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>> welcome to this authorization. in her own words, program for the first ladies association for research and education. my name is myra, i am president of flair, i am happy you joined this for this interesting look at different first ladies and their rhetorical responses. i would like to thank flair's lifetime members. historicalts society and our newest

inaugural lifetime institutional member, gerald rd ford presidential foundation. in the interest of time, i would like to take the next few minutes to introduce the core people who will be part of this afternoon's program. we're going to start with nancy keating smith. at national archives and records. she has written electiontured and published on first ladies since the 1980s, m including lady bird johnson and michelle obama and modern first ladies. shee serves as our vice president. >> dr. diana carlin. a required professor of communicationti studies at the

university of kansas. she is o researched and taught about first ladies for 30 years, and has written chapters on marty washington, lady bird johnson, barbara bush, hillary clinton and michelle obama. diana is also a founding member and inag y'all lifetime member of flair and servesga as our treasure. professor and chair of communication at stone hill college. research c focusing on american women's public activism, spanning from early 19th century to current day. shee has published several sev rhetorical studies hillary

clinton. the bookings include, rhetoric of republican motherhood and spouses of presidential nominees 1992 through 2016. malanya and michelle. firstch ladies in a new era and connecting with constituents. identification building and blocking in the contemporary national convention addresses. tammy is also an inaugural lifetime member of flair, my pleasure to turn the program over to nancy keegan smith. nancy, you are muted. >> it is a

pleasure to be here today and welcome our people, i we think we have a very interesting program lined up. have tackled issues as leaders of society. lady bird johnson said while no assign duty. on first ladies, we hear 14 segments of speeches by barbara bush, hillary clinton, laura bush and michelle obama which had a powerful p impact after watching theseg our panels of experts will analyze and discuss them. we can go to the next slide on mrs. bush.

mrs. bush's humor and attitude today what is important in life is shown in the speech she made at wellsly college on june 1, 1990, she had not been the first choice and her selection caused cop verseo campus. -- controversy campus. >> diana. >> i know your first choice today was alice walker. guess how i know. because because known for the c color purple, you got me, known for the color of my hair. as you set off i hope many of you will consider making three very somewhere choices. first is to believe in

something larger than yourself. to get involved in some of the big ideas of our time. i chose literacy because i honestly believe if more people could read, write and comprehend, we would be that much closer to solving so many of the problems that plague our nation. and our society. early on, i made another choice, i hope you will make as well, a whether you talk about education, career, or service, you are talking about life. and life really must have joy. it supposed to be fun, one of the reasons i made the most important decision of my life to mary george bush because he b made me laugh. it is true, sometimes we laugh through our tears. but that shared laughter has been one of our strongest bonds. the joy in life, because. as ferris buehler said on

his day off. life moves pretty fast, and you don't stop and look around once in a while you are going to miss it. [applause] i'm not going to tell george you clapped more for ferris clapped for george, the third choice, to cherish your how many an relations. dedication ando hard work. that is true. but as important as your obligations as a doctor, a lawyer, a business leader will be, you are a human being first, those human connections with spouses with children and friends are the most important

investments youou will ever make. >> from that powerful speech we will go to mrs. clinton. mrs. clinton was clearly a first lady with many different public roles. one of which was to use her platform to push for equal rights for women. let's hear from of her. >> there is one message that echos e from this conference, let it be that human rights are women's rights, and women's rights are human rights, once and for all. and among those rights, are the rights to speak freely and the right to be heard. women must enjoy the rights

to participate fully in the social and political lives ofes their countries if we want freedom and democracy. to thrive d and en sure. endure. whoish with to participate in this p conference have not been able to attend or have been prohibited from pulling taking part. let mee be clear. freedom means the right of people to assemble, organize and debate open 3. to respect those who may disagree with the views of the government it means not taking citizens away from their loved ones and jailing them, mistreating them or denying them their freedom or dignity because of their

peaceful expression of their ideas and opinions. >> just like mrs. johnson, mrs. bush's early role of defined by an unexpected national tragedy, 9/11, laura bush made history while advocating for a world wade effort to focus on the brutal treatment of afghan women and children by the taliban regime during the weekly presidential radio address, mrs. bush was the first, first lady to deliver the address in its entirety. >> good morning i'm laura bush. i am delivering this week's radio address to kickoff a worldwide effortld to focus on brutality against women and children by the al qaeda terrorist network and regime

it supports in afghanistan the taliban, that regime is now in retreat across much of the country. people of afghanistan, the women are rejoicing. afghan women know through hardening per yen what the rest of the world is discover, brutal op preg of women is o a central goal -- oppression of women is central goal of terrorists. 70 per of afghan people are malnourishes, one in every 4 children, won't live past the age of 5 because healthcare is not available. >> in may of 2013, michelle obama with her speech to the university students challenged in a way only mrs. obama can do. to make education a priority

and to set an example for whose who will follow them. >> when it comes to getting an education, too many of our young people just can't be bothered. today instead of walking miles every day to school, theyy are sitting on couches for hours. playing video games and watching tv. instead of dreaming of being a teachero a lawyer or a business leader they are fantasizing about being a baller or a rapper, right now, right now, one in three african-americande students are dropping out of high school, only one in five african-american betweens ages of 29 and 35 has a college degree, today getting an education is as

important it not more important than it was back when the university was founded. and please stand up, and reject the slander that says a black child with a book and trying to act white, reject that. in short, be an example of excellence. for the next generation. and do everything you can to help them understand the power and purpose of a good education. >> with first ladies have used their podium on subjects as different as a role of a woman in society. on the taliban. on human rights. and on the importance of education, i would like to turn over the panel to my good friend, and colleague,

diane carlin. >> we'll run there like a panel. you can see all 3 of hus. we'll just take the speeches inin orders put your questions theree is an email address, you don't have to just ask about these first ladies. as nancy said, when she started, barbara bush's speech was mired in controversy, alice walker of the choice of the class, when she turned them down, the administration decided to invite barbara bush. i did a lot of research, and

the papers that i found were scheduling paper they decided they put this in as if it were any other, they were at aware of what happened to get barbara the invitation. at one point, they were not sur' they were going to include it b the gorbachevs would be in town, and she had another commitment in boston to dedicate something. they decide to do it, they worked on the speech, they worked on it along with the other addresses itce was not that muchas different from other commencement addresses, one thing nanny did not mention this speech is top 100 of 20th century as was hillary clinton's beijing speech. george h.w.th bush did not have a speech in top 100, but barbara k did. commencement speeches are

not usually memorable. don't capture first ladies gtons of these, they don't capture a lot of attention, that one got worldwide attention not just because of the controversy but also the message. and to put it in more context, she is last of world war ii generation first ladies. then we go the to the baby boomers with hillary clinton. tammy and ann, why do you think this captured the attention of the women after they were not real excited about having someone they believed had gotten where she was because of who she married? >> go ahead. >> tammy if you would like to start. >> i think there are a couple thens about speech that make it worth while. a bunch. but i think one reason why itns was so captivating for

the audience was possibly it was so unexpected, they came into asen an audience with a bit of a chip on their shoulder with expectations of what can she possibly say to us, the speech is build around the question of diversity and embracing diversity in different ways. and i think couching the conversation she the way she did, barbara bush made it so much more relate able to these women in the audience and then the broader audience. and so, because it was unexpected, because they didn't think she was going to deliver much and because she brought so much of her personality into this speech and demonstrated her abilly it to be thoughtful and engaging to be really respectful of who they were, and also challenging them to be moree than what they thought, in ways may might

not have expected. and then the ways in which she used different metaphors and stories and anecdotes and a lot of wonderful laugh lines some were planned some were you know respond -- spontaneous, they made her endearing and reinforced overall message she was trying to get across, and message is endure, believing in something larger than yourself. life must have joy, cherish your human connections, hard to not like that message. and way she delivered it. >> right. >> i also was very interested in the fact that one of the things that she does immediately in this speech is recognize the controversy. we heard the little clip at beginning about i know you wanted alice walker, known

for k the color purple. she makes a joke. about the color of her hair. but there is also a line in the very beginning as well, that we didn't see where she gives a shout out to the class president. her new best friend, that is how she refers to you, you -- you can only imagine and nancy you probably know, they must have had some discussion among the platform party breyer to them -- prior on to them arriving on podium. she had spoken with the class president earlier about this. what she is trying to do and what she does beautifully in this speech is she gives a sort of a very gentle reproach to the class. and it is about women's traces inen life.

-- women's choices in life, she does it in only the way that barbarara bush could do it. inul terms of her humor and that self deprecating humor and also a little bit of the pep culture in there -- pop culture in there, the ferris buehler applause line she is comfortable and she is very informal in a lot of ways, i also think that it is very important to point out that she had mrs. gorbachev with her. i think that the two first ladies being on that stage together was also a very powerful visual. and in terms of historical memory as well.

i would say to you, she speaks to even though they are generationaly different, she speaks a lot to things that hillary clinton picks up on. later as first lady. and that is women's choices women'' choices. they -- should not be dictated by you know whatever -- whatever the political wim of the day is. and that we're lucky we have these choices. i find it remarkable for all of those reasons. >> just enter -- for background, she and class president had a phone call. >> okay. >> she writes about it her memoir they had a phone call prior to her arriving. that is why she talks in

speechch about, the conversation. this was when they were planning to speech, it was going to be basically speech she gave at st. louis university, where i was, and a community college, but when students found out she wasn invited and 125 of 600 signed a petition complaining and wanting it withdrawn, she invited asked the president if shy could invite mrs. gorbachev before theth controversy. she did that ahead of time. they pulled in some of george bush's speech writers, she said she didn't want to complain, explain or apologize forr this. one another thing she did at

beginning. you could watch the whole speech, it on youtube. she talked about the fact she was invited along with her husband. when they came back from china. and her husband was the -- was not an ambassador yet, they went to china after nixon opened it they jointly spoke, she talked about how open the students were and how they embraced diversity, tammy's component she set this up to say, this is a place where youy accept diverse people and diverse ideas and she went on to say i -- i am of a different era, i followed path of my era, you follow yours, you don't undermine, i don't understand yours, there was final incredible line, tammy -- >> i was just loving the build up. go ahead.

>> she then said, the conversations doesn't end here, andnd ann you are right this was a bigger conversation, than about her being married to someone famous it was about women's choices and the struggles that women have and she talked about how the -- place. i think about the julia robertsro movie. you know with julia styles, you know, they were getting married. that is what theyy were there for to get the mrs., then who was the ceo. and then she said so now, it is which of you will achieve your personal dream, not to society's but your dream, he said in one day in this -- she'd said in one day in this audience you may be listening to another presidential spouse, i wish him well.

that just, got the standing ovation. it was you know, it was fantastic. >> andd a couple quick notes, shehe finishes she said may your future be worthy of your dream. to reinforce not society's dream, i thought that was nice. another thing that i enjoyed about this speech, every time i watch or hear or read it i find other things that just bubble up out of it each time. a wonderful experience. i one not help but think, interesting to happen in 1990, a preview for what happened in 1992 when we had barbara bush and hillary rodham clinton two potential first ladies in the campaign, some of the conversation that came up

with barbara bush in wellesly speech came up over and over in 1992 campaign, i think this as preview to that, and a sort of earlier than happened response to it was interesting moment. >> the other thing i think about when i hear speech, i don't know if you remember. article this about -- she left. the state department, she had i think child in middle school and one in high school, she was commuting from boston, she said, we can't have it all, women cannot have it all. i think of this barbara bush speech that woman was at harvard, at the state department, and she you know like 20 years later, was saying, basically that you have to make choices. and theyy have to be your choices and comfortable.

we getn to hillary clinton. and this also got rave reviews. they believe it was speech not her working on healthcare. thatn' didn't go well, but a speech that set her on the path for her own independent career, thinking and her own stage on world scene. what are your reactions to this speech? >> one thing that i had on discovered a long time ago about hillary is. that she had a much, much more sympathetic -- i guess you would say, audience internationally than she did domestically. she did spend a lot of time

out of the country after the so-called healthcare debacle. but after that, people a lot of pundits were referring to fact she wasn't making herself as publicly available as time of about the healthcare fell apart. but in fact she had started with madeleine albright something known at vital voices, one of the main thing that vital voices did was call attention to women's seeking ways out of property worldwide. and speaking those ways through education, and also

through small business loans and madeleine albright and she made a terrific team. mrs. clinton would go into a country and give a speech andh get a lot of people very excited about this, they sped up the -- set up a program to give microloans to women even microloans smalll as 100 dollars. to perhaps buy's cow if that is what a particular woman in a particular place needed or access to a bank account. she did that for several years. i think close to 4. all told between the two terms. and absolutely minimal coverage of this. and the press in united

states no one of pay attention to her and what she was doing internationally. yes, china, or her signature speech for women's rights and for human rights and international relations. she set out to accomplish a couple of things, on her way there, one was to call attention to chino miserable record on human rights, her husband could not do as president. he didn't that that freedom she h but she had an audience that was sympathetic. and she delivered as we say, one of the top 100 speeches of the 20th century. in that -- on that occasion. >> yeah. just to jump in on the bad

idea, one thing that i thought was interesting, i looked at coverage of this speech, it is interesting there several report they'd is clinton said when many people said she could not say because of rocky relationship that was going on between u.s. and china, that was really -- interestingin and ironic she was enacting the rights she was claiming for everyone, she said, women should be able to speak up, and -- line is. they should have right to speak freely and right to be heard. for her to say that. was even more moving and the way she said it in clear statements, direct without soundingve -- assertive but not aggressive, the tone was justfe about perfect.

i can't imagine how she delivered it and better. human rights or women's rights. women areke human. and to have to say it, is frustrating to get to say it when you are not supposed to be able to get to say, has to be liberating that i think that is whyhy this particular line and this speech resonated beunion beyond that moment. >> i was wondering if you noticed in your review of coverage of speech how little there was in united states little regular press coverage in newspaper. it was not covered, not until later, that it is such a defining

rhetorical moment for her. >> after the fact. >> on 20 anniversary there were articles and cnn you know various stories on major networks '20 years after beijing, then 25 years, after beijing, there were more. this you know this one deserves to be one t of those top 100s. you touched on something important she said. but you know we -- study 19 facility. and women's suffrage, everyone thought it was about human not a human right but something that womenha wanted that declaration had never been said in that kind of a way. with that kind of a worldwide audience. let me ask a couple other questions, i think one thing first ladies can do is to

speak about something in a way a that a male president cannot speak about. and this was one of them. can you think of some other historical examples of -- where first ladies use their podium to talk about something they there husbands would not have same credibility to for. >> i'm not sure if same level of credibility but i know laura bush, you know, toward the end of her husband second term struck out on her own and spoke about issues. that were not tradition alleyad affiliated with her. such as a woman's right to choose, i don't think she ever came right out and advocated for that, but, threw her work with afghani

women and everything that was going on there. sheth push the boundaries that george was not able to. other thing that i think too, about laura bush and havingh this ability and where a lot of her credibility may have come in to play, she is mother of two young women experiencing a lot of things for the first time, you know college, choices, and then once in college we know that barbara, bush jr., enjoyed her time in college. jenna was more serious. but, she is the mom, she had that experiencing as well, she could talk about young women and their choices. >> a i would add barbara bush,

in the 1992 campaign, people started to talk about her finding her voice, she was so. in many people's -- reserved about sharing her political opinion. in the 1992 campaigns, she started to do things like preframes notion of family values. couldon really stick to tra aim family values is what republican party was talking about det. barbara bush started to reframe family as whatever kind of family you are a part a of. she expanded the notion of what n family could mean. i think that a space where barbara bush had more credibility and ability to expand c conversation her husband could not. >> hillary did things her

husband could not. things that first ladies do on podium. what about relationship of this particular speech, and how it might have helped with bill clinton's foreign policy? >> i think that hillary was an asset to bill in this second term. so many ways, not the least of which was in his foreign policy. he has never been shy about speaking of his admiration for how sharp she is politically and intellectually and ial think that he -- i think a decision of made and i would

have to spend more time researching this, but i think at some point, a decision of made. that okay, she may have made it herself, she talks a little bit about this in her first book. the decision to -- if people at home. are not appreciative of her intellect or her political power will and all that, then she would go elsewhere, she found more sympathy and more understanding outside of the united states than she did within. in that second term. and we know that second term is where.

president clinton's credibility as it related to monica and the rest of it, and the impeachment, just fell apart, and hillary and off creating this wonderful image of herself and doing the country a lot of good, i think. >> and setting herd up to be a really effective secretary of state. >> right. >> developing the relationships and establishing her image and learning about different cultural and governmental norms. she was cultivating her open future position. she was thinking about where she was going next. helping him out, probably a good thing she did. but helping herself e. >> this -- speech has

attention until just a few years ago, i'm sure people thought about it. given what happened right now in afghanistan and brings to laura bush, i thought, she could give that today. why do you think they selected her to give this speech? >> it was done a week before thanksgiving, and in latter part of speech she talks about that and very maternal in how she pulls us to where we are post 9/11 two months after. >> do you want to start that one. >> i think so -- laura bush of always a well liked first lady. and she also, you know was a very relate able person, and some of the -- academic jargon, she would -- bonds substantial bonds she was

very relatable. one of the you know keys to husband's campaign. each election cycle. people likedct her, people fell her compassion both after 9/11 and also before that. she just came across this -- giving this particular speech he it the credibility of being the sort of maternal of the nation. and the consoler in chief. if you will, and i think having her draw the attention, something that was very personal to her. she is a strong personal interest in it. that interest. comes pouring out of her in the way she talks. but this speech and others. a great decision on to have her address the nation.

it was mostly based on who she was in persona she developed. >> i agree. i really think that particularly the fact that it was so close to thanksgiving. and we're talking about the first major quote family holiday. close quote of that we were facing as americans at that time. mrs. bush had pretty much you know stepped to the background while john bush got us through the first few weeks particularly. after the attacks in 9/11. then she stepped forward, again. she stepped forward, i think as his. partner and spouse, as tammy said it was a persona she already established, a really good choice. on the bush administration

to have herar do that particular address at that time. >> i know one of other things about first ladies, like presidents they don't go away after the term is over. her commitment to afghanistan. has you know continued since they left office. that sense given her credibility to speak out. since we have had to withdrawal and human righting issues that are going on there and that euso many other first ladies who almost done more, they establishedd nose connections that credibility, they had that platform. they continued to use it high-tech person expected that y chat function is not working on youtube. sense it to flair lower case, questions, one word. plural, at gmail.com.

then we'll monitor the questions, i want to leave time, this brings us to last speaker. you talking about maternal piece that laura bush used that very affect ofly as consoler in chief, and you know when michelle obama came in princeton, harvard educated with a major law firm and this woman was like hillary clinton with power positions. she said she was going to be mom in chief, a lot of women said, you have a chance as a first african-american first lady to move things forward. she chose education and family and healthy children. what about this particular speech, was it in michelle

in my opinion, only michelle obama could have give then speech. do you want to comment or disagree? >> i think it was -- a very powerful speech. toto a very specific audience. reader recognizing that you know, she recognized that it will be a speech that plod broad kraft and -- broadcast and we will be able to look on youtube later. michelle did enormous amount of speaking during her time and after. she was speaking to movie minted black college grads, it was only a speech she could give as the first

blackk first lady it was -- because, almost like as i mentioned with barbara bush. i think stronger in michelle almost as if she is. chiding them. somewhat,in her audience. don't make this -- don't -- wes cannot equate a black child with a black to acting white. we have to throw that out, we have to you know move forward. and i don't think that a white first lady could have delivered those remarks in this way. you know, i think she recognized her audience, and adapted to it accordingly in a powerful way. >> i think it an interesting speech in that you know, i understand, and saying about chiding audience. but i think she was chiding the broader audience not the

specific audience, she says, to reject the idea that a black kid with a book is trying to act white, she was not talking about the audience that just graduated from college, giving them a sense of empowerment, you have a space in this world, you have donee something that is important and good. in a chiding choice she says, don't listen to the critiques what you have done it you are being an example of excellence. i think a this speech is interesting and i was reading through some of the youtube responsed to the speech, and one thing that i thought of the was fun and speaks to idea of michelle obama being one who was able to give this speech, was that the part we saw clip we saw. starts 11 34 mark, people

commented to that mark that is where it really got real. and i think that oneha thing that t michelle obama of very and is very good. >> at saying what she feels in a way that lets every feel what she feels, that was shown in this particular speech. frustration and hope and you know reassure an for the specific audience. members of that audience had been accused.

one of the other common stories she told in her commencement address to a jackson state or a to a high school,er was her own story. of telling her she are not good enough to get to princeton. and you know. she really makes a point of that, don't let anyone do that to you. that is a common message. she is, certainly doesn't mince words or shy away from controversy and i agree, she did it very effectively. we don't have questions yet. blair questions @g mail got comment i guess before we --

inin general, one other thing that was interesting about michelle obama. she done rely on traditional media to getit her story out. she used nancy reagan started it on different strokes, in a cameo, she did cameos with her joining forcing on nashville. she was on "sesame street." she -- she a wonderful video of her sending out first tweet by first lady, twitter, instagram. any reaction to fact she sidestepped and was able to tell her story, create her narrative.

>> i have found that interesting you bring that up. relationship with her two press secretaries or director of communication and two different terms, and earlyen on in the first term, one of her -- press secretary at the time, really wanted her to do those d kinds of things like nancy reagan. she wanted her to -- one thing she wanted hillary to do was go -- i think it was on -- tool time, i think that was name of it tool time with tim taylor, a very popular sitcom at the time. she really -- there was a fascinating document in clinton library. you can see the whole media

strategy for using popular coulter at the time. there wasn't instagram or facebook or twitter at the time when hillary was first lady. but, idea of going around mainstreame media to create's more like able imagine is something that both presidents and first lady have done. >> a question. danny asked are living first ladies afforded appropriate coverage by the media. >> it depends on first lady. some first ladies want -- go back too their private lives. they choose how they enact it, women have been in this

position so far had it hoisted on them. some of them don't necessariliment to be in the limelight in same way. some will take time away. want cameras in your face all of the time. ' brace attention they are able to garner, and use it for a lot of different kinds of defendants and events and to draw attention to issues, michelle obama for example, actually -- i -- wrote about this for a book chapter, she gained more attention during melania trump's time as first lady than melania trump did. she does not have problems gaining attention after leaving the white house, some might argue that mel an melania trump did not receive enough attention.

>> i think. it is interesting today, that in terms of formal filming coverage of her lady is not the same. white house communication agent. does not cover dpirs ladies speeches. a lot of us when we're -- looking for something. wore wondering why isn't official record of this, you are picking it up from news media or -- instead of from the official. and i think that is interesting. that overtime, there seems have had very powerful affect, the panel has pointed out. and it would be nice to have a more formal process of what was covered.

and sort of like. the papers of president of first ladies, no real easy way of getting to the speeches. >> or lack of. >> i amea thinking we have another possible program, how first ladies have used media. you think about -- do these informal. and she a would make comments. >> they were not formal speeches but they were photo ops. and then henry hoover who gave first radio address by first lady and elsinore roosevelt. another program out there. we have -- about 4 minutes, anita. didav have a comment. laura bush's chief of staff,

second term. she said it was actually george bush's suggest the that laura bush give address on afghan women. we have something from bonnie, talk about michelle obama speech in new hampshire. in response to the hollywood access tape. >> when they go low we go high speech. >> i think -- i had a opportunity to watch this speech at a communication and gender conference. and everyone was talking about it. we didn't watch it live we watched it later on, a group of us watched in hotel ballroom. and it was great. we had a free-for-all.

and i think that is when people started to talk about michelle obama running for presidency. you may remember that. that speech was something only i think that michelle could have given at that time. >> michelle obama during the 2008 campaign. the way she was used was to talk to black groups. she was the main person who taughted on african-americans and and he covered more white, mainstream groups they really used her for specifics in that campaign. >> we have about two minutes. anyone have any last

thoughts about these speeches? >> okay. i just want to make three quick points. i interviewed mrs. barbara bush. and i asked her if she considered not going to wellesly because of the controversy shoork said, no. absolutely not. if it never went through my mind, i was nervous, but no. never. same speech was also given at the university of pennsylvania. during theirir o commence am. but there was not that level of interest at that point. that was second i had a teaching colleague who was in audience in beijing. when hillary clinton gave the speech. of that speech was moved. the day of the speech so that

the news media couldn't cover it. and she recalled seeing news media being shunted away from even this secondary location. my third point too is because of my my work on betty ford betty ford also ends up saying some things that her husband could have never said. yeah, and i think she's a good example, too, but i i enjoyed all of your comments. i i think there are spot on and i i would welcome certainly a panel on the first lady and her press coverage media coverage myra. can i just ask who decided to move hillary's location and beijing, um, according to my colleague. it was an official decision by some level of permanent bureaucrat. um, this colleague of mine said

there was absolutely. no mention of mrs. clinton's speech in the next day's coverage of convention in china nothing. okay, so it was official it. so i chinese officials not america. i need officials, right? yeah. well we've reached the 5:30 point and we promise to let you out in an hour. but thank you again to everybody who's joined us. this will be on our youtube channel. so if you go to youtube and just type in first ladies association for research and education or flair, you should be able to find us but it's easier to find us by going to our website and that website is flair hyphen net. dot org? so it's f l a r e hyphen n e t dot org and in the lower right hand corner. we have a youtube icon and if you click on that it will take you in. all of our programs will be on

there. so and and you can also find out a lot about what we're doing with flair. there's a lot of educational material on there a lot of very interesting information and we also hope you might consider becoming a member. so thank you to tammy and anne nancy for pulling the speeches together myra for leading us and good night everybody.