think collectively you need a word for that group. erthat's what's going on in thoe earlyly grades and conversation. >> good morning, friends. how are you doing today.

my people have been around this area for over 12,000 years as you learned from the last speaker, and we are still here today. now, what i'm going to do today, it's a culture of people, one out of over 1,000 in north america. what makes it different from the other thousand it could be language, it could be diet but one thing we all have is how we think about life in general. human life, plant life, animal life, we don't put self above or below t that. that's one thing we have in common. i asked people what race do we come from, the human race, so we

should t all respect each other. 12,000 years, that's me and my lovely wife. 1613 before the major interruption in the culture i'm going to bring you to the new year's. a lot of people's new year's starts january 1. ours starts when everything comes to light. now think about when does everything come to light, springtime, that's when the birds start chirping and the hearings have to run and everything is new again. but we thank mother earth and it's not guaranteed.

we do a lot of dancing and socializing. but once thate happens, we know we have to get to work and this is what happens during summertime. we live in single-family homes during the summer because we need that space for planting. cattail is ave water plant we've been doing this for years and everything we do we do ourselves, so we go and gather late august, early september and make these maps in the winter for the houses. they last me three to five years. they would hold one t the famil. it's different from a european family back then.

husband, wife, kids. our family has husband, wife, kids, grandparents. we look at three or four so we would have englishmen coming to the house and say this guy has five lives but not realizing what they are looking at sisters, grandmothers, that's what my job is in the indigenous cultures so those are the houses in the summer and what we do duringe the summer this is the planting field.

they also give life to mother earth. so you look at the planting field. it has a mound of and that is symbolic to a woman's stomach. now when did you plant corn. you have to wait for different asides of nature. you wait until the next new moon. the reason you do it on the new moon it draws gravity up so the corn out of the ground and what do you plant on the bottom, watermelons, pumpkins and they keep the ground soft. vegetables would probably represent half to two thirds of

the diet. the culture going past boston and all the islands, nantucket, let me mention some names to you. back then wee had over 70 nantucket sound familiar? these are the main places but they've always been whopping all communities. with over 100,000 and we will get to that later.

what do the kids do, this is one of my daughters and this is her in the picture when she was 11-years-old, maybe ten and that's her youngest sister with her and what she's doing you pick those berries and that right there has three timeses as much so kids were allowed to be kids, they helped out a little bit but they had a fund, played games, they joked around. through four or five different names in a lifespan your names would change how you are.

not because she is physically strong and all that but every single day when she wakes up in a good mood, everybody feels good to so it's dependent on the person. but kids will give more responsibility as they mature. this is me and my lovely wife. we do a lot of fishing back then. we saw a lot of men going ocean fishing. the biggest we were going for from web in all country would go

from the ocean and back and forth. not 9-foot one-man boat, the boat is big enough to carry 40 men. the reoccurring theme up in nantucket island, which we paddled to and pulled along the shore but we have torches on the ends of the boats.

a lot of time the fish is bigger than the boat so so much longer you walk down the beach at low tide. we have so much lobster going back 100 years ago and they said we are sick of this. we don't want more. they could feed lobster to prisoners twice a week and if you do it more than that, it would be inhumane. [laughter]

back in 1623, governor bradford was so embarrassed of this is what we have. so not a big deal. that's different from those who give life. after the time we think about going in land a little bit away from the ocean to try to find more shelter and protection from the ocean.

with a structure like this this footprint was found 300 feet length and 60-foot with. i think a football field. that is how big this house was. the frames were made out of cedar. outside would have been chopped out of elm. we used to use white ash. maybe we will talk about that in a minute. as amended the hunting and we hunt for the deer and big game. on the mainland we go over elk or big game, small animals, the

taste of stuff. anybody? how you catch a skunk, very carefully. one distracted him. they sneaks from behind and left them off the ground. he has to be on all fours with pressure on his hind legs. you might not be welcomed into the community for a while. [laughter] they say you take that land and break it open.

it works. i don't have arthritis yet. the women do a lot of the weaving. the best in the world and at the smithsonian rather than washington, d.c. there's a woman that's a relative of mine in the smithsonian. a lot of people say you have strength? we use milkweed, we take those stocks and pull them out of the ground and open up and take the fibers out and work them togetherer with our legs.

they are so fast that they couldn't g keep up so they have foodfo during the winter. this right here is the interior of a house. those are three out of my four. all daughters and no boys. that's the oldest daughter. the two sitting on the ground. we work with scholastic quite a bit over the years and 2016 they came to the plantation and said can we make a video?

we set up the script and showed how they lived back then in the 17th century and before to what they do today, playing in the playground and that is what kids relate to. they think that we are gone. we arein still here. i do a lot of teaching and sometimes when i walk in these classes they play a video. i play the father in it and when i walked to a classroom he sees me walking in.

inside of these houses, we have bedding, we don't sleep on the ground, the house gets big, 50 to 70 degrees. i do quite a bit of these myself, i build them. if it is just to keep you warm during the winter. it is a round shape you can't really see on the walls. you have interior frame and because the way the house is shaped, the heat is going to

rise. they said the houses are so warm during the winter. so l we lived like that for thousands of years. no need for the winter together back and be more communal. it would hold anywhere from 300 to say 3,000 people. that is the cycle. that is 1513. one thing i want to say real quick you hear the term, how do youeo survive back then. we've been doing this for 12,000

years. there's a system already set up for generations long before so let's move to 16-14. back in 1614 with english and ,french and dutch, a lot of beaver pelts. about what happened remember

1614 they came down the coast and went to an area called plymouth today. now this thriving community with over a thousand people and that is how you describe yourself back then. if you are traveling and went up to somebody and said what are you, they expect you to know the country. theyey would describe themselves from the community they aren from. this happens to our people. this is six years before the pilgrims arrived here. went down cape, sold from their

end of the remainder was sold to england. does that sound familiar? he had a merchant and lived there for five years. he learned a lot about english culture, knew how to speak english fluently over those five years. but what happened he was funding a lot of these trips and there's squanto in newfoundland.

[inaudible] h even his own language, he knew how to speak english and knew the captains back then, by name. they kept going down the coast so when they were going in 1619, they sold something extremely devastating, the most devastating thing that happened to people. there's an epidemic that happened between 1616 and 1618. people had open sores on their bodies and died within two or three days.

the native population all on the coast with 70 to 90% wiped out within two or three years. that didn't affect a lot of people in the islands. people here were protected from that and moved for protection of the plague but what we know skin turning yellow, open sores they believed it might be the french trade ships coming over and they had rats on the trade ships and they would get into the water system causing the fish liver disease. i always say you can put whatever name you want on it. it doesn't matter to me. it's the most devastating thing that ever happened to our

people, period. so coming down the coast they find out he was pretty much a devastated. so imagine that, coming back home and finds out all those people are dead. does that change you as a person? i think so. they end up going over to the vineyard. he made it back though. 1614 is their gold on the island you come from? you bring it back home and i will tell you where the gold is at. so 1614, they brought it back

home and that's when he yelled out something in native tongue. he had a chance to jump over and so he made it home but another is coming in in 1619. so he gets injured. they end up in the community and a lot of people think the great leader like i said the 70an communities and what we know for sure he was a leader of the biggest and strongest wampanoag. so they wind up there. let's fast track to 1620.

1620 they had a bad year that winter. february was the deadliest month on theg mayflower. they settled it because it was good water. 40 miles west of plymouth and bristol rhode island today he heard about these peoplend building homes. we are used to people coming over and the only thing we want is people coming over and staying. that's a different. that might have meant the friendly type of people.

you know how to speak english, right? go and find out why these people are building their home. he can speak english and also he's not one of my men, so i don't know what's going to happen to him. march, 1621. he says welcome, englishman. he told him about the land, the area, the plane that just came through. they carefully watched him over

the night anna says i'm not from here. i'm going to bring you a leader that is, so he goes back and tells him not to come along. later in march he comes along and brings 60 of those men and that's when they make the famous treaty betweentr the two people that created diplomacy. i mentioned that coming down the coast. it stopped dead in its tracks. we have two good thoughts for at least two or three generations and down there you have that large body of water but then again the wampanoag were depleting in numbers.

so they made an alliance with the colonist because how you felt it wasn't one universal answer. you have to go from community to community. are you going to be happy, no, andou there were those that were not, but he had a lot of power. it's part of the treaty if i go to war you help me out and if you go to war, i help you out. it would take no major conflict in the war. 1621 he teaches them how to

plant corn. he was a changed person and caused a lot of problems. he actually sent his men out to plymouth with a knife and wanted his hand delivered back to him. he's thinking i should do this to turn that person over.

governor bradford was distracted and said wait a second he died that evening when he was in the house he had a nosebleed that wouldn't stop with indian fever or some type of hemorrhaging. he asked if he would be accepted into their guards although he might have been a changed person, he knew what he was doing. he doesn't get much praise in the textbook. history would have definitely been o different today. he made that treaty with the

english and needed to somebody else. heow lived with his family of tn people for some ten or 15 years of his life. they are not saying much about his family. because she plays a major role in the diplomacy and reports back and forth on what's going on, but they never give her a name. they don't say s much about the family structure but they kept peace between the two people.

you areib chosen from childhood and have special qualities. special people choose you. one of the final stages, you are given a stone knife and if you come back, but he's highly respected among his people. let's skip a little bit. t my homeland, this is the oldest in the united states 1684 they

are learning about the king james bible and they say hi -- other than that he called them out. we have ourar own ways of doing things. why are you teaching something different and literally punch them but he continued to preach. we will talk about what he did. there's about 14 of them. i want to talk about this right

here. back in the native area john elliott was teaching native people and caleb was another. they would have been the first graduating class of harvard university back in 1665. the reason he did not graduate is two weeks before graduation he went to martha's vineyard on the way back stopped here in nantucket and it was probably his own peopleo that did it. i always say you don't know what

they are going through unless you walk a mile in their moccasins, so i never judge like that. what they did back in 2011, they invited my family and this is it right here. when he was teaching the bible to native people back in the 50s and 60s, he felt like they were not picking the religion up quick enough, so what he did he hired native interpreters. i sayn that because there's a good story back in the 19 '90s there was a woman from my community,y, the vice chair and she was having dreams. she said people come in speaking

a different tongue. they didn't know their names and one of the dreams the people spoke english to her. they had the chance to get the language back would they say yes so she took it upon herself, went to mit, graduated with a degree in linguistics. how this was done, elders could still speak some of the language. what helped a great deal is that king james bible and we have one of the first additions in our grasp right now so today we have our language back. my wife is one of the teachers of the language. we teach pre-k and add on agreed to it. going back three years ago or

maybe two it's taught as a credit course. it's a cool story because if you lose your culture, you lose part in what you are. nobody likes the war. war broke out and what i can tell you in 1657 that's when the first leaders lost their lives and passed away. they didn't care for each other the whole lot. people thought of ownership and thend other people did not think of ownership so one culture would build and the other walked

across their backyard, you can't be here anymore. what do you mean in can to be here anymore, i don't get that. that's some of the reasons. in 75 the war broke out and last round massachusetts in the year or so he was the second son. he was something to reckon with. a native person talking bad about him. he took his canoe and paddled to confront this person and asked a lot of people to join into the

war. it lasted about a year and ended up with benjamin church august 12 and when they found him, they dismantled him, took his head off, took his arms, limb by limb. what happened is a lot of these people were sold as slaves. a lot of these people were sold down bermuda, one of the aisles down there and still have that culturalal identity. they know who they are so they go down and visit them and come

up d there is a large population over here in nantucket and a vaccine in 1763, 74 that wiped out two thirds of the population. people were spread out. that is from a personal lens. people say if it wasn't

recorded, it's not true. about 1830, president jackson. oklahoma is one of the states. the reason i bring this up the one non-native voice that stood up, being john quincy adams and if you bring these people out west, they are going to die. the reason is because of relying on seafood on their diets and t they believed them and that's why they were left alone.

they die within seven months apart, seven weeks. what else do we have here. this is kind of cool. we might be doing this next year. looking at it next week it will be the largest in new england. this picture is from 2002 to martha's vineyard. now back in the '90s we always say okay we use to make the

vineyard. why can't we do this again so we had a donation, this is what this is. in the back we all wanted to steer this boat so we looked at each other and took 212-foot ooboats, he took one and i took another and went across the site. he beat me by half a boat length. this took a lot of planning. three years of planning and a lot of nations of people.

august, 2002. we left 6 a.m. and attended and landed. it was a straight shot it would have been 5 miles made to a 7-mile paddle. now tell me how long it took. everybody's saying three hours. no one can say this is how long it's going to take you. hour and a half, absolutely

correct. they take the ferry over and they were beaten by a half an hour. so we will have a big celebration dancing and singing when you arrive. that day it was really cloudy. we didn't know how long it was going to take. [inaudible] [laughter]e the first thing out of their

mouth was you've got to do this every day? like h i said in the next year, one thing that is nantucket involved and we have somevo othr things, so stay tuned. up to 1870 here with a few others what that meant for people is now we are going to catche you on it. that means different terms in my language. we lost a lot of land.

cape cod became a tourist attraction. it was the fastest developing town in massachusetts and today we just got recognized as a people. what we do today we have health services, education which is july 4th weekend. this right here is a special dance we did and for my brother that passed away in 97. we dance for him.

up the cemetery where my family is buried, my grandparents were raised here, my grandfather was a second. my grandpa moved here and my grandmother born in 1895 passed away in 1964 and had a stillborn son. i visited the grounds yesterday. i came across the picture that i

have on my wall. this is my grandmother. the society has it right here. i'm going to do some more digging to see where the actual roots are from. i can't find the records so i will keep digging to see what i find. that'sth my story. [applause] granted a full unconditional

presidential pardon. i wish all americans a happy thanksgiving and mayss god bless you. [applause]

the ceremony also marked the centennial of arlington cemetery's tomb of the unknown a soldier or world war i servicemen first laid to rest. today you will hear the bell 21 times signifying the armistice at 1111 and for causing all hostilities to end on the battle of the western front. then you will hear taps laid in

commemoration of the centennial of the burial of the unknown soldier across town in arlington cemetery only known to god. ♪♪

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ starting now on american history tv, the recentst historical park civil war symposium.