ashamed. so you would think ashamed, throw it in the garbage can,

tell the ceo and then you get time off. they figured that out. you do that a few times and get a year knocked off. i say take the same system and if you get your ged an in here d we will take a year off. and that would give an incentive because it is an eye-opener once you get that. you think that getting an apartment, being a carpenter, then there's tim it's time for e to start. i went to four trials right.

i didn't have an education. i sat there in the first trial and i was done. the only word i knew was objective, object, your honor. i went back, stole the dictionary out and every word they said, i'm writing it down. i've got to go study these words. but then i said he went through the whole first trial dumber than a stack of bricks now you are in here doing all types of stuff. that was the first step. that is the first thing i would do. >> as far as you know, what kind

of deals were going on behind closed doors as far as prosecutor or whatever? >> i went to trial the first time and lost, i went to another and boston got 25 so it made it 85. so from 1988 to 1992 i was there at the age of 22-years-old thinking i was never going to come out. by the grace of god i sit here and not by anythin buy anythingy the grace of god i'm here because of the grace of god that i say this, for those four years from 88 to 92, i was losing my mind, literally, a lot of stuff people didn't know, cry an cryit night how did you get yourself into this situation, what are you going to do, started planning a scathing, mapping the

place out, getting out of here, i'm not listening to nobody in here. nobody here will tell me what to do. your mentality, for those four years i didn't like myself. i was in a situation i don't know what i would have done. 885 years you're never going hoe and anytim any time i would geto the conflict they did tell me that's why you're going to die here or he might leave it in an envelope i think i got some bail money but it's from the ceos that why you are going to die in here. that is the game they play. i wasn't used to that. i was living the luxury life flying all over the world and now in this environment so for those for it was very devastating. how much did you end up paying your lawyer before he went to

jail? >> out of respect for the lawyer, we are not going to answer that. we've got to respect them, but that's in addition to going to say this coming to go to the office 1987 and get the price of four trials, murder trial and add it up. nobody said where did you get the money from. nobody offer said where did he get the money from to afford. they know i didn't get it from my mom or my daddy. so nobody has ever asked me that

question. read the book throughout history. in school i used to be scared to ask questions and the teachers were to tell me what are you worried about what people are going to say. yes sir. my question is in regards to prison reform and i know that you know having spent your time in prison what do you think needs to be done with prison reform now? >> will first prison reform is a new fancy word. two years ago it was reentry. the government gave out a lot of

money and now they will give out a lot of money for prison reform. most prison reform look like me and q., t. know, black, a lot of money being made. i think that this time in this country we are going to shed light on it and there will be a conversation of how to get people to come out better people. as a community member, what do you want it to look like. do you want this person coming home without this or that. look at it from a community, a homeowner like you, th the ideal isn't always the best. the best prison reform would bee cured from offerings of the community in the world. everybody let's get to the table and get an honest prison reform

that can work effectively. i think what you are saying is to have the people that are a part of the system come everybody that is part of the system to have a dialogue. open dialogue but everybody's perspective. i would like to thank everybody for coming out on this rainy wednesday night in new haven. it's still raining outside. william and i will be signing books and we would like to thank c-span for coming out and harry coming from the bookstore, thank you so much for coming out tonight. ..