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as many of you know, smithsonian associates is not federally funded and relies entirely on donations and membership support to bridge gap between program and i will form a wide range of becoming a member is our .xperiences each year you can learn more on this website is and where. which brings me to my next item. i want to quickly mention a few features so you are clear run our programs . look for a checkbox at the

top or bottom of your screen so we can relate well relevant links. there's a lot for a section after the presentation the british uses of your questions throughout the presentation you will get to as many as wecan . it's nice pprogram features closed captioning or you can the closed captioning icon on mthe toolbar. there will be a survey encouraged you to complete. we value your feedback has we look forward to learning more . but our speaker she is a master of animal science and the author of the bestseller animals in translation. the artistic bringing thinking in pictures when he came in each field will be starting higher games. she has been on fire in the welfare of animals is adequate for the busy. she resides in colorado. herbal visual thinking is for

people who think in pictures and instructions is now available on our partner center politics gross now will further delay please welcome doctor temple grandin's it's great to be here and talk to iaeverybody tonight. i really appreciate it if you get my slides up so i can see them going to be talking about different kinds of thinking and this is something that really gets to me. i am an extreme visual thinker. think about, when i was a kid i was severely wanted. i was lucky to into the early educational programs. i can't emphasize that is and i'm now a college professor in animal behavior. so i think we will go onto my next slide . the first thing is you have to realize different kinds of thinking exists.

on the or mixtures of different kinds of thinking but there's some people that are e extreme visualizer. he saw the hbo picture that shows how i think and when i first started out in miami behavior were everybody in pictures. i didn't know thinking existed and i was shocked when i discovered there were people are don't think in pictures. that was a complete shock to me and being a visual thinker out to me in my work with animals. next slide and it shows a shadow in a shoot and i've done a lot of work. there's a shadow, that's a picture of me, a picture with my camera. and i'm making a shadowlook scary . often nights people don't like to look at those things. they don't think to look at what the animal is seeing a. yet this animal lives in a

work-based world. they don't understand how an animal thinks sensory, we all know the dogs nose is well-suited but new research has shown that on actually be trunk line going from thenose to the visual cortex . think about it, s. three-dimensional pictures, that's really tricky . let's go to the next slide. now the thing is in looking at things in engineering, mathematical inclined engineers, visual thinkers could see something. also visual thinkers like me are terrible often times can see just how to fix something to. all my thoughts are pictures so five years ago i wanted to visit this launchpad, and we are under the launchpad at 7:00 in the morning five years ago and i saw something

. this should not be in there. and he's on the next slide, a raccoon. and i got to thinking what have you been chewing? nobody knew he was there. nobody knew that a raccoon was living in the launchpad they had equipment inside the space where the raccoon is . only he didn't do anything to it nobody else knew that he wasthere . let's go to the next slide. now we need this. i review a lot of journal articles and we're getting where there's more and more. all this fancy mathematical stuff on data, you see the two devices there. one has magnet in spins around. the other house contraction with the ferris wheel and a

very expensive cancer study was completely ruined because one use magnetic stir, the other and it totally changed the results. these details matter. i'm not very good at doing the math but i make sure that we follow the details and i'm reviewing a paper right now and they haven't taught us about this space. this is really important, it matters for thinking animals so on to the next slide. there's three basic ways to think. and let's just go to the first one. and a lot of people arenext . thinking totally in pictures where good fixing cars. and you've got some of these autistic results playing video games, this is where we need to get retiredauto

mechanics to get them out working on cars . there's nothing more interesting than video games and a lot of these people are staying in a basement playing this and their pioneers in the videogame industry so they're good at inventing mechanical equipment, graphic design, working with animals because they don't think in words and photography . these are the some of the things that we are good at, but we are terrible in your math and visual thinkers swere needed to solve a lot of practical problems. let's keep the electrical systems working and we will go on to the next slide. in mathematical thinking this would be the engineer that's got an engineering degree . chemistry, physics, music and math go together. arts and mechanics. together. i know that sounds weird music and math go together and i'm also going to show you all the different kinds of minds that can be complementary and many many

people are mixtures of the different kinds. but then you get the kids that get special and labeled, they tend to be in the extreme. maybe an extreme mechanical person so go to the next slide and you have writers, psychologists, lawyers, people that think in words and we go on to the nextslide . as we research is outlined in thechapter in my visual thinking book , i'm going to hold it up right here. it made the new york times bestseller list, number seven on hardback and number nine on print. i was pleased about. but research shows that there actually is two different types of visual thinkers, ones like me and more mathematical ones think in abstract patterns so next slide. how do you figure out what kind you are ? thing is s,one kind of thinking tends to be dominant and

there's big discussions in the schools about are we going to teach words, it would be a good idea to teach different methods. the kids might be able to learn to read with either one but the kids like me , we needed books. let's go to the next slide. turns out we've got that big visual trunk line in mybrain . for visual thinking. another slide. there's another picture of the internet trunk line to visual thinking and we willgo to the next line . look at how you prefer totake that information . visualizer like me if i'm trying to show you how waterworks , the it's the pictures and diagrams. visual thinker will think of a special mind they tend to look at both. both the diaphragms. go to the next slide. let's look at all the different kinds of thinkers

might design a plan. this is an interesting study done with high school students that were the specialists in arts schools, science, school or humanities . very language based and art students working in teams they made fantastic plans with crystals maybe they apply this squarewith a polar bear on it . the science students tended to be with not much imagery. they described gravity and other factors and the humanities students they just used flashes of color in the beginning they just used words and use the art project, not words. go to the next slide. the thing that's interesting is verbal thinkers right top down. they tend to overgeneralize. i get that question over time . i need to know. we got alittle kid is three

years old . okay that's super good at math and needs to be moved ahead in math. i need to have more information and the optic visualizers and mathematics, i make that process with specific examples and put them on a spreadsheet. i may have specific examples of good and bad behavior for example and you can put them in different categories like robbing banks is much worse than maybespitting on the sidewalk . if i have to use specific examples to make contexts so next slide. boot when the patent office first started, the optic visualizers like me, the very mechanical people rule . making things like grain harvesting equipment, things that are mechanical devices . now we've got a lot of

people in and a lot of computer programmers but even with tech like with zoom visual thinkers can make a simple connection, the more mathematically inclined programmers have to focus so go to the next slide and the inventor of the 3-d printer, the 3-d printer is a mechanical device. it's not just a rolling computer. it's a mechanical device that has electronicsin it . so next slide. now, we're screaming out my kind of thinkers who absolutely can't do algebra and i've done a lot of work on a large meatpacking plants designing equipment and there are all kinds of people working out that barely graduated from high school and they may have taken a single class and there inventing and testing equipment. there are two parts of engineering, one called the

clever engineering department and then there's a degreed engineer doing the eemore mathematical parts of engineering . so the next slide. now, i came to the realization there's a lot of stuff like, we don't make the state-of-the-art 3-dprinting systems . next slide. or how about the state of the art electronic chip making t machine. and the next slide shows all the mechanical gadgets. you have a lot of work for our non-mathematicians to do the same thing is true for fake food processing processing like right now you want a processing plant, it's going to come from power and the reason for that is you can go to the university of holland or ththey don't stick their nose up at the tech track. there's are plumbers,

electricians, people that maintain stuff. heating and air-conditioning, all the people that are pulled as clever engineers. we got to keep the water system running. the other thing about the ti autistic path is the artistic kid, he's in charge of the water system and that's the most important thing in his life. next slide. then we're making the state-of-the-art electronic microscope, go to the next slide and we're not making this. in 2019 just before covid shut everything down i went to this place and this equipment is so important. we imported most of it from holland. we're paying the price from taking all the hands-on classes out of the schools. there's a lot of retired people out there the schools won't do it, they won't pick the cars out of the garage and mechanical engineers teach these people how to fix cars were somebody else can

start cooking class. we got to get kids back doing hands-onthings . i'm concerned we've got kids growing up today that are making coffee but have never used tools. it's not good and they're going to be making decisions in the future about really important stuff that involves tactical things so go to the next slide . the mars rover, we sold the parachute here but the fabric was woven on high-tech european looms and made in the uk so next slide. and then i went out to steve jobs theater. this was my fourth stop from my 2019 trip right before covid closed everything down. see the structural glass walls bastion mark they were designed in italy and built in germany there's a lot of farm equipment now that's coming out of germany and we're going to have all these

spare parts for it and the roof is from dubai. there's a connection on what we did in education 25 years ago taking up shop welders and mechanicsand what's going on now . another big mistake industry made was shutting down in-house engineering. we used to have a big giant place called the fabrication shop which the company no longer exists. pay bills and patented and design lots of equipment . and now we are paying the price for taking out in-house engineering and taking up shop classes and we're building all these new factories . where are we hagoing to have people that make that equipment so the next slide. these are the classes we need to get back into schools. cooking, sewing, woodworking.

welding, theater. i talked stto somebody the other daywhere there kid went into technical theater . and artistic kid and that's all the people backstage that make the lights work. they got interested because their school had no theater program. all these things expose kids topossible careers . i'm seeing too many kids that get an autism diagnosis and they're not learning to do anything . they're getting way too overprotected . you've got einstein and at the other end of the spectrum you have somebody that cannot dress themselves and has a muchmore severe crisis so go to the next slide . the problem is my kind of thinker cannot do algebra. i'd be screened out of a lot of programs like california right now i don't know if i can actually pass highschool but the being is you need my kind of mind . youneed the mathematicians to . 50 percent of community

college students, if this kid has to take remedial math to get into car mechanics class maybe he won't ever get into a car mechanics class so next slide. my grandfather was an inventor of the autopilot for airplanes and he was an it trained mathematical engineer . he worked with another guy who is autistic upwho came up with this crazy new idea for an autopilot. people in aviation was ridiculous they tinker and they finally got it towork . and then it was stolen. and the stolen version was in a plane in world war ii. that's where they needed a verbal thinker so the thingis we need all differentkinds of thinkers and they can work in complementary ways . go to the next slide . let's look at a huge food processing plant.

the optic visualizers like me design the layout. lay out the whole factory and then build all this clever mechanical equipment and packaging the shapes . most graduated from flight school, nthat's it . i and skilled trades, other things you need a college degree. then your visual spatial math thinkers. then theybecome the engineers . they've got to engineer both boilers and preparation for a food processing plants, a power and water . that we know how to do.ho but it's the stuff inside where there's problems so the next slide. let's look at this book, visual thinking. betsy lerner, my verbal thinking co-author helped because i would do the first draft by associating things. and then betsy would straighten out all my thoughts . that's different kinds of mindsworking together .

a lot of them say can you take betsy and turn her into a big visual thinker, no you're not going to turn me into betsy and make me linear. there's some learning you can do but the most valuable thing ito do is realize thinking is different and collaborates and using the skills in complementary way. next slide. so let's look at who makes a building. architects make it pretty, creative . big picture aspects. the engineers will makesure it doesn't fall down and the electrical systems will work right . you see, youneed to have both . i've looked a lot inside the space station, it'sfunctional . it's not very pretty, designed by engineers where elon must is making his stuff look much prettier. putting a little bit of the architect into it.

the people i work with work on subsidized design which is all the big meatpacking plants, 20 percent of these people still metal workers. people who roll out entire factories are either dyslexic or adhd . we need thosef skills . multiple patents and i show these slides and i impress upon them you need these skills. i taught at skill companies, computer companies, airlines, banks, mystical companies and all different types of companies and we need all these different skills. all these different kind of learners, you need us at the steel mill for example. how old are your mechanics keep that steel mill running because the problem is the people i work with are retiring they're not getting replaced.

the kid with the autism label playing video games in the basement needs a couple people to fix escalators. nthe next time you go to the airport or the big department store you seee somebody exiting the elevator e . see how old they are, they'll tell you where not getting enough young people coming in to replace us. i'm 75 right now and people ask me what do you want to do , what's important to you? what's important right now is helping a young kid to think differently and get into great careers where they can make positive contributions so thenext slide . i find grandparents who tell me all the time they discover their artistic when the kids get diagnosed and they have good jobs. i've seen too many kids get overprotected, they're not learning shopping, they're not learning bank accounts, they're not learning laundry, just basic skills,they're not learning them ..

so the next slide. the thing i want to ask is what would happen to some of the top abilities in today's educational system, what would happen to einstein ? he be in an autism program today. you can argue whether or not he's autistic but he would be in an autistic program and whereare you going to end up ? give them more advanced math to work on. so next slide. michelangelo, grumpy kid, out of school at age 12 but he's running around all the churches seeing great arts. clear start with exposure first and then mentor them and ihad great mentors . i had great teachers when i was young. my speech teacher helped me get age great speech at age 4. a great science teacher motivated me to study y their

wonderful mentors but i got into the cattle industry because i got exposed to it when i was a teenager. michelangelo was exposed to great art and he grew up grwith stone cutting tools. that kid today would never have used a tool. next slide. i had a girl in my class who had neverused a tape measure to measure anything . she's probably on the autism spectrum. einstein, they both had creative qualities and einstein would do math problems while he was playing the violin so next slide . thomas edison hopped out of school, probably had autism but he learned how to work at ayoung age and also had mentor in . i can think of all thepeople i've worked with , the resident genius at a big factory couldfix anything electrical . but we need those people so the next slide. tesla, 'elon musk came out and

said he's on theautism spectrum . probably on the autism spectrum, this is theproblem, you've got lots of people on the spectrum . you got extreme talent on one end and people with severe disabilities on the other end that cannot dress themselves or do normal activities so next slide . arts foster scientific significance, that's the reason we need to keep hands on in schools. 50 percent more likely to is have an arts and crafts, that's another reason for keeping all these classes. go to the next slide. let's give you some tips for working with brains that are different. this slide shows a lot of business leaders. don't stick that person on

the take-out window, don't stick them in a crazy chaotic store during the holidays because they absolutely cannot afford that. don't burn me with long information, icannot remember it . give me a pilots checklist on what i am supposed to do. being vague doesn't work. you can't say you're not a team player. you've got to say at that project meeting youcall me stupid, that's not acceptable . i was brought up in the 50s with social skills training so let's say i still drink withmy finger . my mother didn't scream no, she'd say use a spoon and she probably give me a reason. go to the next slide. where's the student 10 years after high school? i was doing projects that were showing temple grandin's hbo. next slide.

so when you're earlier what i learned i will show people my work. i learned how to sell my work than myself. a lot of people on the site are very successful , they're still working shots, reasons small, they were self-employed and run the business side. they as always you that are going to have to have somebody in a suit to keep things organized a. pay bills, negotiate prices, the. what does the next slide. this is a line that i use to sell on having the design the end of every single part of these plans in their selling very well for only thought

was retarded. but the thing is showing hr doesn't do the plant manager is used, the people that will appreciate. you've got to show the work that how i got jobs. so next slide. and i want to show you some of the photos i stop portfolio. let's say your usual off some of the, and i used both old one day uniquely presented so something and say it only happensmemory . so the next slide. at the age of my projects. actually all i movie shows after a high. let's go back to his years, leaving rest.

all in visual thinking on disasters as you nuclear power disaster it had watertight doors. is your great job of making it through, work and then months later the tsunami over the seawall, flood the emergency cooling pump. not will work on the water. watertight doors. so simple i, the accident would not have. that's like me people like me to say hey, you got a letter on this so next slide. and i show them sure. go to the next slide. today you have on your phone. and on that slide you questions restore the time now for doing questions.

>> excellence, that is a lot. we have a few questions. use old now and perfect. so is asking about education talking about how if there's anything you are excited about in our education system ? >> there's a lot of seizures but i'm concerned we're getting so much cash to pass on higher mathematics. what, you, you may be screening all some of the best veterinarians is visualized is wrong. i'm especially concerned that we got, here's a video

question is answered and said autism spectrum of visual anger no. that was a mistake i made when i was thinking is on the spectrum is not a visual anger spectrum tends to be an extreme finger. let a few visuals and who also have you on spectrum are extreme mathematicians. and then site age and putting makers bases in museums. wonderful. when i went to our two talk my visual thinking book hon the physics is. and they're all pretty pictures and sewing machines and crochet .ay that lesson get hands on the thing i'm concerned about is

oriented physics programs may not be for visual thinkers. my is more in the buying things. i'm a big believer makers bases his access to tools. only removed from the world and i will, part of the problem is losing common sense, common sense is visual thinking. say you still water on groceries store for cleanup because they consist the simple visual thinking. your question from john,use a person is a visual ? you can't tell in for you. by the time seven or eight show and so will have to a autistic person, a person

didn't care about labels. all of the thinkers are good at drawing and d figures would be good at math and both kids would be moved ahead is a higher. just something he. we need to develop the skill there. i'm a big believer in exposing his peloss of, especially kids that learn different and see what they gravitate towards. here's, jane asked how you all visual thinkers connect better. all contact with animals. there's a autistic kids that have come dogs is a book signing years ago for why animals make us human. there's a costco outside thand i was shocked of the summer of denver, not even a mouse

or israel or a or something like that apples is when i will's book, this is what the grandkidswill be getting . there's outdoor scientists, calling all lines is about 20 percent or so kids denver and never made a. there's a problem. get them out, get exposed to a lot of things. some people will say there's ie show it doesn't matter what kind of online somebody asked . you can learn using the same sentence. the people of this year, is probably true. as an extreme position, and objects visualizer, ask taylor she said. we've made big mistakes in

education and that's what germans are making a lot of stuff that we make like a poultry processing plants for example. the machines importance of. >> here's the question from jan possessing you know what percentage of the us population are objects visualizer, facial visualizer letters ? >> 3 33%p 3 3 3%% 3%%

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interface on zoom that was done by a guy worked for webex. webex wouldn't listen him, so he started zoom in about. webex. it's horrible. you see, in the simple interface is made by somebody like me and then the programmers have to make the thing work. steve jobs was an artist. that's why iphones are easy to use. mathematicians had to make it

work work. that actually makes complete sense. cathy has an interesting of are there any colleges or universities that you know of that developing programs to support alternate? well, there are programs, you know, give me some accommodations, extra time on tests, but on isn't things that are kind of scary. i did a book signing out in california thinking and for on visual thinking and they had it in a school and i talked to the headmaster of that school. he didn't know that visual thinking existed. he knew about mathematics thinking and word thing. and he kept asking me. well, how do you think about this? he didn't know it existed. and i go, who's going to keep the air conditioning on in your school in phenix, arizona right. yeah. there's a connection here. is amy actually sort of ties on that about dissemination of knowledge. she is asking, is there any

movement to make textbooks cover multiple types of learning within. each culture? the more thing is just then, some studies have shown know if you just the run of the mill school kids where you know a lot of mixtures of different kinds of thinking then, you can use different so-called styles of learning. it doesn't seem to matter. but where i think it really matters is you get the extremes. and i'm an extreme object. visualize, or you get somebody who's an extreme mathematician may also be an extreme music really good at music and the middle of the road kids, they can learn by phonics or they could learn whole word or they could learn the math way or learn the math some other way. but for me, bit too abstract. i don't understand it. and the thing you look at some of our real thought leaders in the past they were probably some of them were autistic or dyslexic. i'm also concerned verbal thinkers getting too theoretical because i stated some

interesting places on the structure. they found it interesting who told me to stay at that. you get your key and it's some kid from the 1930s at the local college. and then you get to have a room that's full of his textbooks, 1930s electrical engineering book, much more applied, 1930s, western literature books. shakespeare, socrates, all the stuff we read today. but you should've seen the foreword that said there's been a lot of nonsense written about the greeks. and you got to remember that this stuff was written in the language they actually used real straightforward. then a green room. i got put in an office of a political science professor. i never such vague abstract stuff about politics. it wasn't right left. it didn't discuss issues. it was few that just absolutely did not understand. and i'm going person's going to be in charge of making a decision about whether we keep our coal fired power plant that

is running my house now. yeah, we've got serious things we have to think about. absolutely yeah. and what i'd like i can tell you what i'd like to do. i'd like to run at the lowest possible level. just keep in good order, keep the expertise, but maybe run it at 10%. however small i can run it, not mess it up. and i have to get i got to go talk to the thinkers to maintain it, to find that out. but i'm about shutting it completely off. i could i'd like to get it down to like 80% shut off, but shutting it completely off if we have an emergency. let's say an ice storm takes out the windmills kind of a visualize. yeah, it's a nice power station. too much, to take care of bison out on its property. so i know all about how many rail cars it uploads of coal.

see, that's not abstract. and i question complete. shutting it down. my approach would be what's the lowest i can run without hurting the planet and keep the rest out there? but not totally. if i turn it off, it hurts it. see, this is problem. quebec doesn't like being turned off off. no, that's the thing that a lot of people understand. now, i don't know how. slow. i can run it without messing it up. i'm to have to go talk to some guys in the man. they'll tell me we so barber is as asking about is a tutor in a sixth grade class in the school. how can teachers do you have any advice for or tutors to individual learning for visual learners while accomplishing required tasks? well, that's way too vague. let's talk about something.

let's talk about something with me because that's too young when was eight years old, i could not read. i was in third grade and even today, schools. they realize that if kids can't read in third grade, they really like to be in. they were using a whole word and -- jane books that did not work with me mother taught with phonics very simply you see you know your abc song you already have half the sentence so mother had me memorize the sounds. then she'd read something like the wizard of oz loud. it' s >> then i would slowly sound out rwords . that worked for me. those other kids, you messed them up with phonics. this was an autistic kid learning in a different way. the important thing is i

couldn't learned, now specific formulas, that's i can do and going back to the 1930s, electrical engineering i was explaining how a generator works and it had amassed their. >> actually we did get a question for patrice. you mentioned there are a great teacher who helped you. >> i had many great teachers, she was wonderful. >> she wanted to expand on what exactly did you do hold you out that wasmeaningful . >> it was a small school and we were taught but it was my mother and said we've got to get youreading mother taught me at home . dick and jane she had a book

about clara barton the famous nurse. we'd work on this i went from no reading to sixth grade level quickly . the other thing where not teaching his writing skills. just write up the methods of theexperiment and writing clearly so i can understand . and i'm not the only professor right now complaining about writing skills but the way i learned to write was i work and i had to correct it and i'm finding my students and i got smart students hardly wrote a term paper. never had anybody correct grammar and their papers. i had to tell them read your paper out loud. it still sounds terrible, then you need to correct it.

>> so we have actually quite a few questions and it's hard to get through all of them. one question is one person is talking about writing, how they do encourage their learners or thinkers to write . is there something ... >> for me, visual thinking, i narrate the scene. if i'm thinking about let's say if i described how to ride to the airport. now i'm seeing landmarks along the way to the airport. i described it. i went and visited some interesting place where i see some interesting things.

words narrate the pictures. that's how i think. but one of the things that spurred me to write the visual thinking book is a skills issue and i was locked down with nothing to do during covid and i had just gone to those four places and came to the realization i had a serious skill loss issue and i had to write a book and i tell business leaders the first thing you've got to realize is people incorporated differently, let's look how these skills can becomplementary . >> absolutely. and actually for this, continuing with your nonvisual skills but skills that are useful. upyou mentioned that person who has never picked up a ruler in their life. >> that was last year. >> never had used it to

measure anything or a tape measure to measureanything . >> someone is asking do you have any thoughts on teaching on visual skills like taxes and insurance. >> i think there needs to be some business mass, household math, how about some math on howto run a business . and you know, then people wouldn't be running up all this intime and everything else. there's a furniture store that makes me angry every time i drive to the airport. there are no payments for three years, so your mind these charges. then. well, i was taught to save money when i was eight. $.50 of allowance and these lessons are how they are. $.50 a week. that didn't buy comics little sweat airplanes.

and if i wanted a 59 sent airplane i had to see . and i'm realizing how important that was. and no, the ones that are going to be on the track, how do you set up a corporation, fortunately i had a really good friend who was a contractor and helped me about my business. and things like just adding home expenses, adding all the income for taxes . i knewhow to do all that . >> rence is sort of bringing up a different similar subject. in addition to the limitations of lack of hands-on skills such as we just discussed with rulers and an ability to complete tasks , what about the visual overload and perhaps distraction in today's world? >> the thing that's happening, i'm seeing a lot of these kids and not on disability checks playing

video games all dayand they're not getting fabulous jobs in the videogame industry . but i don't think all that stuff replaces real things. i heard about one kid arwho loved american football and got a chance to go to an actual game. he found out it was really cool. and the first the first time he bought something at a concessionstand . hadn't done that before. so kids like to do real things. they're not doing enough of that, there are some benefits to things you learn from video games but that's an hour a day playing, not eight hours a day playing.e any benefits on motor skills training, it's one hour a day . and i'm not seeing good outcomes utand the kids most likely to get addicted are the visual thinkers like me that want tobe out building things . now i'm spending a lot of my time giving talks and is

really great, they will visit my school, see that beautiful shop because i need to get out and do real things. >> absolutely. >> bei visited a beautiful dairy in qucbec, flew out and see things. on the other hand there's a point where 85, 90 percent on the road, different hotel every night, it starts to get verystressful . >> absolutely. going back to your book gail is asking could you talk about animal consciousness. >> in my last chapter of my visual thinking book i discussed animal consciousness. i can't imagine anybody who has a dog who thinks it's not conscious. some of this gets down to visual versus verbal thinking .

if you're a highly verbal thinking where everything you think about is in words you might have a hard time understanding how the dog could think without words. but somebody who thinks and features it's easy to imagine w how a dog could think without words. they don't have verbal language but animals can plan for the future. they love their like a squirrel burying the nuts for the winter. think about the dog that goes to the veterinarian and on this car route he's acting up. animals can solve problems under new novel conditions like figuring out how to make a tool. figuring out a way to get it out. they can do that and i think animals are conscious, i don't think all animals are

conscious, you have to have a centralized nervous system where memories, emotions , can merge together. sort of like la big conduit or an airport hub. i hopeairport . all networks whether it's facebook or meairports, i can remember before they had airports. or the nervous system they have certain association areas. i don't think plantshave it. octopuses probably are cindy and . >> continuing with animals, all elizabeth is asking regarding your consulting on animal welfare do you observe animals and imagine how they view the world or is it some other process. >> i can imagine it, i'm trying to imagine how a dog asks for pictures does some three-dimensional snow pictures. i also don't want t thinking about where do cattle sit in.

i've got this paper, grazing animals are part of a sustainable agricultural future and grazing, gracie lawn, yes they put out methane so do sodas and melting a ton in swaps. got to use of light, you use animals along with reckless but use them right you're raising animals. you can improve land and the other thing when people complain that cattle raisers take up too much land, 20 percent of the earth'ssurface cannot be cropped . it can only be produce. it's to erin for cropping. not enough groundwater, not a water coming from the sky. >> lots of people don't think about that. >> we actually have a comment from karen.

you mentioned dyson and they want to thank you for your work you did years ago in yellowstone national park to make bison capturefacilities much better for animals . >> if m all around all over the place. lots of these animals you can feed them in corrals and one day shut down. that's a lot easier than the chase. >> you've got something that i see that solution. it is something that i see, it's not abstract. this is where we need my kind of mind to visualize ways to fix things. also people talk about stuff like abstract when all these power plants are in texas . nobody sat down and said what exact piece of equipment froze each pipe??

well, you'd have to know that before you can make a rational decision on the ones that were the easiest to fix . nobody discussed back. that's so abstract you're not solving the problem. some of that equipment will be easy to winterize and some will be impossible . but you have to know what froze first. and the people making decisions have to know what froze. what exact thingfroze and how difficult would it be . >> that never got discussed. and i get scared when i looked at the books selling for political office, somebody with all that verbal abstractness will make a decision about power plants but is it the right decision? we've got to do things to reduce carbon, we've got to reduce coal .

and i'd like to, it would be nice if our coal-fired power plant had a less coal. but at this point i question. i'm thinking if we reduce electricity use we to train cars less coal. i see that. >> actually going into the medication and mitigating someone is asking how can people of different thinking types be held. >> you have to thinkingb it just problem-solving because you need verbal pictures. it's verbal thinking enables us to have books and libraries that made it possible to do things to fly to the moon but we're not

going to do that anytime soon . because it enables us to store and animals can't do that. >> someone else is asking for those of us who are more visual, how well do you have know the problem before you can visualize likely solutions? >> a visual picture is a bottom-up thinker so the more things like at age 50 i thought i could think better than at age 20 was i had more visual pictures in my database. it's sort of like training and artificial intelligence. you want to train and artificial intelligence to diagnose melanoma cancer you got to show it all kinds of melanoma and show it to other kinds of skin rash the better that dss is, okay, let's go back to the powerplant thing.

i don't know what a cold powerplant is lthe visual thinker gets wisdom more stuff they read about and convert to graphic visualization and stuff they see and you can associate it together . but you have to have data in a database to associate. how to design a piece of equipment and it worked like something else for example. >> that's why the kids need to get out and see all kinds of stuff and then they can think of all kinds of different ways to do things so that got a lot of information in the database. it takes a lot of data to make bottom-up thinking work. >> absolutely. moving on to employment, someone is asking you talked

with many ceos and their teens, what kind of actions do you see them take afterwards? >> the tech industry in bringing people back contests program, workshops where people come in and show off your things might have interfaces and people who come in and show up stuff but you have to change some of tthe process to get some of the best minds because your is not interview. needs to show the other mechanics the harm you. best will be showing the work. some companies are really really flexible changing interview process. but then i press on the same way in my work with cattle is that one of the reasons that are cal handling is it makes

money. better weight gain, and it also capture workmen's comp. . >> continuing translation. >> i miss them that cattle will make money. and maybe some of these skills. i didn't realize our school was needed to the planet steve jobs here stwas in a lightbulb moment. check making machines, you see the sales this goes back to their educational system. they go with the track by skilled trade is the only place, there are a few you about patient and even at a but this is something that is realized.

and we need kinds of thinkers and especially now we all problems with this. we got to do stuff that actually is going to work. you can get somebody that gets in the first step is realizing that i exist a lot of people, usually one figure llanes. and you realize some people are true mixers that you with the label, the something extreme. >> we have a few comments about how some individuals thought they were fully for most gainfully visual thinkers they realize that they are, in fact combination

. >> love you are mixed and so some of this research shows that thinking style matter. you get just holds's, the other mixers may have been using something like me and asked out your discount. because there's nothing visually free policies. i have graphics file order to remember something. , einstein say. in today's educational system. that's a real word. some states do better long as the sunset and classes backing up easily exposing on his reasonable larger things

as well as all ecologies in can't find anybody. that's right now. wasn't. that's right now, i was there. we were just. they felt like they away the requirement to have a college education, you can find a holdings. >> some saying it makes a lot of sense. was existed., and longer c years. >> theater, and music. i was exposed to these instruments, never did work for me, never house and another kid and you don't know until exposed. i'm a big believer in exposing kids to a whole lot of things and see what they towards. because of a person, social

things up turning on. what else he is having an interesting career and having friends to share his interests . flash is great and flat i had this year. we sat next to all the talk about warehouse and concrete plumbing systems . see shared interest. were we talked to somebody about their cat. that's shared interest. >> i love that. someone is actually talking standardized tests. getting fast easy he is. for thinkers. >> other thing is these requirements.. i want to go into engineering

. i had to drop in engineering class. i majored in psychology and i have a fabulous and he's. my little tiny college will start at school, 400 citizens , a retired harvard professor a here. i was very lucky i had class. a set of exposure. it was my class. it was just luck that class was there. he was he had, he walked very slowly and he is to animal a year. you see, that's exposure.

>> we have someone was saying the exposure doesn't lead to a new skill and increase appreciation. >> ,is important for this, a. i also for five the doctor and it shows the doctor and said i can't stand to be in the practice for 15 minutes disease patients . they. >> we have about the book. and it's about the understanding, or put it together was there anything utilize you are able to include? >> we include the loss. it was wonderful working with betsy and his, more how that thinks and the only way, i think this is a concern of

policyholders betsy understand a business process, let's say r, betsy and i were on third-grade children's school websites. on leverage. and she only understand it and i said betsy, if you is time off, that's then she understood. she has you really have to something she had actually gone. let's say we have verbal vendors have been totally practical and anthony. serious energy. is very scary. they only then removed from the world of practice. also, i remember talking to nancy on. and before she had one she could imagine visualizing using it on you u, watch what

it does. you see, now experience "ignore her. it's something i learned in working with sunday was of your verbal vendor. i'm not saying that she should go and still trace the author. she's going to feel. but let's say a policy. i'd be very concerned they were totally from the world. >> so it's, me all kinds of minds and was i have people working with my work, i. i have been. >> we hustle and was asking advice to someone who is a human diagnosis life you might be struggling to figure

out little. >> one of the problems is making the transition to the world of work. seen situations where as well in the workplace as transitions work graduate from high school, starting with volunteer jobs, and hold , real jobs for illegals age. and alet's say you have is not inthe house . plans to immediately games, as my anger, as injuries harm us that's an issue hangs successfully has been allotted now they love them. >> was you know, give them some choices. i was here i things. my mom has is that she knew thanks.

but we need to be working on the transitions work ways and does blame/or protect their kids. and they're not going laundry, learning basicskills . because they're overprotected. now, what you don't want to do is talk into take-out environments. that's where you don't want them . that's like he's is a. because it's too much multitasking and a processing speed to handle multitasking. >> another person is asking about what kind of education. you levels need to be a democracy ?a >> west just basic beehives to others. treat others the way you want to. . that's treating others how he

want to be treated . being nice. not seeing all the blue that were that says behind. easy i always have to relate back to we teach kids to be polite but you know, i've learned to there's some issues where are, i have a friend of peter disagree on certain issues. but will have shared interest in things. just brought what is the. person asked doesn't throw trash, is not me. these are realistic things. treat others the way you want me, a hole in language.

ever had. treat others the way you must be treated. others as a monster you. but back to the thought with one specific example time. i've seen man's money rolling around the x-rays in his heart license and iraq gets a tsa officer saying we need to with cars is of immediate sure that i was very full sprint cars and buses that. another time i found always happen to him the information desk and she that. that took some extra timeto . >> there are things that are specific examples. i hopethe guy with alzheimer's now minneapolis one time . he was on a flight by himself

which he should never have been. making interaction in minneapolis. >> one question i love is doing this research, writing this book is there anything that really makes the future or something that really d excited about the. >> i'm excited about it makes you happy when you know, parents say my kid aiis industry. excited about life is working for a computer. and your that you get to that goal. they never maintain top careers and also need to be doing things that help the world. when i was a young child i have position in church where you want to work it forecast

says there is so my youths when i was a little kid. you see, this pictures, where this. there's ways must be. you know i learned very early on? when i first started in my 20s spasm rich clients that i found out that a new york jets 70s. and in 70s. his happiness. i was in my 20s with some very rich clients designing house. jets does by is the guy unable lindsay was next to francis one down in a

beautiful part of the world. she was really happy. and everybody loves him and he was an x-ray the army base he had health concerns. you've got to have yourbasics . and he was the happiest basisperson . and he had a very bad leg prosthesis. and i realize that birds could barely walk that's why the person is always outside because, he have to ride the horse. and he had a prosthetic leg is not a one. but even with that, he fixed anybody's car. six washing machine. wins up r fresh water pump, it is.

and he had the basics. he had no insurance. he has ajob as an x-ray technician . he had reliable health insurance is one of the things he had. but he didn't have to worry. but he didn't have as the house . they had old cars you accepted use and they keep them running. have your basics. i work for people and animals airplanes did not buy happiness. i learned that piece. maybe is that you. >> lesson. >> also he went and built his trouser model. and i told him not to do that. and you. it was a month, that's where he is ground and he sent me out of dollars the.

>> another valuable lesson. >> was a good lesson. doesn't buy happiness tyou have to have the basics. so you're not worrying about some health problem that is not going to pay. but you see i got these things in specific examples. it's not abstract. but then the more pictures in my mind, but burials because like when google first starts and the internet firststarted , i remember when in betown and there were like 10 webpages. one was on cal reads. that's the way the visual thinkers filled its. anxiety, things i experience.

we need to teach kids to do good things. use something that's constructive. that's what we need to be. >> it is. and we had a few more minutes . i want to make sure you have an opportunity to say a thing about the book you might have , you might want or anything in particular about writing this. >> i did a rough draft, the resort, i have a lot some people have said the science? or the science, of the kind of thinking exists. and this was his studies on fine sunday. you have to use keywords.

visual-spatial is used visual science at annexes you don't five papers. you have to use the objects visualizer. analyze something. i work with all kinds of people doing the and stuff. tyson's. i was out on these jobs. let me say they were. even the guy with the corporate job, he do our. he's flying around corporate jet and stuff. and these are allocated jobs. during the 90s i was living in. saint in raphael's house to.

>> is bill's character. >> they have a pair of heels and absence because most of my construction work was that time is faces say, they didn't review off on a cd and get free cable, fancy hotels with reviewoff . >> i think that's about all the time you have. thank you. >> how people thinking and yes, i getting the book. i've aligned on the schools, change the schools? maybe we need is a car repair space, and art studio gives. you are for kids. these are things that you need to tell. my mother did the air inside the four neighborhood kids.

thesethings were not expensive things to . i thought teacher, she was frustrated because they would let her to getliteracy . as these things. you get these things, for each program. as you get the extension service. raise chickens in the backyard. all you do. >> i think this conversation will only exist for this change for. >> there's a lot of retirees out there and they might find teachings and his auto is a lot moreinteresting than all . or bridge or some other thing .

i think your bridge. that's two abstract for me. i never could figure out how to play rich class is only one. >> asked for more mathematical abstract pattern and not you. my mother had a great time having his plays. we had a little fair school and she just are and eight on this show r. >> classic. >> i remember the wishes head was made out of the green box is not really expensive stuff . the things in a. >> number. you you have to figure out how to use those labels. >> absolutely.

perfect backdrop for. >> and you can. when daddy, do it outside. kids love this off. i went to on a airspace one time third-grade kids were ignoring electronics and they were coming up washing machine with hacksaw blade at intake alone and was case and all of saw makes a little child into a box with eight. one and, put tons on any hardware. they arehaving a great time . i'm seeing out that cost nothing. so like that, just do a. one teacher garners outlook you learn about parking meters.

and how he a for parking. just thoughtthat was on the floor . it was in the city. we outsource, we see. you get a petition asking around one. it costs nothing. looking animal behavior. there's all kinds of things you can do with an enabler . >> as you mentioned there, list as well, other activities. >> cocaine, selling, woodworking. raising kids.ke for each maison. art, music. here in colorado they collect

used musical for low income schools. things that can be. >> exactly. >> and get some of these kids down a backpack. the responsible adults the role models. >> today will never. >> my science teacher was that it was four. he gave you and i will design, so can do degrees in all your classes. >> thank you temple for all wonderful position conversation. is all designed we have. we're getting thanks yous. >> ..