oversight committee begins at 10:00 a.m. eastern live coverage on c-span three and you can also watch on c-span now are free mobile video app online at cspan.org. >> there a lot of places to get political information but only at cspan, do you get it for free from the source in a matter where you are from, or where you stand on the issues, c-span is america's network unfiltered, unbiased, word for word, and it happens here, or here, or here or anywhere that matters, america has watching on c-span. powered by cable. >> we are joined next i retired lt. score he's currently the heritage foundation and the director of the center from national defense and this

morning, general talked about the recruitment challenges the as military is having legally the u.s. army, recruitment and all of the branches of the military is down and what is going on until is about the problemhe for the military. >> thank you would come in this that were sure the u.s. military had in recruiting ever is enjoy since 1973, when the draft was done away with and i've had some pickups in the mr. goals some years in the is the year where all of the services are having hard time in the army is probably going to miss the recruiting goals by tens of thousands of soldiers in the worst ever in the labor market and everybody, is hard to hire people that is the underlying factor because there's many other contributing causes as well. >> we know that the article in the new york times cover this last week, if you are able and willing to find recruits in the headlights fighting headwinds from the pandemic and tight labor market and demographic

shifts in the armed forces may fall further shorter than the investment quotas this year, and they have a decade is enforceable, tell us how the branch has other quotas each year. >> so they have models based on their size of their service to congress thatel they can be as f the army, the 2022, that was 185,000 active duty show soldiers so they said the model and he said to him he soldiers they needed to recruit this fiscal year and the army, that was 70000 soldiers so they set off the start of the her to try to get to the number and ever since then, they have been struggling and every year they have revised those goals especially downward because of projections, they would not become. >> how does the branches differ in the way they approach recruiting. >> it is very different, the army is an kind of a mass model where they have to get many many soldiers, the marines, to afford to not to take as many so they can invest a little bit more hit it and they put more emphasis in my view, into the recruiting sot

for example there chief recruiter reports directly to the marine corps than the other services, andnd again, they dont have to make the numbers that the army does of the army has to make 70007 air force, many 30000 or something like that in the navy a bit more. >> always having the same problem that the enlisted branch of the noncommissioned ranks as we are in the commission ranks in recruiting candidates. >> not so much, hit is become a little bit more tighter in the commissioning officers but not as much i think of the rotc programs, the service academies, continues to be strongly and i still have more candidates than they have openings somewhere you're okayca the military in terms of commissioned officers. >> doesn't congress has the congress over the years and in particular say from going back 20 years, post 911, as congress sufficiently supported pay increases, benefits etc. for the military fresh. >> i think arguably yes, the

congress has been generous with the benefits and i keep up the private sector have they have revised what we call the g.i. bill to the post 911 g.i. bill which provides that very generous only you get your commission paid for, but housing as well and arguably the best education benefits in the nice is my view. >> you're retired general, what was your motivation for enlisting are going to the academy to be a soldier. >> and actually was in the rotc and i didn't have any prospect at the end of my college time and let's give us army thing and try and love affairs but i didn't want to go home until give the armyy try and so is a bit uncertain about this but it worked out wonderfully. >> did you after a while think give this forg to years or so and they get out. >> will my wife and i, i remember being at the formica kitchen table having a discussion about every three or four years, shall be stare ago and are you having fun and i said a million great time as we

stayed in. >> were going to set aside a phone line for active and retired military and here's how to join the on his challenge, recruiting to the armed forces, has 202-74-8000 republicans (202)748-8001 independence (202)748-8002 and again if you are active or retired, military, the line is 2027 fight 8003 and so you recorded in the interview with mcintyre i washington examiner, and the line headline was getting america's volunteer military survive the volunteers had you said this is not just the swamp of the crisis this is a drought when you think of the draw the very hard having literally when a drought in the west, that is a tough word for where we are. >> every demographic that look at qualification standards, where are we going on in the play because i don't see anys, hope of the exporter this is something that america would have to prepare for and how we recruited a very difficult

environment. >> what is the reason we hi diddle which abuse case for the all volunteer force. >> i came in the army we still had people who have been drafted and you can tell those people i came and they did not want to be there so many organization urine, if it is composed of people there really did not want to beot there, you can tell at e moment to come in the door and so we had kind of a force that was not their first choice in many cases they were not as motivated a qualified any drug, people was their only about two years that is the longest in a country is willing to draft somebody and there always turning over two years and the turbulence is high difficult to have a highly trained force summa cores the army concentrating most of their agreement is an the army in particular because that is where the biggest gap is really concentrating their printed ever. >> typically they have gotten

the most recruits out of the southeast and texas florida and that's what we call the smile the present southeastern united states they are in the situation not ignored any worse of doubling down in places like los angeles, denver chicago and places typically have not gotten much success and. they are not leaving any rock not turnover. >> you and you mentioned the challenge of the labor market with pay goingh up at a number across the board and numbera places and how can the army and of the branches respond to that and what can they offer. >> so they have things like amazon is original happily give the chance for travel, the justice of the country, the chance to do something bigger than yourself and, i mean, i don't degrade amazon and starbucks but these are things that are bigger than a person you will have leadership and learn how to lead a team give orders be respected and respect others so it is really you cannot equate springs in the military really in any of the

job in america. >> in your view is that we had a surge and obviously in recruitment and enlistment in volunteers after 911 and what is the role of patriotism what is the role dozen play in people volunteering. >> yes, it's important and it probably gets half of the people in the door to the recruiters office and the other half comes in for a variety, they will leave the town there and right now they're looking for opportunities maybe a small family in the looking for super steady pay i guess them in the door and then many of them stay for different reasons they like it, like the patriotism the idey serving their country so i don't worry too much about what gives him the door, i didn't know much about the army before i came in and was a come in, they're usually by it. >> there was a stretch there recruiters work some colleges restricted recruiters campuses what is snl. >> mostly we are past that now i

think 11, i kind of put even harvard who would've the holdouts now have an rotc program on campus similarly passed out so still problem and even in high schools were recruiters attempt to come in and talk to young people, though often put have them and access to the people. >> times my first time talking about the recruiters approaching folks in walmart in talking to the folks, where they are. >> i love the story of the fact that they are going out and trying to find young people where they are and i think that's what they have to do nowadays and high schools is fairly easy to just say the military recruiters and so you have to and i respect that idea because a lot of people do not know much about the military as of the more they can educate them on it, for better. >> were going to get the goals and a moment in a reminder that the light pretty retarded militaries (202)748-8003 but i

want to play first that remarks the army secretary, the atlantic council her response to where we are in recruiting in this country critically in the army and here's what she had to say. >> we have already started recruiting in different ways and we have before, and some punitive the question about sort of where we are recruiting, we targeted two years ago, 22 cities across the country and open areas where you have say for example, higher concentrations of african-americans or higher concentrations of hispanic americans, to try to reach demographics communities that we have not perhaps reached in the past as successfully and we have set of internship for again hispanic american and african-american officers are you going to try to encourage a them to come into the combat infantry armor field artillery for example but i think that we need to do more on that frankly, we are facing some significant recruiting headwinds right now

because the economy is doing soo well and you know every predecessor employed is competing for talent and we are competing against that is also think that we have to do more to figure out how we can really talk to a white writer and of americans about with the value proposition is for them in the army. >> and will, when did you hear that from the armies secretary. >> i heard a lot of innovation is something different and i think that is needed a model that they have is from 2022 cars are going to be a model going forward so we have to think differently about bringing people into the military. >> in the past, howbomi importat was dennis exhibiting a bringing somebody in whose family had a tradition of service. >> we don't rely on that but that's just the way things have happened over the percent of the people become into the military and the army, have a family member that is served so that is been key for us and that's important we cannot rely on

that. >> whiskey to the colors for tu. retired lt. on army recruiting an military recruiting it broadly and tony and tony first up on our retired line from taxes. >> yes and good morning and i appreciate you having me join in this important call because without defense of this country is down the drain. i spent roughly 37 years working with the department of the army and i am very proud and it gave me a livelihood. i was a d.a. civilian and i worked alongside the corps ofen engineers, the nwr, garrison, and all that and what i see happening in just like you know, voluntary service started in

1973, the housing of the military is probably the number one cost when it comes down to the family. the problemof of which the genel has already stated is very obvious. there is basically three things or four things that i would like to share, first of all going out of the world population and for the future, right now the u.s. aging force is right out 300,000 per month retiring and thus the aging population and i retired this past year and the military is going to see more and more of that as time goes on. at entered the problem is the world population reports stated it, the forecast for the age group between 16 - 24, will be

in a negative state by 2024 and the projection for the world population will go down 2060, and that is her piglet under biggest pop under problem. >> thank you for that the demographic challenge it and thank you for your service in the service the army and think congratulations on your retirement you are exactly right about most of the countries in the world, young peoplee population statement decreasing in the united states is actually in the regard not terribly unfortunate because our young people population and demographic is at least as saying the same at 60 - 24 and about 31 million americans and the only reason is soft going down is because of him a rash immigration legal integration in the u.s. fertility rate is at a of 1.6, hereinbelow the

replacement rate in south miller demographic problem in the past we've been able to rely on a growing young people population and i we don't have that these young people being relied upon by an aging america to provide social security and all those other benefits. from lori in whittier, north carolina, also retired military good morning. >> good morning and listen, some of the issues that i see the trouble with recruiting and good people to go into the military is they see a lot of people leave for south due to the vaccine mandates. deborah brooks even recently came out and said that the vaccine basically are a fraud and also i see where the politics of it is actually an interference as well and for

years, before president biden took over, we had witnessed how corrupt ukraine was and now you know with the prospect of possibly actually going and having to fight a war against russia, on behalf of ukraine, is not very enticing to new recruits pretty he really wants to go fight the russians over ukraine and so, it goes beyond the demographics and there is also political issues that are adversely affecting the military cordially and that is all i would like to say. >> in general you been seeing these trends long before the invasion of ukraine about russia right. >> yes, is been happening in 2018 come the army to my think they have is the recruiting goals ever since then and just kind of been covered in this year, the disparity is so big that they had to kind of save

going to miss her goals by tens of thousands of soldiers so there is no camouflaging this problem anymore. >> okay let's hear frompr carol from tennessee on the democrats line. >> gooden morning. i want to say that african-americans in the promotional ranks and who the person say before you, and i just say from experience, my son had challenges of going from releasing 7070 never made any seven after serving 17 years in the service and he was trying to get the classes or whatever the offer, moving up and ranks that they could inspire him in his battalion was area so therefore after 17 years in the military and trying to move up, and he was finally accepted and they say no you know, he was doing

the work of any 70, but he did not ever carry the rank of any seven and he was doing better with a sense him to lithuania and i7 don't think the promotional concerns is feared african-americans.s. >> all right, and again, thank you for your sons service to the army, and the promotional circumstances they resend in the army and every other human endeavor is - even on a try the best come occasionally the promotional system does not work as it should and i can't speak to whether that happened or not in your son's case but, he again, thank you for your sons service. tor >> in the research shows the demographics shift military showing the growing representation, this looks to 2004, versus 2007 and racial minorities as of 201743 percent

versus 36 percent beckett 2004 and so by substantial growth and much of the growth is when hispanic community in the u.s. we often see that service members were children of immigrants often it have gotten their citizenship as a have served in a much of that is a motivation for people to become an adjoining a military force. >> is a difficult path for now and i think that if stop the program you have to have a green card now to enter the military and have a green card and into the military and you're in an expedited path to citizenship and you are right, that is always been of help for the remembrance to this country to get a headh start on the caree. >> let's hear from ada, the military jacksonville, florida and good morning. >> good morning retired army, i

served tenant half years in vietnam in afghanistan and iraq and i the general's comments, but the vietnam people not wanting to be there, the quality right now, in vietnam was just as much ofet a quality of a soldier and two deployments in iraq and afghanistan i'm saying that i think we need to address the retention it and i personally have the grandson is in the army for me to and talking to him and seems to be that the motivation comes from inside the military and motivating the people and that was my question. >> first thank you for your service and all of those conflicts in i a did not mean to imply that the vietnam generation was not a great generation. my battalion executive officer sure served phenomena of the relevant and i'm speaking in general terms but we have people do not want to be there, typically it's harder to geter them to be motivated. >> and he can't really speak to

clearly to your question and you know, for me at least, is really about where you are and how are you leaders on the installation in your unit edit their good come the motivating if they set a good example, typically people want to stay in that unit. >> time with the general on the recruitment efforts of the u.s. military and republican line, from seattle go-ahead. >> good morning and thank you for taking my call and i'm a retired united states army after 22 years serving 16 years as an active duty recruiter and top senior claims recruiting command for the state of washington and also alaska and father served 32 years and i served as a photographer to the general and also lt. general down in texas but i also army recruiting with

a lack of a spirited core, and practices of yesterday are gone and the customs and the values are no longer enforced and you do away with all of this in our history, and we don't have anything left, you've got to bring back you know being all we can be by supporting the troops by instilling the spirited core and is a critical factor in today's army we've got to get back to back to the basics and get off of the walk is him, that is killing us. i look forward to your response. >> okay, thank you for your service in this good news and i spoke to the army chief of staff of the army yesterday, and he said that bringing back the slogan, be all you can be so you

heard it here first i guess on c-span but you are right, without tradition and a, our army is nothing but an organization so we have to have this exam to motivate people in the recruiting unity is really our duty in many cases, you are off by yourself in your in a strip mall in the middle of nowhere near being told by her higher headquarters they have to produce one or two or three or four or five crews a month and there's no one to turn to for help and there is no partner that you have me on your own so i respect you for your recruiting duty and i think you're right. >> we less of a nation then be used to be. >> i justs military but organization said in general in particular among the age group with military wrenches are targeting for the recruits to have it's hard to say generations, and they want to be socially connected whether or not they joined is a different matter so the network of friends and social context especially social media whether or not, the same feeling that of the

generations that but being part of it organization. >> you probably seen over the years, the idea of mandatory national service or a draft coming back up what are your thoughts on this. >> scene work and so i visited israel and you can see this is a pride that the israelis have the armed forces is a common thought of the al qaeda have together and of the country i would drop like norway, and i don't think it would work in the united states anymore and i think the country has moved past that it would notti be politically acceptable i don't think that we would like military like would if we started a drop to get. >> all right so here's joe and carolina,. >> yes, we do need the draft to be put into position, my grandfather was in the first world war my father was in the second world war and i was drafted. we need to teach our children

pride in this country and we have failed and being drafted, does that mean you will have less soldier, you will have more of a soldier, you have to is still integrity can you going to the army are one thing, and it is to go ahead and eliminate the opposition. ... told what is the purpose of the bayonet? to kill. you are there to save our country and people. that is all i have to say. host: general? guest: >> thank you for your service again. we probably disagree about the draft. i take nothing life and the generations of people that served their country in uniform whether they were drafted or not. i think though, as a country that model probably does not work for us. our needs for military not that

high tomorrow for only 1% of americans ever serve in the military. even if we instituted the draft again, it would be very rare to be picked by it. i think there are other models we should try first before we resort to a draft progress are there areas in the military where robotics, artificial intelligence or minimizing or lessening the need for personnel? >> are piloted aircraft you can easily fly a drone or a fighter aircraft remotely. on the ground it's much more difficult. driving a tank with robotics, all the sudden you encounter unexpected stream, creek bed are obsolete and thick was fun to be that bird you never run across unexpected things in the air. on the ground it's much more difficult to delegate your taskl to robot. >> was hear from james in texas. on retired military line, go ahead. >> caller: good morning general. i must say you have failed to indicate to all of the listeners

that the best trade shop is the military. it does not matter what branch you join. if you'd joined and became a driver for instance and four years later you could get out of the army and get a 200,000-dollar job. at the same way for engineering, same way for electronics, same wafer plumbing et cetera. the other issue though i would agree with you as we do not need a draft. we do not need a draft. a draft draws people that do not want to be in the military may become a real problem in the end. number three, you need to get out of the metropolitan areas and a need to get to the rural areas or the sticks as we would say. that is where you're going to find the hard-working members of the united states that are eligible to join.ge they do not get in gangs, they do not get in trouble they do not become obese and overweight,

thank you very much for your time. next thank you for your question what you're exactly right the military is in great opportunity whether you stay in the military long time i guided, or if you just serve one initial tour. when you come oute of the military you're b going to be better citizen. there are studies that show veterans at a higher rate than those who did not serve, they volunteer in their communities at amm higher rate. and yes, they leave the militart often with skillful put them right into a new job. and even if they do not have a directly applicable skills they are learning leadership, they are learning how to work with people which is a critically important task. >> host: what are the consequences of that military what's up with the army on this, failing to reach its recruitment goals? >> you are seeing them, their shrinking already. they're going haptic cut by 12000 soldiers if this keeps up the arm is going tos. continue o shrink or smaller army means a less safe in america. have fewer combat units and when

the time comes i'll be ready to defend is for. >> has that potential candidate for the army different both in terms of education, physical fitness, emotional ability today versuser a 20 years ago? >> obesity is on the rice nowadays obesity with the age group 18 -- 24 about 19%. we are seeing a heavier population. generally unless that population. the high school graduate hashi been going up slowly, not much. thep other dilemma we are seeig as many young people have a mental health issues that required some treatment by professional. maybe a prescription drug that complicates matters and they try to enlist right not to say it is impossible, but combo hits matters. sue and i write gino in maine, you are on the democrats line. >> thank you for taking my call. general, and getting out of high

school i wasn't sure what i wanted to do. i chose the coast guard. i thought that i may not follow suit, that was the best decision i made. figure out what i wanted to be, and then i went to college. i think a lot of kids might think i don't fit in. when you are breaking up a little bit there. what currently does the military offer someone who signs up? what is the military say they will do in terms of college education? >> to do two things we can send you in college while you are in the service assuming your service permits it will pay most of her tuition for it all you can get out in your g.i. bill and we'll pay for all of it. we'll pay for your housing. there are a variety of ways for us to get to the college degree there in the servicer after

gotten out. >> host: are moser could take advantage oft: that? >> guest: guess where there's a third way i should mention, you can give a child of yours your g.i. benefits and they can go to college for free as well. there's three essential ways to do that. >> host: next up is joan in mayfield, new york good morning. >> caller: i come from -- good morning thank you. i come from a military family, three generations of lifers. i am wondering, we need to treat hundred teach patriotism today for the not taught that in school they are taught to hate themselves, themselves and their color. and this is i think a big part of the problem. this is not preparing our men and women to fight.o so what do we do about that?

boxer talked a little bit up patriotism earlier join to respond? >> that is a problem. the american military has entered the political sphere when decades ago it never was a topic of conversation. but now, i will speak candidly athey are people on the right o believe the american military are woke being used as a social experiment for there's one on the left believe it's a hotbed of racism neither when those characterizations is accurate pursuing it's best to stay in the american neutral position which is where it belongs. teaching >> education is pressuring american schools to teach with on a standardized test bit math, reading, that kind of thing is really squeezed out many of the other topics that used to be taught in american schools including government. next up, joe was on the retired

military line, hello. >> yes, good morning. thank you for taking my call. general, i served army 20 years from 74 -- 94. what lured me was the army had a program called stripes or skills that might be a tool you could use today. a lot of people are unemployed and they have skills that they could use and you could bring them in at a higher rank. when i took my oath i was otimmediately promoted to pfc. and after basic, after eight weeks of specialized training on-the-job i was promoted to e- five. so that accelerated promotion on

the program gives people a chance to use the skills they have already developed in their civilian life. and you do not have to retrain them into something else. so when thank you for your comment. >> that's a greatgu idea. the millington generals looking all kinds of option like that, all kinds of programs. i was talking to again the chief of the staff of the army yesterday. preparatory school for the people that do not immediately meet the standards of a test or physical fitness, bring them into the army for 90 days see if they can work with them on them. so they don't immediately decline based on qualifications but. >> wants take your current day i challenges in ukraine. the story of the "new york times" that says standards around military recruiting in ukraine. they said a nationwide campaign is underway to recruit, register and draft. a protectable response for country at war. that campaign pending out in the

street to potential soldiers come issue summonses and asked them too report to recruiting offices for the average interest rate recruiting is throwing accusations that it is secretive, arbitrary and violates the government's own rules. >> for obvious reasons why countries been invaded worst-case scenario a major war. go back too world war ii or at one point they were drafting 12 -- 15000 men a day for the war. how prepared is the military to ramp up that mass recruitment or draft effort if you will? >> those of mechanisms are little rusty right now. you will hear people need to

register in the selective service when they turn 18. i don't know that process is well refined, rehearsed or fully complied with. we do have in the united states however, fairly robust national guard. so in the short term, the active duty can t call on these reserve and national guard elements to bolster their ranks. >> to the guard and the reserve, are they having the same challenges on the recruitment side? >> having a little bit of trouble it's not as bad as the active duty. in many cases the state of the better it recurs active duty forces. you can say in your own town, you can be of some of your friends and some of those are very persuasive to people thinking about joining. >> cj, next up democrats line. >> good morning, gentlemen it's an honor to speak with you general. i would like to get your

opinion, for the last six years including four years of his .presidency. it not go out of his way more to trash the military that losers like john mccain that he knew so much betterra than, all of the dumb wars you get in. i've got to wonder if there is a lag in any type of recruitment efforts. we have about half of the c country who actually would follow this guy downfo the roado turn over the very democracy here at home. it is getting very complex what this country even stands for. because we have got a bomb thrower like our 45th president mixing up45 the whole idea of what it means to be a proper american, or public citizen. thank you.

>> guest: the only message we need out of the white house is honorable in to serve the armed forces. i will be honest, i've not heard a lot of that coming from the white house. the last few administrations quite honestly. that something we need to turni around. the lexicon of our president talking about service to your country. and i think we need to bring that back. when you're sick of aou recruitment in your role as a director for the center, for national defense at heritage. what is the mission of your group overall?yo >> to write and research on areas of u.s. national defense policy, trying to make sure america remains a strong power well defended and everything is protected by. >> the things he talks about today for further details general reported on and researched on, improving america's long-term military recruiting outlook. it's an october piece from last year but it is available at heritage.org. anthony is on the line retired

military from west bloomfield, michigan, good morning. >> "good morning america". good morning c-span. general, i thank you for your service. i spent about ten years on active duty in the marines and 17 in that marie can a. my last assignment waser supporting recruiters. with the challenges today, young people are more knowledgeable than we were when we went in. they see the divisiveness around the country. they see some of the shortcomings and challenges we have had with recent conflicts. until the military is not a top choice. i think the focus would have to be on recruiting incentives that give them different perspectives, different options. he thanks of the on callers they talk about woke-ism and things of that nature.

that kind of reinforces some of the division that goes on in the country today. i am an african-american, i joined beast based on being in rotc for four years in high school press options there i did not see that are available -- were not available in the inner-city. so i think we need to recognize that we are americans. that our young people that we encourage and support day in and day out need to understand they are americans. and all americans of all nationalities, ohrid and genders are americans, thank you. >> anthony, thank you for your service to the marine corps. i think you're exactly right but part of the prime the military has is an information gap. americans get their information about the u.s. military from what they see on tv, or in movies. and a lot of times those are not correct to refer example in tv you will see commercials of veterans coming home and they

have been previously wounded their having to rely on private charities. some of that is correct. but america needs to take great care of its veterans. and in many cases do print the messaging american gets needs to be corrected. nothing in many cases it is progressing your expenses veteran care have improved over the years? >> dramatically. passed numerous v-8 reforms opening access to private care. reducing the weight lines at va facilities has really gotten better. but let's give them a call here, harbor, michigan good morning. >> good morning. i would like to comment on what i would think the service out quite a bit. if they would get away from sending people to college. we need to skilled trade is whan we really need. they would be really good if they would have them complete

their military obligation, at the same time as they would to complete a journeyman's card before they got out ofef servic. that way they have got a job looking them in the face when they get out. it would help out quite a bit too. >> there must be something going on already pre- >> there is congress is put in place programs during the last six months of your military you can apprentice with a company come it could be a tradesor company it could be an it company. either way you get six months alongside a private company to kind of ease your transition back into civilian life. it's a little understood program that the militaryif has. >> thomas for the heritage foundation, the center for defense policy at the heritage foundation. he is there director, thank you for being with us. >> think you appreciate having me. quick c-span has unfiltered coverage of the u.s. response to russia's invasion of ukraine

pre-bringing of the latest from the president at other white house officials, the pentagon, and the state department as well as congress. international perspectives from the united nations and statements from foreign leaders. all on the c-span network. the c-span now free mobile app and c-span.org/ukraine. our web resource page where you can watch the latest videos on demand and follow tweets from journalists on the ground. go to c-span.org/ukraine. excellent state morning, gun manufacturing executive testify on how they marketed their products and respond to gun violence in this country. this has oversight and reform committee hearing begins at 10:00 a.m. eastern. live coverage on c-span three. you can also watch on c-span now our free mobile video app or online at c-span.org. >> c-span now is a free mobile app featuring or unfiltered view

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