it's more than that. partnering with a thousand community centers to create wi-fi so students from low income families have the tools they need to be ready for anything. >> comcast supports c-span as a public service along with these other television providers giving you a front row seat to democracy. >> next a discussion about whether china has gone too far trying to be the world's number one superpower. she argues that reaction from the rest of the world will hinder china's plans. this event was hosted by the steamboat institute in colorado. helen came as a college student

with a craving for freedom, helen's pocket was life that her dreams were rich and an mba from the university of wyoming. to survive under the socialist regime, she is a contributor to the federalist and her writings have appeared in "the wall street journal." in metro denver where she lives with her husband and those include the colorado state advisory committee to the u.s. commission on the civil rights and others. what impresses me is her courage and love of america and precious

freedom helen became a citizen in 2013 and she takes her oath to protect and defend the united states of america very seriously. by publishing her latest book which is of course for sale in the lobby and she will be signing after tonight's event, her book backslash how china's aggression has backfired. helen is shining a spotlight on the repressive tactics of the chinese communist party and is providing a wake-up call to americans who in brace socialist ideologies like those she and her family painfully endure in china. helen has been attacked on social media and regularly receives hate mail in her inbox even including death threats. i can't remain silent on things that matter because as martin luther king jr. once said, our

lives begin to end b the day we become silent about things that matter. let's give a warm welcome to helen raleigh. [applause] >> it's nice to be back at the steamboat institute. i'm a great admirer over the years for those of you that are here who are supporters of this ergreat institute, thank you and for those of you that are not yet and who are going to watch this t someday on the internet f social media, i encourage you to check out this great institution and give support to help

continue the evidence of freedom for all of us. i want to keep my remarks short. it attracts the most so every time i speak here i get to the most interesting thoughtful questions especially the interactions. i want to know what's on your mind on the china policies and what you think we should do. i'm only going to focus on three questions. the three questions will be why did i write this book and second, what other aggressions, the book talks about

aggressions. and the title of the book is backslash. is there backslash, because i don't see it. the first question why did i write this book. a short answer is like all of you, i had tons of time. i couldn't go anywhere for more than a year. so the serious question i read theus book out of frustration. i was frustrated because for four decades since president nixon visited china, the u.s. foreign policies through china was largely w a failure. it was based on illusion and the need to understand what the communist party really is. so the misunderstanding is as

long as we engage the party it means if there is a mcdonald's then people will change. the regime will change, so for the longest time it's almost all western democracies in this illusion that as long as we engage in the party, economically eventually they will become more like us and they will embrace the democracy. we realized that that is an illusion. i'm not saying economic and engagement was a bad idea

because there was limited to supply to get up at three or 4:00 in the morning to stand in long lines in orderes to get soe cooking oil or sugar so i remember the first time thanks to the opening of economic engagement. it took me 20 minutes to eat an apple pie that was only this big. the reason it took me 20 minutes, i savored every bite. i never had a something so sweet and tasty. now i stay away from them because i want to stay fit, back then i didn't care. it inspired me to someday go to the places that you could eat as much as you want.

what we did wrong is we assumed that they somehow change behaviors. let me explain the true character ofof the communist party. the communist party is a party that believes in overall power. it will do anything it takes to remain in power. power is the only justification for what it will do. so that's why the communist party has been deeply hostile.

from 1949 because it is embraced to such as free and open elections, rule of law, opposition parties, open debate on ideas. they see all of those democratic values as a challenge to take power and stay in power. that's why the communist party has never been friendly. they will never change. they will never embrace democracy so we need to treat them as who they are and not who we wish them to be. i wrote this book not for the policymakers but when i wrote this book i kept all of you in mind because i think we the people need to become electoral because the politicians.

their incentive is how to get elected so we need to be smart when we look at candidates. we elect to the people to make the rules and policy decisions. i think it is time we educate ourselves to say here's the issues when it comes to the foreign policy dealing with china. let's look past the rhetoric. we need to do that because for thewe last four decades, as thee

was this unconditional economic development at the same time we didn't take in national security and we are willing to compromise individually they will change. that was obvious after 1989 tiananmen square massacre. it was a weak communist state as the gdp per capita was $400 so we had a lot of economic political leverage with some concessions. do that. instead, the u.s. as well as the allies look past the states and pretend we don't see them

because of the engagement now we are dealing with an authoritariante state and at the expense of a our own economic decline on every front they are seeking power not just regional power in asia but china and the domination of how can they build an alternative different from the world order that would guarantee the peace and prosperity of world war ii. that's why i have you in mind and it was easy to understand so that is the first question. the second question, what are the aggressions we are talking about so that we approach the structure of the book the first

layer i focused on on the human rights violations and persecution all that this is a digital fortress and keeping it up 1.4 billion people under tight control and the layer with historical content how they come to target what the persecutions and how they build this fortress but i want you to also focus on the soft tactic because too often we are focus on the hard tactics and it's true there are

a lot of brutalities like imprisonment, forced abortion and i also want you to focus on the soft tactics. it's about the social contract nobody else will agree with but in today's communist party, chinese people as long as i can guarantee you can have a material wealth then you shouldn't demand for freedom or political wealth. is that really enough because i can share with you thish interview i read he said i have two cars,, several houses.

i do not lack anything material wise but basically here's the challenge. i cannot worship whoever i want. i'm not allowed to open and display a picture of dalai lama. i've been rejected multiple times into the government will not let me travel abroad. so basically to conclude i have everything except freedom. it's important that we care about what's going on in the hard tactics we should also focus on what's going onus in te soft tactics. i describe the soft tactic just be happy you have a roof over your head, food on the table, don't think about anything else. that isn't who we are as a human

being. we want to be able to have agency. we need to focus on the hard tactics and soft tactics and come to oppression domestically so that is layer number one. number two, mainland china so it's happening in hong kong and taiwan and the south china sea. i would be glad to talk about and answer questions on high hong kong and taiwan but i want to direct your attention to the south china sea because we don't pay enough attention to what's going onug even though it is extremely important and reflects a new tactic that's the thing we are dealing with that comes to new tactics with its aggression and so what's happening at the south china sea is an example

with the gray zone tactic so it means it's about the territory without using military so basically it enables the country to expand its territory without having to fight a traditional war. that's what we call the gray zone tactics in the south china sea so 90% of the trade going with china and including malaysia, philippines and vietnam shares claims on this body of water. there is a historical dispute and this is also an area with

huge oil and gas deposits. it's a huge deposit of resources, so all the countries share this body of water. what china did was under the first administration they first use the reef in one of the south china seas and the united states did not object. the countries nearby, they were not sure what china is doing. we want to make sure that we can have stations here so that when the fishermen get in trouble or reportro about whether people ae like okay that's fine. so, from the first china

reclaimed 3,000 acres of land through building artificial land islands with these three years. once they build this island will they have runway hangers, radars in the stations with troops will they establish new administration districts and also older surrounding waters are now the territories but by doing that they expanded its claim of the south china sea to 90% so generally it's supportively sharing international bodies of water and now it's in their own backyard. now any fishermen from our

country if i build it, it's mine strategy so that is the reasonable tactic. if you want to really understand thatat because now based on its success they are using the same strategy to expand so last month they published a discovery in the border a small country that

shared borders and for the longest time it claimed those lands so once they build it, it's bears and the reason they did that it's basically adjacent to india. will will. they want to make a land exchange. i will give you these three villages if you give the other

area. so so far it is a small country to pretend you didn't know it's happened. but the foreign policy investigation report is totally shocking and the fact that it's constantly expanding its tactics but so far received no objections adds to the frustrations so those are the things we need to know. we do not currently have a good strategy to push that back. so, that is the second layer. third is about the global expansion and this is a big area because it covers so many things

in the economic standpoint some of you may have heard about this. particularly the chinese bank will finance infrastructures like building roads and ports using their own suppliers and workers. they really borrow money from the chinese bank but for many of them it's a death trap to let them use the resources, so it is genius idea and like so many other things we thought about it

and then we shift our attentions and put their own resources behind it so that's our economic front and the education front in the program which is recruiting the scientists as well as researchers basically telling them i'm going to giveas you ten year in the institute or university. all you have to do is bring your research you are currently doing, share with us and keep it quiet from your employers and so last year for the first time the department of justice charged a

chemistry professor sharing his technology with china without letting his employer know and by the way he's researching using our tax dollars in his research so that is on the education front and there's also information that happens in the media especially social media and it is about 50% of twitter as well as the likes of the

diplomats and the information that's favorable about 50% came from the trolled accounts so the thing is even though they are gradually finding what comes out and closing them but before they close them, they give the impression that this may be something legitimate being influenced the account owners affiliated in the states so the information especially we see the misinformation that is

especially huge in terms of that information between the united states and china. so that's the third layer. a segway obviously you cannot write a book without a chapter about the pandemic. and it's the icingmo on the cake aggression together. if you look at how we know about the pandemic we look at how the chinese government party reacted and there was a lot of cover up in the early days.

now we knew that they suppressed the scientists and the doctors and whistleblowers and preventet the media from reporting about it and the journalists to talk about what is really going on. and so, the university basically come out with a study last year that showed for a pandemic, the early days it was the most crucial time. the sooner you can take action the sooner you can prevent the spread and limit the scope so basically according to the university study, half of the chinese government disclosed the only information they knew about six weeks earlier. the scope of the pandemic needed to be reduced by 90%.

ninety, not 19 but 90 so it was more transparent after locked up in our homes for 12 months. when people ask me why should we care about. i said the pandemic. now you realize the government doesn't care about the well-being of its own people. we didn't do anything to stay in power and the pandemic showed you eventually it's going to impact you, us, our house and well-being. that's what we should care about. so that is about aggression. now let's talk about the backlash. so, the backlash i believe there are. i finish writing this book last

year probably around september and i see more backlash now compared to the time i was writing about it. even back then i would see several sources of the backlash. first was the public opinion. so, pew research did a worldwide research last fall and public opinion of china as well as the communist leader dropped to 75%. so, because of the pandemic as well as hong kong, it dropped at 75% the communist party is actually facing unprecedented political isolation because of what's happened with the pandemic because of the impact so to me that is the biggest backlash. there is also other backlash. under the trumpp administration,

i assume this crowd is very friendly to the trump administration but for those who are not familiar with the trump administration especially with the president, we have to give him credit. i think for the foreign policy was one of his bright spots. the fact he didn't talk about it often i think was a failure of his campaign for the reelection because i mentioned in my book his administrationy was the firt american administration to have secretary pompeo talk and visit the friedin conference and he's my favorite from the trump administration. so, the trump administration was the first american administrationti that understood the true nature of the communist party. and you heard secretary pompeo talk about it many times that the trump administration treated the communist party as who it really is and not who had wished it to be. for the first time they brought

us back to foreign policy. not only that, the trump administration also was the first administration not afraid to bear costs to challenge for its aggressions especially domestic aggressionsns because today china is one of the most powerful armies and second largest economy since it is very high there is no cost. too many of our government to successions in the u.s. administration as well as our allies are so afraid because they do not want to bear that cost but the trump administration was the first one going to bear the costs and they didn't know so they did these things i don't think any other administration what to do. they signed a human rights act for hong kong and for the

uighurs and theyy blacklisted companies and sanctioned and targeted and sanctioned seniors, senior communist party officials. that never happened before. so i would call that backlash and not only from the u.s. administration standpoint but a lot from the media especially last year that the trump foreign policy was always about going along, nobody cared. it's not entirely true. we could use an example. many of you heard about the networks something that they had been pushing really hard so the chinese companies even though it was a private company, not really private. it had a verya deep tie with chinese military and the government. anyway, so one of the national

champions supported by the chinese government and they would build these networks throughout the world and the trump administration had to be warning them do not use them to build your network because it could be a huge security risk. by the way the security risk had been proven this year by several of our allies especially in australia. anyway so the trump administration had been telling her allies do not use the 5g. but one of our closest allies was the united kingdom and under the administration, the johnson administration, boris johnson even last year said no we are going to because it is cheap. they were subsidized by the government.

a businesspersoner can tell you know business could really sustain that, so he said we are going in to do this because they are cheap even after pompeo greeted the united kingdom to say we are going to stop sharing intelligence with you because we don't feel comfortable and johnson was still like know, we are going to do this because it is cheap and something we can afford. then guess what, the pandemic happened and also the chinese government increased its crackdown in hong kong right in front of our eyes. it was really tragic but anyway, by may the administration announced that it will not use them to build its network. so again the pandemic became a wake up call and the backlash continued through this year.

the biden administration as well as the eu united kingdom and canada joined together and launched a target against a few chinese officials over the human rights violations so you see the backlash continue. it hasn't become a big wave yet. that's where you come in. because the change in administration, let me make a few comments about the biden administration and i will end andafter my comments. the biden administration came in their general approach was anything the trump administration is for, they are against accept in the area of china. the biden administration continued the policy such as the targeted sanctions against the communist party officials as

well as blacklisting certain companies affiliated with chinese military. byby the way the biden administration my biggest concern is it demonstrated two things one is like the previous administration there is a gap between what they say versus what they do and trump had the same problem so with trump he made us cringe when he us cringn these policies because he saw people who are really strong on national security. he even hadro a policy that was tough on russia and china. the administration was kind of

the exact opposite. they will talk about china and russia but even in the policies they've been very soft so even though the administration continued if you policies on china i think we are very revealing with what happened between the diplomats. keep in mind alaska chinese came out our invitation. i don't know if you have read any reports about what happened in that meeting. basically the chinese diplomats used the talking point, scolded our diplomats on u.s. soil and were aware talking about no

rights or possessions to talk about any values. the biden administration could not amount to a strong powerful defense of our country because we were the ones who also used those talking points during the campaign and for years that's how they talk about america so because that's how they talk about america they scolded them in the same because our diplomats had the same doubts

about whether america is truly great or not. they couldn't do that on a diplomatic front, how could they do it in any other front? i don't want you to leave here depressed so i'm going to end with a quote from winston churchill. winston churchill said americans always know, america will always do the right thing after they've tried everything else. we are at a state that we will try everything else but i hope with our efforts we educate ourselves enough and we will go back to doing the right thing so thank you. [applause]

okay we have received some good questions so let's dive right in. earlier this year the foreign ministry announced that china is providing free vaccines to 69 countries and commercially exporting them to 28 more. china's competitors are concerned that for china's covid vaccines the influence will follow. what are your thoughts on the vaccine diplomacy efforts? good question and definitely what they tended to do to use the vaccine to basically rebuild its reputation again like i mentioned but i can tell you the good news so far is the vaccination is successful because the vaccines, the

efficiency is only about 60% and we don't even know if that is accurate so even their own cdc announced pfizer for the booster shots for their own citizens in china to increase. it has the power as well as resources to help the geopolitical influence. >> do you think it's accurate to say china has used the crisis to gain its influence across the globe?

>> i think the party definitely tried to do that. that's why you see all of this misinformation especially on social media from chinese diplomats as well as because they really control the who, so the investigation in china and this whole fact-finding about the region wasn't very successful and came back with nothing. so, to blame it's a frozen food, the u.s. military who bought it but we have enough research in china and they want countries to look for anywhere else. but because now it's become a credible scenario because thanks to the research by individuals around the world it is truly an

amazing story. our media as well as scientists and scientific establishments rejected the theory because they thought if trump said it it must be a lie so they not only stop talking about it but they actually censor anyone, any scientist or researcher that wants to talkk about it and gues what, there's the power of the individual, the power of the free market so there is a group of individuals that never met before. there's a really wonderful piece by "newsweek" just a couple of weeks ago there's a group of individuals that organize themselves and call themselves drastic. basically researchers that open source information, all open source information because none of them have classified access, so they research open source information and post everything they found online. in the research they were able to find incredible evidence to show that it's very likely it's

from a lab so they were able to convince some scientists from the establishment which then meant basically they brought this whole theory back to life. sentenced to death by this group of individual and because of that i don't think china is winning the pr war because now even countries hesitate to challenge china even organizations like the who, although i doubt his sincerity but even he has said we need to do more investigation to find the origin of the coronavirus. so they are not winning the pr war on that. >> what do you think the u.s. should be doing diplomatically on vaccine distribution to reinforce our allies and u counr

china? >> i think the donation program the biden administration announced was a good way. i'm so glad president biden decided instead of forcing the drug companies to share their patents. to me, forcing a company to showtheir patent not only violas their rights but the thing is it's very difficult to make a vaccine so many other countries simply do not have the facilities to make a vaccine. if we force the drug companies to share, guess who's going to have it, the communist party, they will have it for free and use it to advance their vaccine diplomacy, so i think it is a much better option and i'm so glad president biden, hopefully somebody talks him out of it and now he announced we will donate, make a donation and i think that is the right thing to do as more of us get vaccinated if we have

extra we should donate to make sure those like india which is our ally and huge, very important ally in the geopolitical conflictnd with cha especially in asia many of you heard india is facing a very serious challenge so we should help our allies and help make extras available. >> as you know the chinese communist party is made up of a number of factions. the two major factions trade and control the party between 2000 and 2012. each had a different agenda. what group now controls the party today and why? >> again going back to the true nature of the communist party even the so-called liberal wing of the party their ultimate goal is still about power, how to

remain in power and do anything it takes so they may be a little bit more liberal on the economic front and may be more willing to off the market. they may be a little more tolerant but the bottom line they will never embrace democracy again because the elements of democracy presents a serious challenge to the communist party's survival so they would not do that. but before the current, i do have to say before the current president, before he came to power in 2012, the previous two leaders of the communist party they were relatively tolerant. i would say they were less ambitious that way so they

basically followed the guidance. he was this paramount leader and he was pragmatic and launched an economic reform, he was much more pragmatic and based his success and strategic guidance that said we need western money technology to help us build our state so wait for your time and do not stick your head out and be aggressive on the international stage so that is how they pretty much followed that guidance and that gave china time to not only build itself economically but also the chinese people experienced a relatively more open period politically in china but that

all changed when the current leader came into power in 2012. he modeled himself after so if you go to china now there are portraits everywhere and his book is the best seller. 1.4 million people to buy it and also he controls all the power himself so he was called the chairman of everything because he controlled everything under him so that is the way china is actually going back to more and the honeymoon of that short period and because the current leader is relatively young only in his 60s so he is going to be there and also made himself president for life so he's going to be there for a long time so china is not going back to

openness it's actually going the other way. it's more looking inward much more totalitarian compared to the past. >> my segue to the next question there are 92 million communist party members out of 1.5 billion people in china. is there a backlash against any ofle these government programs from their ownin citizens? >> i guess if there is it isn't reported. i think that if there was unofficial news are especially during the pandemic there was a lot off anger about why they did not step up so basically the communist party membersrs even though they are more in terms of the population that anybody can apply to join the communist

party but they will not just take anyone so basically you have your first join up and i mentioned in my book about the experience you first have to be selected in the program from six to 14 you have to have good grades, come from a good family and then you move from that to this other program for teenagers and younger people and once you are in that program then you have to demonstrate you understand, you have to have good grades, be smart, come from a good family, so it's very elitist and once you are in this party you will be holding a key position in the party, education, just key positions throughout the country so you are groomed to be the leaders to

carry communism forward so there was some backlash against certain parties during the pandemic. there waspa a story about one of the hospitals overrun by patients. the chief doctor was mad about the communist party member who didn't show up. it's rare for anybody to speak up in a press conference in china but he was so frustrated he spoke out in a press conference and said where are the communist party members. i want them to report to me right now because we need anybody who can train patients to be on the front line and of course that story was taken down quickly so nobody talks about that anymore. but i believe there's definitely some it just doesn't get

reported and people are generally freighted to talk to the foreign press. for that purpose you don't talk to people so it's difficult to get the first-hand information out of china. how can we expect to control china if they control the material for the renewable energy and we don't want that supply stopped? >> that is a good question. i'm so glad somebody asked about that. so, the short answer is it can be done except we do not have the will to do it and do not willing to bear the cost so let me give an example. it's not renewable energy but it's related. how many have heard about rare earth minerals? okay a lot of you. for those of you that do not know what that is, rare earth

minerals are 17 minerals that are crucial to the economy, they are widely used like building batteries, electrical cars, crucial, crucial even for solar panels. we, the united states have huge deposits of these rare earth minerals and back in the 1980s we were the ones who knew how to get those minerals out of the ground and process them. we had that technology. now what's happened? there are so many other businesses the industry decided we should go to china so that it will be cheaper to produce over there so basically our businessmen went to china and taught them how to process the rare earth minerals and then here back home with environmental laws and it's difficult and expensive to do mineral extraction so we acted

out of that industry so china controls 90%, i should say not now but in the recent years china controlled 90% of the worldwide rare earth minerals apply not because they had the biggest deposit but because china has the monopoly and technology how to extract the minerals. .. >> all kinds of natural resources. so actually i wrote this article for national review

using this as an example. using those threats in japan he could not depend on china for its minerals so it does to thing of japanese government to form a task force that they stand there is so those that have rare earth minerals to have the technology or money so there was a task force and those other countries and then to diversify the x is with innovation the solar panel

companies to innovate to reduce the dependency on rare earth minerals and finding alternative materials that you could use. it was painful but because the japanese effort but it's not 90. so it can be done but the thing is that we are businesses. and to be show surfside on —- so shortsighted. and then the national security

issue and then to reduce the dependencies. just with the polar opposite we are not there. and those that would say that's what we will do. and then not worry about the backlash. that is a national security issue. what about the media to join the backlash? can happen. >> i don't know. [laughter] >> and all for social justice

so the biden administration makes juneteenth the federal holiday and then to be free of slaves but at the same time and with the supply chain from china it was influenced and then to be off balance of a huge hypocrisy so how could the way you influence the then all thehe corporations behavior and with that regime that doesn't believe anything that's when the times come that's and i am saying and

then the communist party why should we embrace that. >> i would be writing a lot of articles criticizing about that butti as consumers because they are dominated but because they are so conscious. but then to take any position thatng they can that these the

power of our wallet. and with those hypocrisies. or if they directly monitor and control the average chinese citizen by monitoring all activities in literally applying a personal score to determine what a person can do. >> and then to control and watch over. one is a facial recognition technology. they have 600 minute cameras

on —- 600 million cameras around the country even if you have a mask they know who you are and there's no way to hide. it's what they call a social critic system you think if i paid my bill t on time that they assign 1000 points to each citizen it measures your shopping activities if you put your trash out correctly if you ever have a red light because there are caught cameras everywhere and all the

social media feeds into this giant system. there is a lot of data. that that is for example complete about the chinese communist party is that different from the government merit on —- the narrative. the points would be directed. and then to make a promotion or a better raise maybe your kids have a better school. but then to o say that maybe

don't get the promotion evening are the better employee or the kids were rejected from a school. or if you apply for the loan they will not give you a good rage. that now you cannot travel anywhere. you cannot buy train tickets oror airline tickets or your licensese plate. you will be stopped that happen too many chinese dissidents when they find out they just couldn't go to a meeting or meet their congress because they are not allowed to travel. so that social critic system and then to bring that to reality.

and then that was provided. and how to build that surveillance system. and then to other authoritarian countries. and again coming back to what have we done just like the coronavirus. we actually found it from the wuhan lab. but then it comes back to us. we need to educate ourselves. know what is going on. we need to demand transparency and accountability from the

businesses before we point our fingers to our side. host: a final question, with her own culpability learning with doctor fauci and the funding of gain of function research, does appear there has been a cover-up. do you believe the world and allies and other countries will eventually come together. and then hopefully it will. >> first of all i am pessimistic of the origins of the coronavirus with the

scientist of the lab and with that investigation and then to spend one week quarantine with that wuhan lab all the people are readingng the report and that longer time between that much between that happen. so i am pessimistic to say this is a wake-up call to hate

to say this but then we deserve a national crisis. andri the cover-up and then we'll have to surrender our liberty again. so ass long as we keep pressure. and then what happens with the coronavirus because this is a worldwide event very few people they could claim so there is pressure so with a politician in our country?

we don't have to investigate. and with that. host: that they have to make an announcement of the coronavirus origin will they really put actions behind those demands? and then to take way from the coronavirus. the biggest take from coronavirus is we should never ever surrender our liberty your individual freedom to

forsake the answers. and those exchange the liberty for safety then youup wind up with neither because it's not a fair trade and learning fair lesson the past 12 months and that experience of how that was brought back to life. and they really don't know more than they do but just pretend. they lied to us. so never never surrender for when the next crisis hits we have to take the responsibility and keep the focus for the politicians.

host: a great note to end on. [applause] her book backlash is for sale. and watch for this on the c-span2 booktv series go to steam by one —- stable institute.org with the charitable contributions. and with her important messages and to promote individual liberty and free enterprise be sure to follow the steamboat institute at the institute and now please go out and enjoy the reception

and book signing. thank you for coming. [applause]

>> david stewart use to practice law in washington dc. he gave that up over 15 years ago to write history. his first book is all about the constitutional convention in philadelphia called the summer of 1787. that was 2008. one year later he wrote about

the trial of andrew johnson. then focused on aaron burr, james madison, now in 2021 he takes a look at george washington and in his words , his mastery of politics. >> of foreign minister south korea with more than 30 years working in international diplomacy with the eight secretary-general of the united nations january 2007. by that time he and his colleagues helped his impoverished and i war-torn country grow into one of the world's wealthiest. south korea is a model for other