the women had done everything and fully documented. they had sworn the army oath and in the end i think it was -- it really was. they really for unknowable reasons did not want to acknowledge the women. that changed, though, that's the inspiring thing about american history that things do change over time. people push and they change. .. .. from the series dropped down at the on at the top of the page.

you can also follow the c-span city to her on twitter for behind-the-scenes images and video from our visits. it is my pleasure to welcome you all to the special event with an all-star cast of some really amazing brainpower in one of my favorite people and authors in the world. the sourcebooks and the my honor and privilege to welcome you to the in addition of the incredible the best-selling book hacking darwin.

the future of humanity. a hundred people made a few more. some bad wine perhaps. you can use it. from the beverage of your choice. this is a lot better. this is also being carried by c-span welcome everybody from c-span they are unprecedented and unsettling times. there is some promise in these times. as cosponsors of this great event. this is a time that you can move things. a classic moment in history for ill or for good.

we are focused on the good. we had found in our four weeks of teleworking now. does that really social distance. we have actually galvanized our global community. with the closest even at that geographic distance. we are a community of very big thinkers. and one of the biggest thinkers of them all. we at the atlantic council our concerned with covid-19 for sure but were looking at it through the prism of our mission which is working and friends and allies to save the future. look it at the u.s. role of the world. looking very importantly trying to change migration. on the and how do we harnessed technology for good.

with our newly launched geotech center. in addition to being a senior fellow as you all know. they have a lot of titles but i look for them. he is a leading technology and healthcare futurists. the sinus fiction novelist. in the member of the human genome project. appointed to the world health organization advisory community jamie previously served as the u.s. council. and with the united nations in the cambodia. sometimes i think there must

be three or four of them. i tried to keep up with them. and other things and this just hasn't worked for me. also a regular commentator on cnn. with the fifth book. and since it came back last year the reviews have been stellar. metal writes with great clear clarity. that we should all take to heart. they have a knack for both clarifying the moral complexities and for seeing the big picture. if you can only read one book on the future of our species read this if you can read five books read all of jamie's books. if you don't want to read it at least by it. this is my pick for you.

you are not going to get another time. here you go. only for $4.95 a third of the regular price. before asking jamie to speak i want to tell you just a little bit about the flow of the event and introduce you to the other special event. he will then invite george church to do the same. as many of you know george is one of the world's greatest scientist we promise you that the backdrop is not to live it is a safe backdrop. the director of the u.s.

technology center. they lead in synthetic biology of the licenses. in the whole genomes to create new tools with applications. in 1984 they developed the first it resulted in the first gino seek's. with the human genome project george is just a delight to have you with us. after george speaks. and ask the first question there was another superstar.

she is now the professor at harvest business school. her new book work made mary love. how they shape the human destiny. after that daniel kraft well then moderate our question and answer center based on questions raised by you or anyone can pose a question and the ones that are up voted the most will rise to the top of the list. we incurred encourage you to post questions throughout the session. another harvard's drained. and the founder and share of exponential medicine that has rapid developing technologies and potential in biomedicine

and healthcare. what an incredible lineup start thinking about your question and get them going. i'm passing to jamie to kick it off. it's an incredible honor for me to be here. you mentioned the all-star team. this is like my dream team. if i could just imagine a team from everyone on earth who i would want to have me -- who i would want to have join. it would just be that people that are on this call now. thank you. think you also for our really great cohost and the atlantic council. i don't know any authors at that say i love my publisher but i had been to be one.

it's just a crazy moment. we are all feeling the sense of sadness and morning. we are very real and meaningful people. i'm here in new york city in the center of it. there is a lot of pain that is going around. there is a new world on so many levels. the trends that were already happening have really profound and incredible ways. and new communities are forming. i think they feel like they are hard to differentiate days because so many things are happening. new types of collaborations are happening. this isn't like a snow day or a big storm. where we just wait it out. and then we go back. this is really a fundamental change in my view and how we

live. not just our science but our community. and really our world. i had one leg in the world of national security and a lot of people referenced reference this year. but for me this really feels more like a 1941 year where there was a huge battle ahead it wasn't clear whether that battle was even going to be one. there were people in churchill who came together and said we have to know what we are fighting for. and then we can organize around bro --dash building that world. we may not happen after you are or a hill right now.

but something that's really exciting about this moment is it feels like we are dividing up that task that everybody is a little piece of fdr. we are doing things that government and other times it may have done and provide support and hope and encouragement. that is something really incredible. yes we have a virus that is supercharged by globalization there are so many humans and we are so mobile. but the networks that we are using to address this crisis are also moving at the speed of globalization. not something and that something that is really incredible. for the whole medical community. everybody is forming and reforming communities. in the scientific community there is a central hub for that.

others from around the world who are coming together stayed how can we work together to solve this problem. and what we are seeing is an interception of the genetics revolution. let me just say a few years about -- a few words about each piece of that. among the billions of species that have ever lived are one of species suddenly has a disability to read, write and hack the code of life. and it's incredible when we think about it. just one species. and it's almost like a godlike power. and now suddenly we are starting to have those powers.

with the most cherished's ethics. that is what my book and the whole conversation is about. they are racing forward. i focus on three primary areas. one is in this transition. from her role in the predicted healthcare life. we are a mega master data center. there will come a time when the sophistication of our tools matches and then exceeds the complexity of our biology. we are developing these incredible capabilities that are going to move us but knowing a lot about people. either from their moment just after burke and that's can it

change the way we think about healthcare but not just healthcare. that is the primary interaction. we don't have a disease genome. with the human genome. they are the blueprint for what we head at least the potential in the range of possibilities. we will be experiencing genetics outside the realm of healthcare. it's gonna get much bigger and it's can have tougher and more challenging issues. and then perhaps the most profound application will be how these technologies change not just the way we make babies and we will shift towards more of that. but also, it will change

ultimately over time the nature of the babies we make. this is a very profound conversation. it is a conversation about science. but ultimately this is a conversation about ethics because all technologies none of them come with their own built-in value system. into the most significant application of those technologies. since the hardcover came out last april. i have a preliminary reference. since then we know that there are at least three we just don't know.

and then the world health world health organization created that's international advisory community. i was chosen as one of the members. it tries to suggest at least what might be a framework for that. and how we can apply the very powerful technologies in a way that maximizes benefits and minimize harm. other members of the commission are here i was honored to be invited to go and speak at the vatican. we had people who are participating in my view is this is about the future of our species. we need table that is big enough for everybody. we are all human and we are all in this together. this trend of genetics is

intersecting with the coronavirus crisis. we have these kind of pandemics in the past. we have never been able to have lamps get the digital readout of the code and understand the virus that we were facing. we've never have computer models that will allow us to test different responses. we have never been able to develop diagnostic testing. the kind of sequencing that they innovated we were able to see and watch this viral genome mutate as it spreads around the world. george and robert greene.

from around the world to say are there patterns or genetic patterns we could use to understand what kind of people may have increased resistance to this kind of viral infection. or what people are at greatest risk. we can make smart decisions around once we have that kind of knowledge. there are the people that are seen maybe we can do it in a year. maybe some are saying two years. they had been working on this for a long time who said he didn't know if we could ever achieve this. and george is a scientist of the possible. and then developing

surveillance systems not just to this pathogen but to other pathogens. all of them are essential tools and we would not had them except for the incredible science that we have. the science comes with very significant ethical challenges. it could be abused. it is on us to try to figure out how to optimize the benefits and minimize the harm. it would be hard enough if we were living in some kind of abstract world where we could just make the smartest decisions possible we live in a world that is defined by politics. by the political context in which we live. uncertainly we see and certainly we see that in the political failure. especially in the first three weeks of this outbreak to get on top of this crisis. to have adequate information that could be provided to the american people.

to build a world health organization that was resource and empowered and mandate to do the job that every human on earth would want it to do. and then the science exists within the global power structural structure. between the united states china and others. i think everybody around the world is getting may be in a way that we haven't really gotten that understanding science is not just something for thatcher's. it is something for everybody. everybody needs to understand the science. so we can make smart decisions and we can protect the people we love.

they were working on the national security council. he was telling everyone that would listen. we have to focus on terrorism. but people thought that's not important. the precious memo was on the desk. they always used to say that to really be effective we have to learn around the corner and try to see what's coming and that means this conversation is definitely we have to get through the crisis. what are some other big threats that we are facing. it's not just coronavirus it's not even just it's a whole suite of things that pose harm. we aren't organized to address them.

around the international organizations that are funded in many ways controlled by states. so what the book is trying to do is to put all of those pieces together met in in a package for everybody. i wanted a science book to feel like it was a story. this is the greatest story of all times. but in this revised paperback the full story of the first three crisper babies. there is more on deadly pathogens. to understand and my feeling is there's kind of a package of things people need to

understand in order to really get what we are facing. there are a lot of good books in each of these categories. i hope this is one. people are home and also will read the book. it is seventh and eighth graders. and everybody got it. everybody gets that these issues are we have to be asking our elected officials whether they are doing anything for that. we write a book. once you deliver it everybody else owns it. i don't own any more. whatever it the digital equivalent is a people marking up a book and ripping out pages i hope people will use this and as they said books just for today it's practically giving it away. the official price is 40 --dash mark $4.35.

$3.50. as it don't daniel will know. nobody in the history of the world had ever made money off of writing books. you write books to share ideas. and to bring people together. around moments like this. there is a lot of fear and we all have a tendency to hunker down in moments like this. the world is changing on such a huge and fundamental way. we really had to challenge ourselves to take a step back and see the big picture what is our northstar and where are we heading. based on our goal of where if

there was anybody who sees the big picture of the science and what they have the potential to be and the implication of that science. as my friend george church. such an honor for me to have all of my people who are speakers that george is special. i think most people believe he is among the greatest living scientist. he is among the most creative and forward thinking because not everyone is trying to resuscitate the woolly mammoth. and just in case you have any doubt he grew a beard as we

have discussed we would love for you to share your thoughts on how can these incredible tools in the genetics revolution in your view best be used to address the current crisis and beyond. it is truly an amazing time. i feel like we need to embrace the challenges and fight this but we also had to think about the silver lining. it's really remarkable things that are coming out. we are seeing lower infectivity of flu. in addition to this. they have better preventative medicine in the future. a spike in collaboration.

we just didn't see so much for mers, sars and ebola. instead of just been under fire. in the diagnostics it could've saved us true to trillion dollars with millions of dollars per year they could have that going forward. if we do that proactively. on the topic of hacking darwin and as jamie said. i think you need to have that in a broad term. it doesn't have to be dna or rna. we are engineering life. it's very far from our ancestors. it is engineered.

with all of those inks. they could be enhanced. it doesn't mean that they're bad. most of them are allowing us to have the health that we had right now. that is kind of distracting. i think it takes six decades to program. what were seen right now is something that goes a much faster. and much of that also goes much faster. as anything that is engineering of our life.

they are worldwide. they are divided broadly into things that are more diagnostic and social hacking. let's start with the therapies and the vaccines. .. ..

>> other viruses that can be adapted, many of these have already been approved either for clinical trials for for use, first of all, thanks to all medical volunteers and medical workers who are putting through front line, they are getting injected either intentionally or through their patience, so i will take a moment to thank them. the vaccines aren't tested on related organisms related

viruses, there are phenomena like the body and allows it to go to the immune system via recents or. -- receptors an we need to be cognizant of antibody vaccines and thinking about what would happen next and thinking about the next wave that could happen. this is not a highly mutable virus but all it takes is one mutation and one immune problem to make us at risk. we are developing organ-like systems. better than obviously doing on

humans. that's the categories of therapies and vaccines. some things we could do immediately and could eliminate the problem more than just flatten the curve on the order of weeks or 18 months, i think having to do with the way we interact with ourselves and each other and the environment. these include masks. every time we see another person outside wearing -- getting close to 6-foot limit, we should have a mask on. we see politicians in the same room, they should be wearing masks. whenever we go with a grocery store, we should be taking pictures of and documenting just how well we are keying occupy, for example, that is a challenge for all of us is to document the pictures and how well we are making progress on this.

we are developing rapid home tests and rapid centralized tests. these are getting down in the order of a dollar or less per test and they can happen and can happen in 5 minutes and some of them can handle more samples and more accurate way to take variations, mutations that occur and there's two things that we want to check, viruses and serological reactions. you want to be zero positive and virus negative. virus negativity, very sensitive so you can detect a small number of viruses. 1 through 10 and zero positives, you want that to have very low faults. positive, in other words, you can get -- you can look like you have antibodies to coronavirus, but there's a lot of common cold

coronavirus. you want to have a very specific test. so when you start hearing more and more in the news about the zero positive tests, you need to keep that in mind. we need to -- all of the above, vaccines and therapies and -- and diagnostic, tested on cohort, on a cohort we can share. one of the first was project which we have been working on since 2005 and this is like wikipedia, this is your project. anybody can participate, anybody can see the data. it's not siloed and i think this is really the moment for that kind of project. we need to have diagnostics that are not just custom for the

moment where we have to struggle to like -- we lost a month in the united states shuffling around, but even in other countries it's not clear that that they have a enough sensitivity. in any case, we need something where we can be looking in advance at all the things that are causing us respiratory distress and drug resistant and so forth. in addition to the custom, we need a more general one. that's my list of what we can do and what we are doing in projects all over the world. it's wonderful to see it all being shared. one last thing which is further off but it is getting some attention and i need to mention it is that we have a way to make any organism resistant virus by creating genome and it is not

going to solve our problem in the next couple of weeks but it is a very interesting thing that we can do with policy, so i think that's -- i look forward to the conversation that's coming up, for instance, thank you. >> great, well thank you both so much in giving us a ton to think about. let me get this going by trying to pull this together a little bit and asking one question and i will turn it over to daniel, jamie, i agree with a lot of what you say, so clearly we are going through a moment of seismic change and everyone in the world needs to understand that the work that people are georgia are doing and science matters and we need to support it and try to understand as best we can. i also agree, of course, that assistive productive technologies is part of what's driving the change, the baby business is no longer niche, we are changing conception of life.

however, particularly less about what is going to come out of this moment. you had a lovely phrase starting out that people are taking over from governments, that lacking in fdr at the moment, people are providing courage and hope and that's great but other things that governments usually provide, things like researching funding and economic stability fund and infrastructure, concerned for inequities, concerned for inequalities and fundamentally and all of them need some kind of guidelines around them and some kind of financial support and some concern of who is getting access and who is not. where do the rules for this grave new world come from? can we as people actually create

them ourselves? that's not what happened in 1941. governments created them or do we need to rely on our political system to create the rules for the future that's about to be followed? >> hey, it's a great, great question, and i 100% believe in functioning government and we are here in the united states, we are dying in large numbers because of a total systematic and systematic failure and countries that are doing well, korea, taiwan, singapore to name 3, all of their top public health officials actually trained here because the united states used to be the gold standard for public health and we've had more than 4 decades of almost an autoimmune response inside our system starting when ronald reagan said government

isn't the solution, government is the problem. if there was ever a time when we needed a functioning government here in the united states, it's now. so i wasn't at all suggesting we don't need governments. i think we are having a crisis of governance on multiple levels and if our government is failing us, at least our federal government in many ways although incredible people holding things together with great agencies like the cdc and fda, you'll be better if we had an fdr but we don't have it and so we all need to step up to play a role that most people don't -- post people go on with their lives and don't think it's up to them to prepare for some kind of hypothetical deadly outbreak and that's why i pay taxes, somebody ought to be doing it and what we see here is equivalent, you have a fire department and you don't adequately fund and you let the culture shout down and you

inshulte them -- insult them and you berate them and it's no big deal until we have fire. we need governance in the absence of government we need and the same is true on a global level. it's not coincidental that there's a total mix match between the nature of problems we face and the way we are organized to face them and that's why we can't -- we haven't been able to solve issues not just deadly pathogen which are the ultimate transnational agent, climate change, destruction of our oceans, all kinds of things and because we live in a world 2020 years of state. the first world wars show the balance of power state model was inherently unstable and so brilliant people like dean and others articulated a video, different kind of world where we pool our nationalism and our

sovereignty identities as happening in europe, but what we saw is that the countries weren't willing to give the international organizations the ability to do the jobs that needed to be done and the international organization as we have seen have all kinds of shortcomings. one of the things that you know that i'm working on now, i drafted on and put out in the world, we have a big community and 25 countries working on this, a declaration of global interdependence because we have seen the virus which is showing us how connected we are and what are we doing, we are putting up walls between our countries, not just walls between our countries but we have states that are barricading each other and wouldn't it be better if we said, hey, this is something, a virus that affects everybody. how can we work together to solve the problem and so i do think it's a transitional moment because if we don't come to this

realization that governments matter and governance matters on every level individuals alone can't do it. having said that, i've been encouraged by what i've seen just in the last few weeks, so many new and incredible communities forming. >> thanks, everybody. so you know with live in an exceptional time, i never heard exponential used so many times in the case of spread and george, you have been hacking biology. if we would think morris law down stream 10 years from now how might be we hacking our future prevention diagnostics and response to future pandemics

and responding to those who might emerge. you can sequence the new coronavirus, companies like novia in 3 hours made a dna, a dna vaccine and moderna with vaccine trials. maybe we can imagine what's possible through response, george first. >> so it is remarkable how fast we can reignite dna. keep in mind that the real bottleneck is no reading and writing the dna, it is the testing to make sure that we don't jump ahead of safety and efficacy test and i think we've got that lined up, you know, we can read and write in the order of a month and the safety testing takes somewhere between 12 months and 10 years.

just to go back briefly to the government. i agree it's not just government. the reason that the costs of all the things have come down 10 million fold is largely due to innovation which probably would have come about whether it was capitalistic or -- or -- or government funded or not. a lot of this was funded by industry and i think that will happen again. we need both and we need good governance of our companies as well as our nation and i think that's particularly clear in the questions asked, thank you. >> yeah, and so i would just add and you're a great person to answer this question as well daniel because you're thoughtful on this, but in addition to all of the progress that we are

going to make in all of the scientific tools that we need and you're right exponential is everywhere, but when we think about how long it took to go from the bronze age to iron age, all the things that used to take thousands of years. the seminole paper came out in 2012, 2018, 6 years later, the babies are born. we are in a world where science is moving at work speed so but i want to talk a little bit not just about the science but the super structure about the science. my talk about global institutions and i put out a piece last week on this, on my website, but why don't we have a super empowered agency, maybe it's part of the um, -- un,

agency, some of the top smartest people in the world, these are the top deadliest that we are dealing with and one deadliest is pathogen. just a few years ago a team in alberta created a synthetic version of horse pox, probably a few thousand dollars. this science is democratizing, there are bad actors that have could have access to the technology and if you really wanted to be disruptive now is a good example where you can say, wow, this is a good strategy for doing it, so why don't we have a un agency that is empowered and resource. we say it's your job to identify

the 6 or 7 most existential threats to the world and to humans and to develop a really smart thoughtful dynamic action plan for what we need to do and bring the world together and had we done that for pathogenic outbreaks which lots of people were saying we should, we -- you could at least imagine how we would have a response that wouldn't allow everything to break down as is happening now, but just imagine rather than this virus there has been nuclear detonation in two different cities. we would be having the exact same call. let's say it was new york and some other place, new york and -- i i don't want to jinx anybo. how can we live with nuclear weapons that are in the hands of bad guys. we have the urban centers and they could be wiped out. let's just say there's an ocean

collapse and working to save our oceans. imagine if we have an ecosystem collapse inside of the oceans and huge percentage of human population who gets their nutrition from the sea no longer has. we would be having the same call and we have to say, well, we can't be how do we solve the problem, how do we think about the whole group of problems that we may face and have a long-term systematic approach for addressing them. >> thanks, a lot of inbound questions. it's about the newest a certifications made by politicians, pundits, experts that the world has been fundamentally changed as we know it. what are some of the specific ways that industries and human relationships will change in the aftermath of this pandemic and i can start with george, how do you think academics and the way we collaborate and do science might change in the setting? >> well, it's already changed. you can see companies that normally would keep things

proprietary are listing full details on websites on how to make competing products, whether it's academic or some cases home and corporate, but that's one thing. it should change back as possible. i think the internet is becoming a much nicer place, a little less polemic and ideological. it's still there. a lot of 1999 niceness going on in the internet but in the science part, we are going to -- i think we will have a real boost to the kind of surveillance. i don't think we necessarily need the multinational thing that -- we know what the big existential threats are but what we need is creative sustainable business models where we can get everybody excited about -- about having something on their phone,

in addition to having, you know, 6 cameras on their phone, having a few sequencers on their phones as well, if that's affordable and i agree with debra about equity, we need to have equitable distribution of the technologies and one of them is to bring them down, you know, to a million fold or more. but i think that is going to get a boost and wouldn't it be great to have a bioweather map. people are fascinating with what the weather is and wouldn't it good to see on national scale, the drug resistance drugs are, whether you see kids go to day care today or not, that is really -- should be impacting our lives and is going to be hopefully a better cooperative pipeline between science and citizens and citizen science as well just like we are interested

in -- in weather and gardening and other sciences, this is something that could really affect our life both our inherit ance geoms. >> we could build the weather maps, google maps for disease and weather diseases. i was curious from debra how might this change academia, how we are doing online education virtualized and going forward? >> every university around the world had to confront the future very much than we would. education would inevitable move

more online but we've all been forced to it in one week we moved just in my institution, 1,142 classes online in a week. and we are learning what works and what doesn't work. you know, i think we are learning that there's many things you can do on line that may be better than you can do on the physical space and we are learning some things need physical space. we would figure out. i love your point to be data donors. i keep saying this to students and colleagues. everybody should be taking notes right now because this moment will pass in a blur. we need to be really documenting what works, what doesn't work, how we make it better and when we emerge from this how can we take the best parts of online and get it out there. for sure, online gives you the ability to give access. we put program online on friday and overnight we have 50,000

registrants. >> can i just -- can i just answer that quickly because it's such an important one, so i want to give one small example and then i want to kind of go big because when you have the made up name futurist in your title you have to prove it every day. it's not like my dad who is a doctor who just had a degree or my mother also, and so when i say specific i completely agree with the point that debra made. it's just my one example. 3 weeks ago i had a piece in cnn.com in editorial talking about 7 rules for virtualizing our lives and the point is we need to recreate the essence of the village that our grandparents or great grandparents or whomever left, this kind of virtual, emotional connectivity to compensate for our physical, social distancing and then 2 days later someone

who i had never met reached out and we talked and she was starting a company doing something else and i said, no, the wrong thing, what we need to do is we need to build a matching platform that connects retirees at home with skills, many of them socially isolated with kids sheltering at home in need of tutors, 8 days later we had a prototype and then we have site, eldera.ai and it's going live and people are signing up and life is moving at work speed but big picture, i think this is a really huge profound moment. i don't think that our lives are just going to snap back and the way i see this is it started out as governance crisis in the sense that if the chinese system had worked as it should have, we wouldn't be here. if the world health organization was empowered to do the job we set out for it to be set for it in 1948, we wouldn't be here. the government united states and

the federal government and trump administration had done its job, we wouldn't be here in this way. so the governance crisis became a health crisis. now it's becoming an economic crisis and i think that where this crisis is going to grow because life can't fully normalized until there's a vaccine, and then that governance, that economic crisis is becoming a serious of government crisis around the world, there was coup in hungary and likely that november elections will be attacked because if you're a bad guy and let's call it putin and you got away with it last time and you think, well, it's not like you want the united states to play the role in the world, this is the moment. you have israeli weekend. and -- weakened and i think that the crisis more in potential

geopolitical crisis and that's what we really need to be worried about. the united kingdom had the same number of soldiers and ships and weapons at the end of 1956 as it did in the beginning but in the middle of that year was the seuss crisis and a change that had been happening suddenly became clear. the game is open and the game of national governance but even the whole global power structure, so i really -- it's hard to make these kind of massive predictions but i will do it anyway. i think this year 2020 is really the end of the post war world. historians look back at now, 100 years from now. the post world war, 1945 to 2020. 2020 something new hopefully started to be created. we don't know what that is and that's why coming together to try to imagine it and to together build it is so

important. >> great, i think we have a few minutes and take a couple more questions. how do you see the future telemedicine and telemedicine in makeup and george, personal sequencing, can we imagine in the near future have our own digital twins that can look at genetic makeup and risk of coronavirus and immune response, might there be the not and have's, where might that go? >> again, i so much agree with debra that we don't want to create have and have not's and that requires i think innovation more than anything else. we need to -- if we are going to make digital versions of ourselves, we should do it -- we can do it in such a way that is

dirt cheap, in a certain sense, everybody who has access to smartphones even if they have to borrow from someone next to them can access world information and include these personal components, but there are other technologies that are equitably distributed which are biological because biology grows by itself. you have to, for example, smallpox is something which is equitably distributed, one of the technologies that everything on the earth has access to, nobody has to pay even a penny to -- to get a new smallpox drug or new smallpox vaccine because it's extinct. we need to use that as a lesson to where we need to be going with technologies in general.

some would be easier than others. i hope that's where we are going with equitable distribution. and also they'll be some -- even though i'm -- i should be championing first of all medicine and therapies having a role in both, i think there's a growing need for generic so there will be, you know, things that affect diseases that really impact huge number of people and they would be less expensive because the denominator is so much larger. the clinical trial is spread out over billions of people and these things include vaccines, aging reversal, all of aging, dying prematurely, if we could get things to impact everybody and get price of generic drug or

lower very quickly. >> i can sort of imagine on the question of telemedicine, even the bottom billion has sms phones and smart phones and they can pick up how you're moving, vital signs and delivering of digital information, digital therapeutics, maybe you can reprogram your smartphone with digital diagnostic that can screen for particular viruses and print out vaccine in local manner and we are seeing through this pandemic a bit of democratization of access information and using it and i'm hoping with app for w.h.o., sensor for those regular health but also responding early. so just a little bit over time. debra, closing comments, debra, george and jamie to take the phone. >> the best we can do at this moment is not, not lose the

advantage of a good crisis so we have a very good crisis here. it's truly global. i remain less optimistic than jamie perhaps but willing to be convinced and i think if we can get headway of any of the collaborative teaks that george are working on and daniel you're describing and find out how to use our personal information to advance the greater good, then it would have been a crisis worth surviving but we know a lot of folks getting on the band wagon so that we make sure we get the good out of the crisis and not the very real evils that are lurking as well. >> george. >> yes. so just i agree with that. this is the once in a lifetime thing we hope, but what if this has accelerated. it seems like the number of pandemics is increasing.

what if the next coronavirus or other virus, so i hope we don't forget, i hope our memory is so much better. this has finally gotten our attention. it's no longer about we can make up facts, you know, let's dribble a couple of dollars, scientists, sometimes they are entertaining. this is really a crisis not of tanks and chemical wins and hydrogen bombs, this is a crisis of nature invading our space and we are ill prepared for it, could be for very inexpensive way, just more creativity, we could be prepared for the next one which may not be a lifetime away. it may be two years away. it could be before we are even done with this one the next one comes. that's what happened in 1918 flu, the second wave was more

serious than the first one because there was selection for id separate quickly through the -- because all the people in the military were only shipped back if they had really serious disease and so it started spreading on that route. i hope we are paying attention as we said earlier taking notes. >> yeah, i think in this era now we have the ability to have darwin hopefully hack our response and we can argue that the silver lining is that some of the new innovations from public health to how we educate to, you know, even if many folks have mortality, morbidity, economic impact, the things that will merge out of this may benefit in better ways and i love the quote from, you know, folks thought it might be a disaster for nasa and the head

of johnson space center. this might be nasa's final hour and takes a new mind set and collective to do that. jamie, take us home. >> so i want to end on an even more hope with love and respect to deb. i want thank and such an honor to have you in this event so thank you, thank you and to our cohost. here is why i feel -- i feel hope. a hundred years ago there were 2 billion humans on earth and we had about a 20% literacy rate. any problem that we had we had about 400 million people that could contribute to solving it. that's a lot of people. now we have 7.7 billion humans, we have an 85% literacy rate. that's 6.5 billion humans who are -- who can't have the potential and we are all networked to come together to

solve the problems so we are horrible species and certainly destroying our planet but we are a magical species that can do great things that no other species perhaps can even imagine, so that gives me hope and then just maybe a call to -- arms is probably wrong word, this is all hands on deck to everyone and this is touching everybody on earth and everybody has a role to play from big to small and whether it's george helping to find a vaccine, find the cure, daniel, you bringing together the greatest innovators, medical innovators and health innovators in the world to find new ways to innovate and deb finding you ways for us to learn and built new communities, we are all going to be -- everybody has a role and we have to do this together and everybody even anybody that is sitting home and

i guess if you're watching home you're not binge-watching netflix, if you are binge-watching netflix you're not appreciating not just the magnitude of this moment but what's required of each of us so not sort of referencing churchill. this is a terrible time and we can together make it our finest hour and that's why coming together in events like these and sharing ideas i think is so important and that's why i thank you and all the participants for being part of this. >> thanks, jamie, how do we get your now edition of your book? >> i thought you would never ask, daniel. it's available everywhere. the e-book until midnight tonight thanks to source book. you can get anywhere, but just wherever books are, if you go to your local bookstore, please be careful, wear a mask, do all the things that george says but i

would just order it if i were you. >> great. with that, thanks to debra, thanks to george and jamie and thanks to organizers and sponsors and we will see you into the future. >> all right, thanks so much, daniel, bye. ♪ >> as the coronavirus continues to impact the country here is a look at what the publishing industry is doing to address the ongoing pandemic. several bookstores including city lights in san francisco and literary in michigan have asked donations through website gofundme. the stores have raised 450,000 and $100,000 respectively. bookstores around the country continue to provide remote services for their customers through online sales and virtual author events and patch it, novelist and coowner in nashville describes how her

bookstore try to adapt and we make our plans, we change our plans, we make other plans. this is a new world order. and publishers weekly recently conducted a survey of independent bookstores according to the report on average a minimum of 35% of sales in march were online and over half of the responding bookstores had to let go of 50 to 100% of their employees. in more news npd book scan report that is despite effects of the coronavirus, book sales for the first quarter were down 1.3% compared to last year. however, march sales dipped 7% from the year prior. publishers continue to make changes to their publication schedules and many have announced layoffs in the closures of distribution centers. recently one of the country's largest book printers, lsc communications filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy. book festivals and conferences continue to be canceled. the city's printer row lit will

take place in september. book tv will continue to bring you new programs and publishing news. you can also watch all of our archive programs any time at booktv.org. >> you're watching book tv, television for serious readers. up next new york times columnist ross douthat and later cent garrett and jeanne ellsworth details and for more information on cable guide or online at booktv.org.