the trial of andrew johnson. then focused on aaron burr, james madison, now in 2021 he takes a look at george washington and in his words , his mastery of politics. >> of foreign minister south korea with more than 30 years working in international diplomacy with the eight secretary-general of the united nations january 2007. by that time he and his colleagues helped his impoverished and i war-torn country grow into one of the world's wealthiest. south korea is a model for other developing countries the

soft-spoken bond hope to focus the united nations with similar economic growth to other areas of the globe but a series of crises over the next decade for the ambitious economics. that included the arab spring the ebola epidemic, new conflicts in central africa sudan russia's incursion in georgia and iran and north korea all against a backdrop of the growing impact of climate change. with the power of un to bear to solve the world crisis the un became the focus of sharp criticism after deadly cholera outbreak for the un peacekeepers that were there to restore order after an earthquake. in his new memoir united

nations in aio divided world, the impact of the disaster and what he calls the difficult cousin of north korea. he also offers a candid assessment of what lies ahead. it is our pleasure to welcome you to the national press club to the virtual podium. you very much. a very kind introduction into speed to the members of the press club it is a great honor for me to have this opportunity. before i engage with you, let me just say a few words i appreciate first of all your interest in my memoir united nations in a divided war and

those that improve cooperation around the world to become global citizens and with the public service in korea 37 years and in the united nations as a secretary-general this is my first ever memoir i have never written a book in the past. but i thought it was my entitlement in my duty to share my experience. i just wanted to leave this

message as a second general the united nations and of the republic. as you may know my whole life was a struggle for democracy around the world i myself have gone through the turbulent period i was raised in 1950 and came of age in terrible poverty and watch my country go from dictatorship to a stable andh prosperous democracy with the help of the united nations. without them these experiences

grounded me for peace and opportunity and international cooperation and then also has a secretary-general for the united nations that i run or chair private or international organizations human rights and climate change and so many things and i have to wonder the lessons we have learned to look at alliances and refugees

who understand our precious conditions why are we not doing more? to me it lies with the leaders of the world. but then before the countries in before the people these rulers are selfish when they need to think is global citizens in times of extreme pressure such as covid-19 and also the climate crisis. i was disappointed even to see thepp rich and generous prosperouss nations and with

that g7 meeting at least one doses of vaccine. and to organize $100 billion per year to address climate change so including the united nations so in the 19 nineties as of today and to have that credibility with some internal individuals we need more alliances among citizens ngos

these collaborations of the paris climate change and the seven goals of sustainable development because combined that unique interest with resources and with this expansion and the military power. so for example our support responds with the violence

hundred 50 people have been killed more than 4500 people are now under detention as refugee and then why we appreciate the concerns of the israeli people unless those two state solutions are not respected by the people who suffer by the overpowering forces of israel. there for was the two state with the peace and development they must be protected from

that edict it is time for the united nations in the member states to create new for the united states and the nato forces for september ladies and gentlemen we have so much more ahead in fact that's one of the reasons i decided to write a memoir for lawmakers and anyone who aspires to make the world more health collection healthier and more peaceful no matter what you are in where you are thank you very much for your attention. thank you. >> thank yount for that intro.

your memoirs with your inner thoughts and feelings of the biggest events of your tenure. can you talk what it was like toen find the unleash your thoughts in this book it wasn't difficult to write? >> i could night right all that happened so just how to make sure that 350 pages additional be lower than 350 pages that with that collective that i thought should be the basis of the lessons and i wanted to show to let the people know and what used to be done and then

to be conceived in 1945 by the leaders that is very important lessons they have all left their own memoirs but time has always been different they must have their own challenges so everything should be more than enough and in terms of transportation and communication. why can we not do better than our predecessors? we have suffered a lot the most recently.

but that is caused not by the people that the leaders. sometimes they are the most powerful and strongest in the countries like the united states look what happened in the last four years of president trump and climate change was not respected jcpoa was removed by president trump. so this kind of leadership has shown no concern to the people so it is only the people on the ground who suffer. that is what i think it's heartbreaking. host: is there a future memoir for you too get out the rest of your thoughts?

>> i would not dare to write a second one. it took a long time. because i had the time. as a retiree but i am not just a private citizen. i still have responsibilities working at home and abroad that has made it very busy and difficult to find time but because of the lockdown with the company i could have more time to be writing may memoir otherwise it would've taken

much longer. but i found it is very difficult to write a book. >> now that you are staying busy retiring from the when you were appointed the head of the ethics commission of the olympics the next olympics have controversy with covid 18 in japan and the calls to boycott the games over beijing human rights what is in light of those controversies? >> each time each country may have certain problems. i think sports and politics should be separated sports should not be misused or abused because of certain issues.

of course there were some cases where countries decided not to participate like moscow in the eighties in the western block because of the pandemic and there was some sentiment that they should cancel this olympic games that the ioc and japanese government i am surprised they decided to carry on these olympic games. during my time we work very closely with the ioc for the sports.

and for those that will instantly mobilize power and passion and energy so we are thinking how we can get this power generated by the sport that is why i have been working very closely with the ioc commission and the former president to participate and with a torch bearing because every april 6 was designated as international sports day. so on that day we went organize a meaningful event for the spirit and corporation

and mutual respect and compassion and energy would also be used for peace and harmony so i'm happy to report this type of initiative. >> looking at your legacy of secretary-general is there a challenge you wish you could make a different decision on? >> there are many. looking back i thought it could be reformed so we could behave much better but when people talk about the united nations with the five most

powerful people in on many occasions they could not have been able to deliver timely and powerful messages because of the security council members but with syria in 2011 a lot of people had been killed at least six.6 million people had become refugees lebanon, iraq, egypt more than 5 million are in that poverty

level but this is a tragedy we have not been able to deliver on the humanitarian issues so now it tries to deliver food assistance. when it when it comes to the humanitarian not only syria but there soro many countries around the world whose people are just suffering andt cannot say anything. of course the ability to believe them and with the united nations as the secretary general but just

overall that general functioning of that system. >> and to specialize the agencies so with the expectation of the people but in many cases we have not been able to deliver as much that is what i am trying to reform but it is quite difficult and then we continued to carry on but it's the transparency and accountability. i think i made great

improvement. >> what other types of reforms would you like to see from the human? >> first of all i really tried to make the united nations transparent and comfortable i asked all staff to report financials to the ethics committee so the financial situation could be reviewed. also i really wanted to make it more transferable because

the tens of thousand of un stafff that are at the center of the headquarters like geneva or paris are all those places but then you can never come out of these places. i thought that was unfair and unreasonable. if you have those opportunities first of all it with that science and technology and then throughout the un system but there is one

aspect because of those justice issues we established for the first time we started a piece court. and starting a piece tribunal so whenever we had some issues to appear to bring this matter to the tribunal and if it is not satisfactory then they can go to the tribunal this is something from the united nations. >> you guided he went through a friday of health crisis as tenure including the ebola crisis in west africa.

what are your thoughts on the un's actions of the coronavirus pandemic? would you have done anything differently if you were in charge? >> i think currently corona in 18 should have a different approach. first of all all the un systems and then working together when that was in western africa and sierra leone the fertility rate was very high. much higher than coronavirus almost 45 percent fertility rate. so one out of two patients would die.

so for the first time in the history of the united nations it's established a mission the united nations mission for ebola ebola emergency mission that wasn't gonna and we were trying to help others countries. and then over one dozen places in africa but for the first time in history imaginations

are deployed with the united states and united kingdom with those military forces to block so pre- movement is a lockdown at that time so we were able to do that but in the case of corona 19 it was mainly done with the who that was at the beginning on the part of the united states the security council in the case of ebola even one day without a resolution was a serious

threat of the community now what happened to ebola? it took three months for the security council to declare covid-19 was a serious effect and because of that division between those western powers and china so there is a huge difference even as a former secretary general to appoint with whom i worked very closely but then i advised him that this issue have poor organization not who alone.

this is a lesson we must learn very seriously not to repeat the same mistake if and when this virus may happen it could happen at any time and devastating our ecosystem. so more and more pandemics may happen which is why we have to take action first of all to care and stating nature has his own way. but then pope francis principle as retired second general but very inspiring but

the pope forgives everybody. sometimes human beings forgives that nation on —- mother nature never forgets nature will never tolerate what abuse on —- humans have been abusing those privileges given to us by our nature so this is a lesson we should care. >> with your opening remarks you mentioned what the g7 is doing and donating vaccines to poorer countries. do you believe that wealthy countries and the g7or needwe to do more? >> i think the issue of many

other countries are only for themselves. and then to have that herd immunity and then then they become more with 500 million out of this with a

$100 billion and this is the first year to mobilize so i suspected they should have more rather than just the same 430 global leaders from the g7 to exactly that. and with that response to that meeting.

and then to do what they can. those three entities to be in a sustainable way and as you may see this is a standard development cause. so ass a way to let people know the importance that i am always wearing and talk about the importance of implementing

those targets that should be met. i with that mandate and responsibility as a citizen. >> with sustainable development goals do you think they will meet that —-em-dash on —- ambitious deadline? >> it was intended to help those developing countries and the result was not that successful. so it is the number of people but that was because of the

chinese contribution with almost 400 million people lifted out of poverty but then as they were targeted there were more than 60 million people in that many people were suffering from hiv-aids

but now we have nine more years to go mobilize all necessary resources use a partnership. >> and with that abject poverty that we should band that unnecessarily. >> you say the 2010 cholera outbreak destroy the reputation d in haiti and your critical of the lawsuits brought to the un is it fair

to criticize the victims and is there something the un can do to repair the reputation in the eyes of the haitian people? >> the only point is that they were not liable legally. of with that privilege. this is what i really wanted to say. as a human being and secretary general. i was the second person after secretary clinton to strengthen haiti.

and former president clinton as a special envoy to envoy on —- inviteea global leaders. nine.$9 billion in just a single day. then i went to haiti several times with the families of the victims and i try to improve those health systems. and the government was not

moving. and the politicians are fighting among themselves. that the relationship between the un and haiti is seriously punished because of this cholera epidemic and with the peacekeepers. o that'sac why we established the scientist and it was because of the confluence.

and then with the who. and that's why i established with the expert group. and then to try her best to organize.

but then in december 1st 2016. and then to do as much as we should have done and also i propose but unfortunately and has not funded much. so i'm not trying to avoid any responsibilities. and with those more responsibilities the un has

100 to un staff including the mission and the peacekeeping mission and commanding general that is the most number of sacrifices so what can the people do? >> the state department of the united states to have jurisdiction over this issue.

with that campaign but is not because of our lawyers by international law which declared it was not legally liable this is the enormous misunderstanding. >> is at the something that they could do and what are

some concrete actions make sure that never happens again? >> even now china and japan and korea and those of those neighboring countries but now

as i read this article and isn't doing much and the priorities sense to have so many bonding issues. it should be dealt with. >> you devoted a chapter what are your thoughts of the gaza strip in may and earlier this week?

>> but the best way of prosperity i was deeply concerned and nobody should blame that.

and troubling. and with those territories and that latest cycle of violence and hamas or palestine and the consequences and with those root causes for those long-term solutions. and so many times opposition

leaders and military leaders but it was one of the most but it reminded me of my own personal diplomacy as a conveyor belt. someone a crisis happened late december 2008 at that time

president bush administration was about to leave and condi rice and then to take any action. and then to be moving around but and then my idea was that they should declare cease-fire unilaterally. and then asking to do that and

then to continue to attack. and asking hamas to have that decision to israel how come

you are not doing anything? and then to talk about this crisis from syrian ambassador to egypt with that unilateral cease-fire. that's the way we could stop this violence. and then walking with the secretary of state and then to

convince the regional leaders. but then to sit down together that should not be open. and that should be a possibility. to see that cycle that

continuation that i expect the new prime minister and annexation and then that prospect of a two state solution.

and that more and more friends of arab states. thank you to the organizers of our events the membership director and cluban executive director.

and with the upcoming press club also recommending documentary filmmakers and on august 6 please join us to hear from us air force chief of staff who will speak about the air force mission and the ever-changing national security environment. but now for the last question. >> for the other parties what are there genuine concerns so

then you can never agree on anything. so that you can learn from water.

any first of all that this person is spending money like water. and what froze constantly from higher ground to lower ground and then to become corrupt.

and in the middle of the river if and when if it is absolutely necessary with the cement concrete buildings and to use that power in the negotiation. that's what the chinese

philosopher 2006. and to teach lessons to other people. and then you should be ready to be concerned as much as possible just insisting on her own always forever this is not sustainable with the middle

east and palestine. and with the genuine concerns that any negotiator should know. and with my day of diplomacy to respecthe and support from the other leaders and then to say what they use. >> and was very late for you in korea we have a student question for the last question

do you have any advice for becoming a peacekeeper and the nod —- nonmilitary field? >> this is a different era. and with that organization and the two things that i did as all records may indicate that for the first time as the

secretary general special envoy. with the youth empowerment and in charge of the empowerment because of scale and size those given to that special envoy with very strong messages and try to meet the youth and give a sense of hope

there are many available for a young people to have a life career and then i established my own foundation for global citizenship. you have much more area to contribute so when i was a

young high school boy i was fortunateas enough but the presence of the united states. and young people can do everything. and then ready to extend a helping hand so i have some

compassion and then to be a global citizen for the well-being of all the people and i really count on young generations of the future. >> thank you very much to talk about your memoir and current events. >> thank you very much. >> thank you for this opportunity.

michelle. for the rolling launch of michael's new book, the art of war in an age of peace. grand strategy and restraint. they don't really need much of an introduction. i will be very brief. michael is a senior fellow and