>> good evening i'm alan price director of the jfk presidential library. on behalf of my foundation colleagues in library thank you for watching tonight's program online thank you for joining us this evening. like to acknowledge the generous support of our underwriters the kennedy library forum bank of america, the global institute and at&t and our media sponsors boston globe and wbe are kennedy library education

program on civil rights and social justice are supported in part by at&t. looking forward to a robust question-and-answer period you will see full instructions on screen or comments on the youtube page. we are so grateful to have this opportunity to explore robert f kennedy's work with our distinguished guest this evening i'm delighted to introduce the speaker i am pleased to send a warm virtual welcome back to the library to patricia sullivan and professor of history of the university of south carolina the author and editor of books including lift every voice the naacp and the making of the civil rights movement. days of hope of race and democracy and the new deal era and freedom writer letters from the civil right movement

her new book is justice rising robert kennedy's america and black-and-white. and our moderator for this evening's discussion come in the inaugural professor of law and affiliate professor of history at harvard. his research and teaching is focused on constitutional history with a particular emphasis on race relations, politics and economics and the author of representing the race, a creation of the civil rights were and coeditor of what has changed and what has not with race in america. welcome back to both of you. thank you for joining us. >> thank you. it is a pleasure to be here

with my old friend patricia sullivan to talk about her amazing book. justice rising. for the viewers, professor sullivan and i will have a conversation until about 7:00 o'clock and as director price just mentioned, you can submit questions there should be instructions on the screen and around 7:00 o'clock we will transition over to q&a. so let's get started. i would like to start with the origins of this book and bobby kennedy's see you have been a historian for the civil rights movement with grassroots movement and the southern

writer and activist and organizations like the naacp. somebody kennedy maybe it follows from what you have written before. so when you write a book and what do you hope to accomplish when you start this project quick. >> thinks. it's great to be with you virtually and at the library. so the furthest thing from my mind but then we start to cover over generations with the reconstruction era my last look with the founding of 1910

really opened up the national framework of the national institutes of civil rights it is an amazing project to work on and it is a struggle of those guarantees and the sorts of activities the communities and the way with national development and how black migration is reshaping the racial landscape. and it is becoming more deeply entrenched. so with the brown decision

with the south and i went to take a fresh look at the sixties because it is an international issue and struggles around the country and we tend to look at the south and urban issues after 1964. i started reading and wrote a book proposal and kennedy would pop up. and then to mention bobby kennedy write a book about him. but then i realized to look at robert kennedy through the context of racial struggles and confirmation that would allow me to explore with the

larger context of racial change and at the same time that really had no idea. so this part of his public life is central and was largely overlooked so i get into it and it has been an amazing journey. >> . >> so it is as well as kennedy himself who they think they

know it is an iconic figure arthur's messenger says this book that has written about him and his brother. so what were the prevailing views of civil right starting this project? and what is said about that? >> their prevailing views were and then to be integrated into the context of the african-american struggle with those activities and then with doctor max and people like that and to be on the margins

of the civil rights movement and it could have been done but i tell my students what you find in the past and arthur's passengers biography was that i learned a lot from but a different type of context but now that the book is done i am surprised but would all of us missed and i was working with american history but if you say grassroots so really it is a fresh take and with those changes.

>> this is a book about a journey and america's journey through the sixties and bobby kennedy's journeys through the sixties so just tell the leader what that journey is like where does bobby kennedy and america began and where does the story end up? what do we learn from this journey quick. >> so i started out when i realize where the book would turn out but to be significant but hasn't been explored yet. and that aspect as an attorney general and a presidential

candidate it just highlights what i was exploring. and to be aligned and then to create a demand and what i found with kennedy and his brother is a president not only what was urgent but responded to the opportunities. >> so the question is what prepared robert kennedy to see and act that broke away from traditional politics so that was my home for so much of this and those resources they

are. and so i did some background up through 1960 and then characteristics about him he had a questioning spirit and that to tell the truth and then there's one incident early on that word is interesting to me with the university of virginia he was the head of the legal forum and as a third-year law student and with the nobel peace prize and noted civil rights activist at the time.

but then he thought that was ridiculous and with world war ii with the higher education and with the faculty and the president and they agreed so the first meeting on the campus 1500 people african-american he didn't become a crusader after that his daughter was born with a young married couple. but by that time in the fifties i tell what is happening with malcolm x and baldwin so things are heating up.

1960 campaign is a point with mass protests. so then to break in with the cold war and then when kennedy ran at that time of migration so he had the importance to figure out how to hold on to the south and get elected and then to see the country in turmoil in a positive way. i have to speed up because we just got to 1960 that there is evidence of him looking at conditions in urban areas.

he loves to win. that the time he becomes attorney general in 1961, he is ready. and then feed the complexity and the depth of the problem but he is oriented toward race. and then with an amazing justice department and then to quadruple the number of lawyers in the civil rights division for what is happening in the south but then they see how tough it will be. and then to tolerate and then

in alabama after the freedom riots and other public officials those are more at were with this country. aviation stop there but as it goes on, he's also looking north and just to mention one thing throughout the book in the spring of 1961 he's doing a tv interview and then walks up east harlem with a private not a publicized meeting and then he starts to look at the problems of the identity for young people of living in poverty and how to respond to that and began organizing

programs to provide support and recreation and job training and then that movement is in the national spotlight and with those urban areas are like. that was a long answer. >> that was great but to pick up on what you just said you said fairly early on in 1861 thinking about what with that entrenched that the racial problems in the north that this book justice raising

appearing at this moment that we are in the debate across the world like how entrenched is racial inequality? what should we do about it? what about people of color in the struggle against it? should black people be at the center of the struggle or interracial? you are describing kennedy being at the center of this analogous moment of the sixties but i want to start with the story starting the book with the famous meeting of african-american figures of james baldwin and a bunch of other people in new york. so describe that meeting for

our listeners. what does kennedy learn and why do you choose that is opening to frame the book? >> that was one of the incidents. the meeting occurs may 1963 and that month the birmingham crisis in protest explode across the country when people saw the protesters. it was at fever pitch and then they began immediately on more legislation and in the heat of this it was a really intense first period. and then to recommend the

attorney general for civil rights so baldwin. so they met and talk so it's about one year later and then done and in washington and then james baldwin just called people. his recollection result kennedy was someone he could reach or politicians and public figures that it was how things were in the north but kennedy went thinking he get some advice or insight to do

with the problems so there was no legal segregation at all. and then we go to the meeting and his intention with the so people gather and then they just talk and then one of the people was a 23 -year-old student from louisiana would've been beaten and this was 63 on the front line and

in new york with a broken jaw with those injuries he had endured so that just it just takes and things start rolling along. wait a minute it makes me sick to even talk about it and then he calls kennedy out and then kennedy looks to the others to say he is the person you should listen to. he is the one so what it shows is a communication gap. so it went on for three hours and kennedy tried to answer just told him all the things the government has done or

failed to do and then there is no real transcript but i did put together with people had with their meeting and at one point and just said it was a total gaff. and said if you don't get it we're in trouble. you and your brother are at the center. and kennedy sat there for three hours and then the people leave and there it is. everybody was shook up was the

most sporadic violent encounter. so that happened and people say that change so by 1963 he knew things were awful. but emotionally it was a thing but the one thing that came through and said no. why would i go? . . . .

are denying black people rights. so it's a dramatic meeting and i opened the book because i think it is a snapshot of that moment.

but two days later they are facing the challenges and the university of alabama. so what do you think in terms of how i approach that meeting and how it's perceived? he represented the failure in an abstract way. people had relationships and others who knew it wasn't personal and were tired of

having to thread the needle on the political pressures that of course they want to pass the civil rights legislation. >> i read the book of saying that it does resonate today they are educated and they are racial liberals on that side of the political spectrum but it is an era in which white people and black people don't turn frankly and it is in exchange what it's

like. the interaction, no contact. there's something to be mindful of and your point that yes they saw the change but they also understood the inpatients and when robert kennedy sees people living under these conditions, no access to education, no jobs, no way out, he understood. he and his own way in

washington, d.c. to engage in the communities in 66 but it shows okay how do you begin to address these issues. it's brought to the center of the national attention. they saw it and understood history. they try to understand this moment 100 years in the making and the betrayal of reconstruction they saw that and realized the cumulative impact.

>> i'm interested you said earlier the critiques he and his brother didn't do enough. realistically engaging with what they were able to do and able to not do but specific with bobby kennedy i can think of several phases. at a very pivotal moment the doj, the department of justice is doing a number of things that you document in the box.

it was a public figure and he was able to push the public issues and then he runs for president and as the discussion continues you like to sort of list some of the principles. people say he didn't do enough. so what did he do. taking doj running for president, what are the main things we can say kennedy accomplished? >> it's not what he did but what he created the opportunity to do.

they create going into the deep state cases. thurgood marshall. getting to work with people like moses and sncc and getting to see up close. the justice department, and again i don't think it has fully explored to look exactly at what they did and what they were up against in 1962, they introduce a voting rights bill. they had to do something. great testimony when he's up against sam irving back and forth. if you have an education, that

is a major way that he tried. what do we tell the people, you tell the people i will pivot from that to the civil rights bill when all hell is breaking loose everywhere with the move now they've seen this and what he and his brother do is they begin to lobby and bring groups to the white house, law groups, religious groups, to get people engaged in supporting and they write that bill.

he said it's unlikely we can get a strong bill through, but we have to try. and he also said if people think the law is going to make this go away. two and a half years in the white house and the attorney general 64 and by the spring of 63 they have major civil rights legislation, mobilizing public support and they are figuring out the strategy for getting it through bipartisan. and by the time john kennedy goes down, it is one assigned into july. so right there in the speech, there are several good books that document this but in the

context of other things, he saw again the same thing in the district of columbia and other cities what's happening to young people. their schools, opportunities and the pool was closed. the commissioner can't get the money because they control the budget of dc but also raise the money to have it restored. to get jobs in the government and the private sector, so he's doing things on the micro level. he was committed. what was happening to those children. the schools are closed for five years.

1700 roughly, no public schools. that was the cause that he and the president were committed to. you do whatever you can. but in the effort to do something, they created the school and started litigating the case to force the county and create ironically it opens in september of 1963, the day after the birmingham church is bombed. it's an explosive truth about if people have that opinion, i think people who say that haven't done the work of looking. by the time he became a senator,

he understood a lot and focused attention on the cities. one person after the march exploded in august of 1965 and pushed law and order across the political spectrum, robert kennedy said how can we expect them to obey the law when it's used against them because he has understanding and he spoke it for the support and the government involvement working directly with communities to begin to repair the damage of segregation and poverty. there's no quick answer to that.

you have to move to the period and understand what's going on and understand the many ways, not just one thing but the many different ways and president kennedy. he understood what the issue was. that interview met in april of 1960 but again you have to find the opening. in two and a half years, they fatigued quite a bit if you look at it in the context of the period for what was done and what was attempted for business people and all the rest.

>> i hear you picking up on the previous discussion that kennedy is being educated by being exposed to the problems of african-americans in the south and doing things like black voting rights in the south. we thought that a battle was won but we are back in the middle again. these things that are kind of the next stage of the movement through the encounters, things like pushing for the civil rights bill when the democratic party is still the party of the southern segregationists and later in this career we try to

think about the cutting edge. there's been a critique of the late 60s liberals and you mentioned earlier in your book that there was a consensus around crime and that was the main public policy to be directed at urban problems and that is the roots of the mass incarceration, not to say that kennedy was held apart from that, but he could see from the other side. >> to him, the most important things were the conditions in

these urban areas. he understood where people would be going. that is not the solution. it's more violence. i think of the new book and think that this ends where he picks up. if you move to the late 60s, everything described happens. they see the war on poverty shrink and a deal with how people in the communities help themselves and create jobs and all that. i think the analysis of the situation was correct.

moynahan and the people who saw this as a law and order crime issue but didn't do anything. the war on vietnam took all the money and that i think he had a different analysis. which is important. but he's not the only one. there were many people who saw things that way but he's elite as a political figure. to support the cultural developments and he's just one person. he's a force for pushing things in that direction and a pole in the other direction which the book documents in great detail.

the direction that as you point out today are similar questions we had in this period. of course president kennedy is tragically assassinated and there's always a great what if. we don't have them being exposed to the post 1963 development. but part of what you're saying is kennedy is seeing things as early as 1961 and maybe a lot of other public figures are not quite seen yet. do you get the sense that bobby

is different from john and his ability to see the problem or do they just not have enough evidence because kennedy is assassinated? >> he understood and met with him again. john f. kennedy follows thurgood marshall to meet with him. but he was a candidate then and understood everything. when he says he wants to change things and there's a great part

in the book that he wouldn't be the normal typical politician. expect republicans that come along that this is like war but they also saw the way the issue was being manipulated to exacerbate the fear and resentment. president kennedy is interesting to -underscore. we have got to be who we say we are and and discrimination.

i think that is a great question. i don't have the final answer but i think they were closer together than people thought there would be personalities and different ways of engaging. i think robert kennedy felt this intensely and he really gave it his all. >> the standard criticism but he didn't do enough, they wanted segregation [inaudible] you

haven't issued the executive order and kind of indirectly through the department of justice so why that misconception. >> it is incorrect. i would argue that. the effort to be introduced in may of 62 and how it played out but the reality, the power of southern democrats after you move towards 63, they told him not to give a speech on civil

rights. i am doing it and he's the only people who thought he could do it with his brother and him but the point is he was willing. he had the confidence. he was a charismatic leader. the democrats needed this to when. so we shouldn't be judging.

how do you make a change, it's very tough to think about the challenges there are other places for people who work at the state and local level in many ways they can begin or continue but depending on your position as an elected official, it's not about winning but accomplishing something. and they really realized it. it shows where things are moving. they sell by 62, 63. certainly 63. are you convinced yet?

>> they moved in their time challenging the country and moving it forward. that i think is what is significant. it's about how do you function and they knew there were so many ways we have to face this and move to change. people's attitudes, ideas, local states. i have a much better appreciation of that.

until we get to questions, i want to maybe talk about one other thing that's in your book. we mentioned it briefly earlier in the conversation. at the end of the book you talk about the corporations i can't remember the names of all of them. it's an interesting -- what was it supposed to do because what's interesting it becomes a sign of struggle of who is going to control the thing. can you just kind of narrate that story and how kennedy

becomes involved? >> it's another example. the war on poverty is shrinking. there's a senator from new york and he really wanted to do something that would address this as something he would do. not just to make speeches, we have to act. in february of 66, he talks to the local leaders and decides they are going to try to develop a project here. robert kennedy had a talent for attracting and hiring people.

young, very bright, energetic. and tom johnston. they developed this corporation and managed to get some funding put in to help. anyhow, basically it's not enough government money to do what needs to be done. they developed a project with two entities.

one is a community board representing the interest and the concerns of the community and what should be done. looking at everything, housing, education, a number of projects that would be developed over time and then getting a board of corporate people to help raise money and so robert kennedy wasn't like a business people but appealed for tremendous support. i think for these businessmen, they thought what was motivated

by that as well and kennedy really emphasized that. there were these women that had been working for ever and they had helped senator kennedy but then there were younger people and then kennedy had met him and was an aide so he brought thomas in and agreed to head the community part. they seemed to be taking more control so that got a little more tested. and as it worked out, thomas

pushed ahead to get people jobs and find out what the community wanted. kennedy found out that he was leaving the justice department and he brought john doerr to work on the side of the service corporation. eventually frank thomas evolved and it's become a model run by the community and to a large

extent that wasn't even the question but you needed to raise the money and support. it was an initiative very well received. maybe it's similar in philadelphia but finding other ways the war on poverty is blowing up in the cities. local community people needed to be involved in determining what they needed. we will start questions in about

three minutes. obviously you've thought about this. bobby kennedy was the great what if. as you say they could advise against those like indiana and they get a lot of white working-class voters it's kind of limited, but the great what if's of bobby kennedy he could have kept the coalition impact

for some white working-class. for people who are optimistic. i'm interested in your thinking and speculation. is it optimism misplaced? what is your thinking about the great what if? >> it's highly likely he would have been nominated. that is passé.

i think that he inspired people. they were committed the way he wasn't back in the 60s with the civil rights movement it really attracted a lot of people so i think that he would have had the drawing power to become president and he would have built in administration. someone said to me once the difference between kennedy and nixon [inaudible] he was in the

60s ready to go. there's a lot that would have changed in the 60s that began changing and the capacity and ability to bring people in was something that could have made a difference at that moment when you think about how things turn. it shows us what's coming. the problem would have been certainly different. to help move the public life and

democracy in a new direction. it certainly would have been. a. >> great. that's a great segue to questions. for the people you described by bobby kennedy as david axelrod, barack obama's campaign manager and advisor of the white house. how bobby kennedy inspired people so you write about the abilities to inspire young and creative people.

i want to ask a question you've thought about before. the [inaudible] with the work he did later to support civil rights. the answer is robert kennedy during the committee and 53, first of all they hated each other. roy cohn would look at libraries

and embassies. kennedy's job on the community was to investigate allies trading. he wasn't peppering questions. he was doing a study of who he is trading with. his work was traded and this is a good thing to come out. within six months, he headed the staff and robert kennedy quit. before he quit they almost had a fistfight after one hearing.

hired by the democrats he came in where the mccarthy hearings began and he challenged a number of things and then robert kennedy is the one that reported the friendship with mccarthy. he did feel this and a lot of people felt that. peter moss who is a journalist, some people never forgave kennedy for anything having to do.

i was wrong, so it really is a headline grabber but my sense is that while he was working for the committee he went to meet the former head of the party to find out more about the communist party. so i think it is more complicated. >> here is an open ended question. did he ever feel like he did enough? how did you get the sense about how he felt about the work that he was doing.

he solved one problem and they are more complex he went and saw and listened and that describes him. he understood human nature and he wasn't self absorbed. he was engaged in the life of the country, the work of the country at a time when the urgency was great. it was interesting to see what brought him that decision.

there's no clear path and robert kennedy understood that. >> here's another question. can you discuss the role in the crisis and how that affected him and also the visit to the mississippi delta was there another turning point in his life and understanding? >> that is a great question, both parts it was the biggest domestic crisis the administration faced. to be admitted to the university of mississippi they had what

they called a potential insurgency on their hands and all hell could break loose if the governor didn't get this job. it was a full-scale riot. they could kill only if merits were threatened and two people were shot and killed. then they called the army and the army got delayed. it was just awful.

someone asked him what his brother had learned and i think this is interesting from the crisis. my brother learned never to believe another book on reconstruction ever again. they brought it to life. the trip to the delta, kathleen told me about this film when robert kennedy went back in 1966 he was invited by the law students. what's going to happen when i go back there, and they really wanted him so he went. they had some protection. the film was great and he gave a

wonderful speech and had a standing ovation with 6,000 students. but the delta, the trip in 67 they will hold hearings to investigate the war on poverty programs and there's a great picture in the book with a black girl testifying and he heard about the poverty and again, he wanted to see. she came and testified on washington and it was he had

never seen poverty like use all their. he went back and immediately pushed to get more federal aid but it had a huge impact and horrified him. it kept him going. but he wanted the country to see they had hearings and it brought people back for a spotlight on this and to push for the federal government to expand on the antipoverty program around the country. >> here's another one. this question asks about a 1968 late-night meeting in west

oakland. late night meeting baldwin won a meeting i guess we discussed before. discuss how it changed why he went and how he tried to translate into action. the questionnaire also wants us to ask how to get out support for the primary. >> that is a great observation about the meeting. people were angry and so as a part of the california primary he went to the church in oakland at 10:00 at night. johnson was with him and campaigning with him and off

they go. he says it's going to be rough, but don't worry. he got up there and this is all wrong. we need to do this and that. he answered and talked about and he responded. at one point they said he wanted to get up and was so angry. this was between them and me and it went on. they finally brought it to a close and there was a sense of discussion and they went back and he said i don't think they got too many votes tonight. he said no, they are going to

turn out and the next day in african-american newspaper publisher called wanting to help and people joined and worked on the campaign and it was such he went back to oakland the next day. he spoke to the community and they had a big rally so it was a great moment you have to listen and be there and be responsive and of course in the primary i think 96% of the vote. so that is a good observation. >> it's interesting. what i hear you saying i forgot the way you phrased it earlier

it seems he is continually listening to people that are able to tell in an aggressive way and you reach some of those people even though they don't agree with everything on this particular approach. a. >> you talked about the liberals before. one of the activists said he is not one of the last liberals, he he's the last of the great believable. >> can you expand on that?

and then trusting it. >> here is another question. how much did jfk's assassination open up a world that allowed the body to feel and see things differently by 1968 when he had a prior to november, 1963? >> may be that's too speculative. >> i was 13, just awful. but i experienced it in a different way. writing about robert kennedy,

talking to people who knew him then. it was indescribable. what the law professors said he was a backwards brother, he took care of himself and said once he was gone he said bobby became more and more himself. he moved into his public life and again the concerns that he had developed so it's very interesting to think about that.

but the notion that it didn't change continued on into this energy into things he didn't care about. >> here's another question and this is one you've thought about before. the question is like this how should we look at kennedy's complicated relationship with martin luther king like wiretapping him and the instructions against king. i think that will be asking about the fact that robert kennedy authorized the wiretap of martin luther king.

>> i was concerned about that. very complicated. hoover kept pressing, so when they finally -- i don't want to get too deeply into it, but the pressure, too much pressure on kennedy and the evidence that he had so finally october, 63, he agreed to a wiretap in atlanta

and new york. if you read about, so he did it and there are reasons people speculate. king and the communist connection i'm speculating here to also keep that at bay but again he was killed a month later. president johnson came in and had no problem with different feelings towards king. so it came late and i read

everything i could. it certainly does not diminish. in fact, robert kennedy and martin luther king become much more closely aligned as time moves forward. the concerns about the war in vietnam and the hearings on the cities which kennedy was a part of on the conditions of what to. so that relationship grew and what they saw as a problem and solutions were very close so it was interesting to see how the

relationship developed. they became much more closely aligned. >> okay. here is a thoughtful question so i'm going to read the whole thing. from the moment i read robert kennedy's work, he always seemed like a brain to me, someone who could keep things in order and keep working but at this reluctance to be the public figure, robert continued with his duties a little longer beyond the completed

relationship and what do you think was bobby's breaking point when he understood the strength and power to fight for the senate and then the race for the presidency? >> that's a great question. he and his team were critical to getting the civil rights bill through. by 66 he campaigns in the midterm and they see him as transformed really fully engaged

in the work of politics, the senate. i think it took time. adam wilensky noted the day he stopped wearing a black tie and they were in latin america a couple of years after president kennedy so i think there was a gradual certainly by 66 he has fully come into his own. >> here is a different kind of question. what role did the catholic faith play in his political life? >> i think that his face was

informative. he was of the social justice i think. it's hard to identify and moment in the book where i look at that, but he was a deeply spiritual person and it was a force in his life and for what he achieved was an important part of the strain with other factors it's hard to single one out. he was the kind of catholic that doesn't hesitate to challenge clergy. he was his own person and had that kind of faith that he is

responsible for. he reflected that kind of care for the poor. >> we've got three minutes, time for one last question. this is appropriate for the last question. asking about the title of your book. the question is can you comment on the title of the book justice rising in black and white. now i know what it means. robert kennedy's black-and-white describe the book. but justice rising is a

convergence in this period. by 1960 it's really broken through in a way that demanded national attention and action. it really spoke and energized american engagement and you hand the kennedy administration with that. it has an impact that is difficult to measure. not everything was achieved, but

justice was rising in ways that were formative and historically significant and have tremendous lessons but it's a convergence and the kennedys were part of that, responded to it and helped to contribute to that kind of movement. >> questions for which to end. america in black-and-white by patricia sullivan. amazing book. i've read the whole thing and recommended the listeners read it. as you've said, at various points it is a complicated question overriding evidence around them.

it is well worth reading. >> thank you to the library forum and the audience. and thank you to the kennedy library for inviting both of us to appear. >> my thanks to them all and thanks to everybody. ♪♪

on our weekly interview author program "after words" retired lieutenant colonel wayne phelps offered his thoughts on drone warfare. >> one of the biggest changes we have seen with the employment of the drones is the mental transition occurs on almost a daily basis particularly in the airports they are flying. that mental transition occurs when you wake up in the morning and then you drive to work and basically commute to combat and then fly a combat mission on the other side of the planet you

might have a strike during that period of time and then mentally transition yourself to return home at the end of today. a lot of the people i've interviewed talked about this strange feeling they often referred to as diploid garrison where you are conducting the operations from home and during doingthese transitions on a daiy basis sometimes working 12, 14 hour shifts several days a week so you have these strange periods of work you may have conducted a strike at some period during your mission and then you may be home in time for

dinner with your family or see a soccer game or pickup milk from the store or something like that. so it is unlike anything most traditional warriors have ever experienced in the past. that is the biggest change in the psychology of how they are fighting. >> watch the rest of the program online on booktv.org. click the "after words" tab to see this and all previous episodes. >> i want to welcome you to the societies event here to discuss the fascinating new book electric city the loster history of edison's utopia. i'm one of. the adult service librarians here at the hudson library. library. we have quite a few exciting programs coming up in june you can learn about and register fot them at