from oxford and studied over 3,000 contributors to the dictionary. her introduction i was thrilled to discover not one, but three murders, pornographic collector, karl marx's daughter. the inventor of the tennis net adjusters a pair of lesbian writers who wrote under a pen name and a cocaine addict found dead in a railway station lavatory. >> book notes plus on the c-span mobile app or wherever you get your podcasts. >> c-span is your unfiltered view of government who are funded by these television companies and more, including cox. >> the syndrome is extremely rare.

>> hi. >> but friends don't have to be. >> this is joe. >> when you're connected you're not alone. cox supports c-span as a public service along with these other television providers, giving you a front row seat to democracy. >> the u.s. senate will be travelling in to consider more of president biden judicial and executive nominations, two votes planned at 11:30 even this morning and this afternoon at 2:15 eastern. now live to the senate floor here on c-span2.

the presiding officer: the senate will come to order. the chaplain will lead the senate in a prayer. the chaplain: let us pray. o lord, our god and provider, we thank you for the many blessings we enjoy as citizens of this great nation. may we be good stewards of your gifts.

lord, as we reflect on the futue we pray that your sovereign presence will protect our nation and world from evil. equip us to do what is right and just and good. we pray for our senators today, asking that you would keep them courageous and focused on your plans to guide and prosper us. we're grateful that you are here on capitol hill, listening, watching, and judging. may all of our elected leaders o what is right for your everlasting glory.

we pray in your loving name. amen. the presiding officer: please join me in reciting the pledge f allegiance to our flag. i pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states of america, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. the presiding officer: the clerk will read a communication to the senate. the clerk: washington, d.c., november 28, 2023. to the senate: under the provisions of rule 1, paragraph 3, of the standing

rules of the senate, i hereby appoint the honorable michael bennet. a senator from the state of colorado, to perform te duties of the chair. signed: patty murray, president pro tempore. the presiding officer: under the previous order, the leadership time is reserved. morning business is closed. under the previous order, the senate will proceed to executive session to resume consideration of the following nomination, which the clerk will report. the clerk: nomination, the judiciary. jeffrey m. bryan of minnesota to be united states district judge for the district of minnesota.

political road had on capitol hill. let's start on the political side and this headline the leaked story, lead stories go to roll call.com george santos will santos go on? how to answer that question ranking member the answer is and will go on at least for the short term we don't know how much longer it will extend in congress but it seems like he will be with us one way or another for a while just consider he was parodied on saturday night live recently. he is now part of the cultural fabric of our lives not just a political lives but the most immediate issue is whether he will be expelled from the house this week. the house ethics committee chairman michael guest a republican for mississippi has filed a motion to expel santos. he has survived two other expelling votes to expel him in

this congress. he's only been here since january and this will be the third time period he survived those. some evil, democrats as a fiddle feel comfortable with the lack of due process, republicans also. some people say that's cynical attempt to keep santos in the headlines. but it seems like this recent ethics committee report that came out before the break,, thanksgiving break, was very damning and enough for people in detail them spending money at ferragamo and that casinos and for botox, just little tidbits that are just amazing. it really isn't a good read, if you're so inclined. you can go to the ethics committee website to read it. some of that even gets into his staff begged him to go seeking therapy. that they thought he had made line such a part of his daily

life that they needed him to get help. this drama is probably, this isn't the end of it regardless of what happens for him but it seems like this week things might come to head which brings into question all kinds of things about republicans have a small margin in the house. if they are -1 with the makes it more difficult to pass appropriation bills and defense authorization, call for support and all the other things thank you, mr. chairman this seat, one that would be competitive democrats could pick up if he is expelled mr. chairman, this is long island and parts of queens, democrat most recently he won the seat in 2022. he tried in 2020 and one cups are you tried in 2020 and lost to the incumbent who then ran for governor and he did make it out of the primary. he said he's going to run regardless. he will run in a special

election if there's a special election that happened because the seat as they can if is expelled always running in the general. >> host: with such tight margins and announced the senate as well every state important. we have seen a lot of people heading to the exits recently, announcements in the past couple of days. take us through the latest and what it means for that map in the house. >> guest: again, every one of these seats seems to be, to set up another planning scenario for how long will we have this person? so many resignations we saw recently, one democrat, one republican for relatively safe seats. the democrat brian higgins in the buffalo area, democrat he said he's living in february to take a job back closer to home at the performing arts center. that will likely be a democratic seat in the future but who knows how long this seed will be vacant? l johnson is a conservative republican from ohio. he said he will take the job as president of youngstown state in

ohio. he needs to take the job before march, sometimes in march. he hasn't set exactly when he is leaving. that would be likely a republican who will replace him but again when to take one out and take one person and you see the margins from which some of these boats happened, it's got to drive a plan or crazy is it an unusual number of people are leaving congress this cycle? we used to call it the casualty list. the back page but people are retiring, running for higher office, all that i referred to as the casualty list. is the casualty list and usually high in the 118th congress? >> guest: if the word to stay relatively static, this would be a little bit higher than average. usually about 30 people or so move on. right now we're pushing 36, 37. and it's for variety of reasons. it does seem that it's starting to pick up pace with the number

of people, among the other people who have left recently, certainly living tony cárdenas a democrat from california. chris stewart who is a republican from utah, he left in september. this special election was just failed to his seat, celeste malloy won that seat in utah shall be sworn in today bringing the house up to 4351st time in a long time period it's a lot a mix and match but it seems like the last month or so it offiy picked up the pace, and the texas filing deadline is sin that's such a big delegation that if people -- >> host: that forces decision whether you run or not. >> guest: right. that might push it up, into an area where we feel a lot more normally come in obesity treatment from the legislative side, the latest on the emergency aid packages for israel, for ukraine.

precious few legislative days left in this calendar year. what are we expecting to see today and the next few weeks? >> guest: we're going to see people talking about the fact they're going to be talking. there won't be, were not expecting any sort of substantive thing on either floor of either chamber this week when it comes to a ukraine security package. there is a lot of momentum at least among the congressional leaders. yesterday mike johnson said of course we need to get money to ukraine. we can't afford to vladimir putin arching across europe. that's a more aggressive sort of thing that the people were looking for some people who support ukraine. he also said they need to be coupled with the border security package which is one of those things that we have booked it in washington for a long time, john. they've always been taught but emigration and immigration

reform. that's always a fraught topic to try to attach to something that is considered must have. i think we're going to see a lot of people talking about to be couple ukraine, israeli aid into taiwan as well and border security? and can we get that out the door before december 14 14th whene house wants to leave. >> host: chuck schumer yesterday on the senate floor on this debate criticizing republicans onboard security in this larger aid package. >> the worst thing we can do right now, the worst thing we can do, , is to make something s bipartisan as ukraine aid conditional on partisan issues that have little chance of becoming law. sadly, that's what may be well happening right now, because the biggest holdup to national security, to the national security supplement and insistence by some republicans, just some, on partisan border

policy as a condition for ukraine aid. this has injected a decades old hyper partisan issue into overwhelmingly bipartisan priorities. now, democrats stand ready to work on common sense solutions to address immigration, but purely partisan hard right demands like those in h.r. two jeopardize the entire national security supplemental package. and the urge my colleagues as a think about that to remember what president zelensky told us when he spoke in the old senate chamber. he said, if we don't get the aid, we will lose the war. let me repeat that. zelensky said if we don't get the aid, we will lose the war. that's what's at stake with ukraine aid. the possibility of victory or defeat for the ukrainian people, and ultimately our western way of life. and let's be clear, a victorious putin would be an emboldened putin. if ukraine falls, putin will keep going.

russia's authoritarian influence will expand. other autocracies may feel emboldened and democracy around the world could enter decline. >> host: chuck schumer on the floor of the senate yesterday. as this debate saturday on capitol hill what role as a white house plink him how much pressure can and are the applying to what's happening here on the other end of pennsylvania avenue? >> guest: it seems like the message is a little muddled. the white is obvious he wants to get a ukraine supplemental package out the door as soon as possible with sort of as much flexibility as possible, hopefully coupled with israeli and aid to gaza for humanitarian purposes. it just seems like they are not escalating. yesterday the president when he was announcing his supply chain council and his executive orders to streamline the supply chain, he made some comments about it, but he hasn't been fully aggressive.

obviously he has his legislative liaison folks up on the hill but there's one so much pushing you can do in these. it's sort of like sometimes when you are hurting, you know, a lot of stray compass that even stray cats. it still the cattle stage. you can only do so much to push people in one direction. they are just getting back. it is a relatively slow start even though it seems like we are running out of days before the end of the year. the house issues coming back today. the came back last night. they are not any future to get something on the floor, and also the president is occupied. is going down to atlanta today for the memorial services for rosalynn carter. i'm sure that that was to occupy most of his time and most of the messaging, too. they want to look like they're going partisan and pushing for

war aid during a few. >> host: should note that that service that's taken place today as part of three days of tribute to the former first lady. we are going be airing it on c-span, also on c-span.org and the free c-span now app. one p.m. eastern today you can see that she did service in atlanta at the glint memorial united methodist church. we're talking this morning with jason dick, editor in chief of roll call, a person if questions if you have questioned the legislation of the politics and capital. phone lines are open for you to call in. as usual split a political party. democrats 202-748-8000. republicans 202-748-8001. independence 202-748-8002. as folks are calling in, past the aid package, what else is on congresses to-do list in the next couple weeks before the calendar year ends? >> guest: we did catch a bit of a break the creation of this mass rush at the end of the year on appropriations.

government funding deadlines have been pushed into january and february, so there won't be that, but the always like to do the big pentagon policy bill, national defense authorization act. they are going to conference it looks like and it looks like they're sort of a bipartisan, bicameral move to get that done before the end of the year. the faa could be reauthorized as well, especially in light of recent report about near misses at airports. if you've been traveling the last couple of months or couple of days, you know there could be some improvements possibly in the way that we get people through airports. >> host: biggest traveling history. >> guest: yes, 2.9 million people million people screened by tsa. that's more of a homeland security angle but the faa, their stuff about pilot training, modernizing air traffic control and so forth that needs to be done. particularly for the country as

on the move as we are. there's also a bunch of things people don't think about that are equally important. medicare is scheduled to cut pay of doctors who take medicare. usually congress, they have set off in one way or another that they had that off. it may hitch a ride with the defense policy bill. there's a bunch of tax provisions that always like to get done before the end of the year. >> host: these are the extenders, another year of tax breaks for research and development. >> guest: these are things, this is what a lot of lobbyists spent a great deal of the time on, and what makes a lot of corporations make decisions going into the next year about what they're going to spend money on and so forth. o equip aa and our allies to face an historic array of national security challenges.

to understand the urgency of this moment, just look at the impossible choices facing our ally israel as it works to bring innocent people home from terrorist captivity. these brutal terrorists bankroll their existence with the blood of innocent people. they know that their hostages can be cashed in for a brief reprieve from justice, or in exchange for terrorists incarcerated in israel. the humanitarian crisis in gaza is one of hamas' own design. just as there is no moral equivalence between terrorism and self-defense, there's no moral equivalence between

innocent hostages and convicted terrorists and criminals. unfortunately, this is not just a reminder for the activists on elite campuses and in national newsrooms who have uncritically lapped up and regurgitated activist propaganda. it's also, for some of our colleagues here in congress, a according to some reports senate democrats will use their caucus lunch today to discuss placing restrictions on u.s. military assistance to israel. one ever our colleagues is already on the record demanding that president biden, quote, be more aggressive with the israelis. another has declared that, quote, not one penny will be coming to israel unless our ally

bends to his view, offered from the comfort of a senate office on how israel should conduct self-defense operations. if senate democrats want to vote to tie the hands of israeli soldiers as they defend their country against vicious terrorists, i welcome such a debate. for anyone who needs to hear it again, the conflict unfolding today is between a sovereign democracy that takes great pains to avoid civilian casualties and terrorist butchers who go out of their way to inflict civilian casualties and put their own civilians in harm's way. israel deserves the time, the space, and the resources to

restore its security, and i will stand by our ally 100%. for that matter, our own people, american men and women in uniform, deserve the same unwavering commitment to restoring credible deterrence against iran. since october 17, iran-backed terrorists have launched at least 73 attacks against u.s. personnel in iraq and syria. clearly president biden's strikes against desert warehouses have not given our adversaries pause. the world's leading state sponsor of terrorism remains demonstrably undeterred. right now we have a responsibility to equip israel to destroy hamas, deter violence against american servicemembers,

and invest seriously in american hard power, a language our adversaries in tehran and moscow and beijing actually understand. supplemental national security legislation is our chance to uphold this responsibility. on another matter. as my colleagues on this side of the aisle have made abundantly clear, national security begins with border security, and any serious supplemental legislation with a shot of passing the senate in the coming weeks will have to take meaningful steps towards fixing the biden administration's border crisis. on president biden's watch, recordsetting illegal migration has strained border protection facilities and personnel to their breaking point.

on this president's watch, catch and release has gone from a short-sighted policy option to a dangerous first resort for asylum and -- broken asylum and parole system. right now, immigration courts are facing over two million pending asylum cases. that backlog has given -- it's grown by 50% just since president biden took office. the average asylum case waits more than four years for judgment. talk about sending the wrong signal to legitimate asylum seekers and to bad actors alike. a wide bipartisan consensus continues to acknowledge that this is a broken system is the central problem driving the border crisis.

even the administration's border czar, secretary mayorkas, has acknowledged the way that the united states handles asylum claims needs to be, quote, reformed from top to bottom. well, mr. president, that's exactly what senate republicans have been working on for weeks. senators lankford, graham, cotton, and -- are trying to help dhs solve its problem by identifying policy changes that restore a measure of common sense to the way we process asylum claims and grant parole. but at the same time, the democratic leader has called border security measures the biggest holdup for passing a national security supplemental. well, he's right about one thing. the single largest obstacle in the way of urgent resources to help israel, ukraine, and taiwan

is democrats' refusal to address the crisis at the southern border. national security begins right here at home. and the senior -- and the sooner our colleagues admit it, the sooner the senate can move forward on the urgent business before us. i notice the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the clerk: ms. baldwin.

relatively weak, like front runners as they're both immensely unpopular with the public. both men are underwater. that doesn't mean the polls in a condition one thing or another, but the battleground polls that you were talking about, that nathan talks about, donald trump has been looking very good in places like michigan and pennsylvania and arizona in georgia, the states that will decide the election. nations point is that is overlooking the tremendous legal jeopardy that former president finds himself in in cases in washington, in new york and miami. so judges say like we have these

other people, relatively strong fields like nikki haley, ron desantis, these are former governors, current governor, former u.n. ambassador. people of resumes. they are ready to make their case. chris christie another former governor. they are ready to make the case and no one seems to be listening because it's like trump is beating my in georgia so let's walk on by like nothing to see her. on the democratic side, democrats did do very well in the off year elections at the did very well in 2022. 2022. they lost the house but we were talked about red tsunamis and so forth. that didn't happen. it's reflected in how tight the margins are in the house and senate, how divided the country is. when you have someone like biden, biden is not a great retail come he might be a good retail guy but his first campaign or it's hard to see

them firing people up in the same way maybe people when you see somebody like trump's crowds were so forth for enthusiasm. biden is got a series of legislative accomplishments that he can run on. inflation is down. job market is pretty good. nations point is this overlooks that the guys been unpopular for months. sort of the numbers at a certain point get bank in any of the people are raising the head, phillips is a vocal casualty list. he's a democrat for minnesota, house member who decides he's going to raise his hand. but right now the president is full in on reelection at least at this point and it seems like for people who don't see other options, this slow-moving movie where they just don't know how to stop the momentum for either one. >> host: much more from nathan gonzalez, a columnist at roll

call but also the editor of inside elections come inside elections that. viewers are familiar with his work. back to phone calls for jason dick. talking about the politics, the policy, the week ahead in the month ahead on capitol hill. this is richard in a guest a georgia democrat morning. >> caller: good morning. i was online to get in yesterday with a phone call drop. what am going to say is if congress stops taking all these vacation days off like the whole month of august, they could get agenda done. and besides, the statistical numbers show that president biden, he has done very well with his bipartisan agenda along with the republicans in the senate and the democrats in the senate. it's the guys in the house that are being foolish and then went to stop listening to that rhetoric that former president trump is saying because he's

telling as he wants to be an autocrat. get the agenda done by staying at work and get the job done and not take off a whole month of august like they did because when i worked in a chemical plant i worked as much overtime as i could to make sure the plant kept running effectively, efficiently. these guys, congress takes too much time off. >> host: thanks for the call from augustine judges -- augustine, georgia. i chewed up a tweet from just a few minutes ago say i can't believe congress has been a vacation for two weeks and already playing another vacation. how many weeks are the off in december? congress and vacation. >> guest: yes, and it is a little bit of a misnomer to call it a vacation because when members are in their districts it's, i think it's easy to say like, i don't get to like work in two places at once. it's easy to see this is a vacation.

the reason they call it a district court period, debate about how much work is being done. and again i realize how tenuous that can be, how outside of the gnu can be to defend congress. i am not defending congress can't believe me. i've seen the numbers, too. 30% approval rating the late john mccain said that's just friends and family at that point. members of congress, when they go home to the districts they go home to the states. they are interacting with people, the mayors, the government officials in their districts and their states to get things done. they are meeting with constituents on a regular basis so it's not just a vacation. that being said, particularly election years, attendance is not great at the capital. there are a lot of primaries, people go home and they're running for elections and the need to be back in the district

at least for some time for that. and but as the call in georgia said, like they're gone for a month that. that is tough to defend when there's so many things are trying to do. >> host: and then some members were complaining that some of the tension we so right before the thanksgiving break, shoving in the hallway or elbows in the hallway and calls to fight in a senate hearing may have been due to members think around each other for too long, that they spent too many weeks here together and that was some of what had built up. what do you take from that? >> guest: i have some sympathy because like that was a traumatic ten weeks or anybody was covering congress or in congress to go through all these speaker elections, to see this sort of older up the hill and will back down and roll back up.

and it was tense, but i have to say that when they say ten straight weeks in session, what they're really talk about is to resolve the workdays in the middle of the week and then they go home at the end of the week and the come back the beginning of the next week. it's not like they are here locked in in a room or so fo. that would probably be bad for everybody involved. but i can't help but think if members of congress were actually in town for sizable chunks of these work. it's here, i keep all week and the weekend for two or three weeks at a time, that may have more like positive effects in terms of getting people to know each other, eating their work done than if they're in session for ten weeks in a row but really they are like back and forth back and forth back and forth. for some of these folks especially if they're across the country that is a long haul. one of the members who us

decided to retire, a democrat from washington, he talked about those long trips back to washington, it's a long flight, five, six hours from d.c. and making it every week, seems like a drag. that historically is to change the way things used to be where i think a republican from texas used to say when he was elected in the '80s to get a train ticket to a train ticket back, like that was it. it's a little different now. we offer a more mobile country but maybe if they are here for solid few weeks at a time it might get a little more done and, you know, before going onto the next recessed. >> host: on allow, alex, democrat. you are on with jason dick. >> caller: good morning. what you are saying about the congress people staying in washington for the whole week, or even a weekend, i think that's a great idea. you would talk about george

santos before, and now that he's got his name all over the country, whether it's good or bad, publicity, he had a great teacher apparently with all of his allies. i'm wondering after he gets out of congress if he's going to run for president. donald trump lied his way into being the president, so why shouldn't he? anyway, that isn't necessarily a joke. funny of things have happened. look what happened four years ago -- features ago. that's enough. >> guest: so in a scenario where santos is expelled from congress, sick this week or next week or in the short-term, he still is in a lot of trouble. he still faces 23 federal counts against him, federal prosecutors are kind of combing through his financial disclosures and his history. he will be, he will be under a

lot of scrutiny for a while and potentially faces prison time, depending on what happens in court within. he will be busy with them regardless how long is in congress. if you were to survive his alternative might spend a lot of that term in courthouses also. so expelling may be the easiest thing that he faces in the coming months. >> host: youngstown, ohio, lori independent. you are on with jason dick. >> caller: good morning, gentlemen. how are you doing? there is no defense of congress. they are the epitome of everything that is wrong with this country. they only work, and if you can call it work, approximately 120 days. and i am being very, very generous in there. anyway, as soon as anybody goes into congress, i don't care whether you are a senator or you are a representative, you have

turned to the dark side. these people are making almost $200,000 a year to do absolutely nothing for the american people. and as far as the wars go, i don't support any of it. i don't have any say, and it doesn't matter who you vote for because the pentagon and the war mongers are going to continue. so there is no defense, , mr. dick, with congress ever. there's not a one that deserves any respect because they have no integrity. you folks have a great day and have a nice holiday. >> host: jason dick, on that view of congress. >> guest: i feel the need to reiterate that. i'm not defending congress. i'm just trying to explain sort of what i see. but i think her frustration is not rare, and also just that's a

call from youngstown. good luck to bill johnson, a member of congress who is going to transition and become the president of youngstown university. i mean, it remains to be seen like how he will be greeted by the student body. certainly, the trustees believe in him and want to see them. it's understandable why somebody like him would want to go back, if he wants to be a part of the community. it's a lot easier to see how you can do good back home sometimes depend on where you're at. you also make a lot of money, a lot more money than as a member of congress, upwards of $400,000 to take the post at youngstown. this is what every member of congress probably have to face is that, very few people i think get into public service wanting to be hated. that is kind of where we are at. and again this is not a defense of congress and how they behave,

but i think a lot of people come to congress and the come to public service in whatever capacity, whether its advisory neighborhood commissioner or at yes, senator, wanted to do something good for the people around them, for the community, for the country. and then reality hits and we're in a rough patch right now. quite honestly, the country in the world are in a relatively unstable time period that's a real challenge and that's got to be weighing on any person who seeks reelection, who contemplates retirement. back to the people who are retiring, it's a mix. there's some people, there's a freshman on that list, victoria sparked a very early onset i think i'm done you i don't need any more of this. there's people like rope luminal and and and shoot and michael burgess have been in congress for decades and there at a point in the life with delight, i've done what i set out to do and i'm getting a little tired and they don't want to spend some time that come with the grandkids, and maybe go, like

i've done my part. i think everyone of them, when you feel like you're doing a good thing, you feel like you're making an impact, it's a lot easier to say i think i'm going to keep doing this. i think a lot of people are frustrated not just with congress but in congress with the pace of things. >> host: a tweet in defense of this report. this is politically homeless, by u.s. representative as constituents of the need to be dealt with. if they stay in d.c. how will they know what voters want? legislative sessions are part of a congress does. devon in a couple minutes we, philadelphia, pennsylvania, republican. ranks are waiting. >> caller: good morning. i wanted to say, i was watching the program earlier, you know, congress talks about in the media talks about we help other

nations. it's interesting that our country with so much poverty and people struggling, but when you travel internationally, go to dubai and china and south africa, these countries are thriving. and also look at countries where we get billions and billions of dollars to such as ukraine in israel. but the majority of people are so when i was there in my travels, they have money. so how come we are continuing to help nations that are already thriving, or the people are thriving, yet our people here are struggling and suffering? and then when i go to washington to see the different members, everybody is partying. the house and senate members. so, i mean, when does the normal people, regular people get their chance? >> host: before you go is it any sort of foreign aid that you think is worthwhile? >> caller: well, i believe we

should help anyone in need but how come we're forgetting our own you need? has on-site. >> host: the other question you say would you come to see washington to his enemies, how often do you come to washington to see dakota. mr. thune: mr. president, i ask unanimous consent the quorum call be lifted. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. thune: artificial intelligence or what's referred to as a.i. has been with us for quite some time with us. whether it's the chatbot providing help on amazon or personalized recommendation on netflix or the algorithms cure rating social media feeds these days most people interact with artificial intelligence on a daily basis but as the release of chat gpt to the public last year demonstrated artificial intelligence is about to take a giant step forward. the a.i. applications like chatbot and personalized

recommendations are examples of so-called narrow a.i. which is a.i. trained to perform specific tasks. but chat gpt is an example of the next generation of a.i., artificial intelligence systems set up to imitate the human brain and propose dues original content based on the assimilation of vast sets of data. now, mr. president, this next generation of a.i., so-called foundation models, which underpin systems like chat gpt offers tremendous possibilities. advances in medicine and farming and manufacturing. the automation of routine tasks. new ways to manage infrastructure. better and more resilient supply chains. advances in national defense. and the list literally goes on and on. but as with any sophisticated technology, this next generation of a.i. presents risks as well. and those risks are heightened

by the enormous capabilities of a.i. and the potential for this technology to pervade every corner of our society. and our goal needs to be encouraging the promise of a.i. while putting safeguards in place to minimize potential dangers. the light touch approach the united states has taken to regulation is a good model to follow as we approach a.i. regulation. the growth of innovation in the united states is in large part a result of the fact the government has not weighed down this sector of the economy with heavy-handed regulation and we should maintain a similar touch when it comes to a.i. to keep the united states at the forefront of the next generation of artificial intelligence. leadership in a.i. will benefit our economy and there are also serious security reasons why staying at the forefront of the a.i. revolution is important. there's no question that a.i.

will come to play an important role in national defense, and failing -- following behind, i should say, adversaries like the chinese communist party could put our country at a serious disadvantage when it comes to our national security. so we need to start establishing some basic rules of the road that will allow a.i. innovation to flourish while minimizing dangers it presents. the race to regulate a.i. has started. president biden released a sweeping executive order that empowers multiple government agencies and departments to regulate all a.i. systems, and even the algorithms that regulate our next movie on netflix or remind us we need to order more paper towels. internationally the european union continued to press forward with a heavy-handed regulatory regime. it's time for congress to ensure that innovation in the united

states continues. regulating a.i. by executive order is not the way to go about things. even if the president's executive order on a.i. weren't overly broad and heavy-handed, executive orders are by their very nature not permanent since they have the potential to be reversed or amended at any time. and they stand a good chance of being reversed or amended when a new administration comes into office. this creates unsrnt for companies which can stunt expansion and innovation. the right way to approach a.i. regulation is to pursue a bipartisan nationwide approach in congress that will protect innovation while putting in place the necessary safeguards for the riskiest applications of this technology. to that end shortly before thanksgiving i introduced bipartisan a.i. legislation with senator klobuchar and several of our commerce committee colleagues from both parties. our bill is intended to establish some basic rules of

the road for artificial intelligence while protecting the ability of companies to innovate and advance this technology. our bill focuses on two things -- transparency for consumers and a tiered risk-based framework for oversight of the highest impact applications of a.i. on the transparency front, our bill would require any large-scale internet platform that uses generative a.i. to create content to clearly inform consumers of that fact. one of the risks presented by generative a.i. is the difficulty of distinguishing a.i. produced content from human produced content. that may not be a huge issue if the content we're talking about is an amusing meme but it's a real issue if a consumer is trying to figure out whether information or an image is real or whether it's been generated by a.i. so requiring transparency about whether content is being

produced or at least partially produced by generative a.i. needs to be a priority. the second part of our bill deals with high impact and critical impact a.i. that is a.i. applications used to make significant decisions in particularly high risk sectors. our bill establishes a two tiered systems for overseeing these applications. critical impact a.i. applications, for example, like those used to make significant decisions in the operation of critical infrastructure would be required to self-certify compliance with testing, evaluation, validation, and verification standards. what does all that mean? high impact a.i. applications will be subject solely to transparency reporting requirements. importantly, this part of the bill is carefully tailored to apply only to a.i. applications making complex decisions in high-risk sectors and is meant to respond directly and narrowly to the recent leap in capabilities of foundation

models that power them. mr. president, i believe that the bill senator klobuchar and i have introduced is the right first step when it comes to a.i. technology. unlike the white house's executive order our bill doesn't instantly assume that our artificial technology, i should say artificial intelligence technology is bad and that it should be subject to heavy-handed government intervention. nowhere does our legislation rush us into regulations before we have a clear idea of what aspects of this technology need to be regulated and in what way. instead our bill puts in place guardrails to mitigate the dangers posed by the highest impact a.i. applications while leaving american innovators and entrepreneurs free to move forward with innovation. i'm grateful to senator klobuchar and our other cosponsors for working with me on this bill and we will continue to welcome ideas to

further improve our legislation. legislation on this issue of this magnitude calls for the deliberation of the committee process and regular order consideration. i will work to ensure that we take it up in the commerce committee in the coming months. this bill, mr. president, will not probably be the last bill that congress needs to consider when it comes to a.i., but i believe it is the right place for us to begin. and i look forward to working with colleagues from both parties to get this bill through congress and across the finish line. mr. president, i yield the floor and i suggest the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call:

the clerk: ms. baldwin.

the stark array of national security challenges. understand the urgency of this moment, for could be impossible choices facing our i israel as it works to bring innocent people home from paris

captivity, the resistance with the blood of innocent people, for no cost just can be cashed in for a brief reprieve justice or incarcerated in israel, "humanitarian crisis" in gaza is one of hamas' own design. the moral equivalence between terrorism and self-defense is no provision between innocent and convicted terrorists. unfortunately it is a reminder of activists campuses and

national newsrooms who have uncritically accepted regurgitated activist propaganda. it's also in congress according to some reports we as americans today. g officer: without objection. mr. moran: mr. president, thank you for the opportunity to address my colleagues here on the senate floor today. i come here with a smile on my face because the individuals i want to recognize today are friends and they are wonderful people who have made a difference in the lives of many of their fellow citizens back home in kansas. i want to recognize a lifelong kansan who has served her family, her community, and her state. peggy dunn has been serving the city of leawood as mayor since

1997 -- and cultivated a beautiful and flourishing community. in january, mayor dunn's least term -- last term will come to an ends. her dedication will not be forgotten and she will be greatly missed. peggy j. dunn was born in greater kansas city and has been serving the city of leawood 34 years. prior to being mayor, she was a city councilmember four years until being sworn in as mayor in 1997. mayor dunn played a critical role in the growth of leawood and during her years in office, many, many notable developments have been made. shopping centers such as park place and town center, mission farms and prairie fire have brought immense expansion and success to the area. buildings like the united methodist church of the resurrection reveal the architectural beauties of the city. these developments were deliberately planned and came to fruition with the guidance from

mayor dunn. mayor dunn has dedicated her life to creating a lasting community by forming relationships with leawood's business leaders, volunteer objections, religious communities, and residents working together for the city's success. i've seen her meet people and i know when i meet her every time there's a conversation, you know she cares but, she listens, and she cares that way for the people of her city and the people of the state of kansas. through mayor dunn's work, new fire stations, police headquarters and courts protect the community. beautiful parks, golf courses and recreational centers provide opportunities for residents and visitors alike to enjoy what the city has to offer. mayor dunn is a servant leader, she's an innovator, and she is totally dedicated to her community. leawood, the city, has close relationships with sister sisties. in 2003, mayor done and mayor

peter weiss of the guiser region in israel signed a resolution to become sister cities. since then, she's hosted del dwaitions from a-- delegations from abroad and traveled to israel multiple times. leawood dedicated the island park to a city in taiwan. it is an open place space and piece of art called cloud gate. though mayor dunn's leadership -- through her leadership, leawood has a very bright future ahead. mayor dunn's family played a key role in her success as a leader. she has four children with her husband terry, and 14 grandchildren. needless to say, mayor dunn has plenty to keep her busy as she retires as mador. thank you to her family for -- as mayor. thank you to her family for supporting peggy during her tenure. i congratulate peggy on her retirement and wish her the very best in the future. thank you, mayor, for all you've

done for the city of leawood, its citizens and all you've done for the state of kansas. i ask unanimous consent that the following remarks appear in a separate place within the record. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. moran: mr. president, two decades, michael baim served as mayor of linexa, kansas. he will now retire in january, having served as the longest serving mayor in the city's history. mike has built his life and career in linexa. he's a lifetime residence and knows the ins and outs of his community. i've never met anyone who knows more about linexa than mike baim. he understands the unique importance of every business on main street, and the men and women who run those businesses. during his 20 years as may dwror, the -- mayor, the population of linexa grew by

nearly 20,000 residents. that's remarkable and a testament to the quality of the leadership. under his leadership, the relocation of city hall and new downtown city place. with new parks, shops, restaurants and plubl public spaces, linexa is attracting new families and young people who want to put roots down in kansas. mike also worked to open the linexa branch of the johnson county library system as well as bringing the disk aqua -- the district aquatic center to the city. disi have always, thought -- i have always appreciated our conversations with mike, whether he is visiting me here in washington, d.c. or when i am meeting with him in linexa. he is a true public servant and the city and state are better because of mike's service. i've enjoyed many times conversations on the phone and in person and with solid and good advice about what's in the

best interest of the people of linexa and johnson county and kansas. mike has been significantly helpful to me as we work to try to make sure good things happen in all places across our state. i congratulate mike on his retirement and look forward to seeing what this next chapter holds for him. mr. president, i yield the

facing our ally israel. looking to put people home in paris captivity these terrorists and resistance and blood of innocent people there hostages can be cashed in plano, for a brief reprieve from justice or

in exchange for paris incarcerated in israel, the "humanitarian crisis" in gaza is one of hamas own design. no moral equivalence between terrorism and self-defense, no moral equivalence between innocent hostages and convicted terrorists and criminals. unfortunately, this is not just a reminder of activists on a leave campus and newsrooms walked up and regurgitated it's also according to some reports

to discuss facing restrictions on military assistance to israel. one of our colleagues in the record demanding to be more aggressive with israelis. the one will be coming to israel and the comfort from the office on out israel should conduct self-defense operations. if senate democrats want to vote as they defend the country against terrorists, i will such a debate. for again, it is a sovereign democracy and takes great pains

to avoid civilian and put their own civilians in harm's way and the resources to restore its security. i will end up by our ally one 100%. for that matter, deserve the same unwavering commitment to restoring credible deterrence against. u.s. personnel in iraq and syria. president biden's strikes

against desert warehouses are not given adversaries. the world's leading state remains undeterred. we have a responsibility to look israel to destroy hamas, deter those against american service members and invest seriously in american, a language are adversaries actually understand. on the national security legislation, it is our chance to uphold this responsibility. my colleagues on this side of the aisle have made clear national security begins with border security and supplemental

legislation in the senate in the coming weeks will take meaningful steps toward the biden administration's border crisis. record-setting illegal migration strained for the production facilities and personnel to their breaking. as president watch, catch and release has gone from a short policy option to dangerous first resort for profoundly broken assignment and parole system. right now, immigration courts are facing over 2 million pending asylum cases. that backlog is grown by the present distance president biden took office. the average asylum case weighs more than four years for

judgment. talk about sending the wrong signal to legitimate asylum-seekers and benefactors like. white bipartisan consensus continues to acknowledge the broken system is the central problem driving in foreign persons. even the border czar secretary mayorkas doesn't acknowledge the way the asylum claims needs to be reformed. exactly what senate republicans have been working on, senator langford, graham, trying in good faith to help solve the problem identifying policy changes that restore a measure of common sense in a way the process asylum claims and grant parole

but at the same time, the democrat leader called for security measures the biggest about our national security supplemental. right about one thing, the obstacle in the way of urgent resources to help israel, ukraine and someone and democrats address the crisis at the southern border. national security begins here at home and the sooner the senate can move forward on urgent business.

a story from last month, the opioid crisis has gotten much worse despite congresses effort to stop it. what does that crisis look like in america today, what did the numbers tell us? >> the opioid overdose epidemic affects hundreds of thousands of people annually. however, it's about 108,000 people die every year from overdoses primarily driven by illegal fentanyl so it's an opioid gone to the united states and that is driving overdose

deaths in this country's businesslike is it getting worse? lying have we not been able to in this country? >> it's a supply. the supply is a lot more we can have substance abuse or witness, more people die from alcohol and alcohol use disorder in drugs is is not a problem got into overnight and it will not be overnight. we need to build out a full prevent treatment recovery system we don't currently have and it takes a while to serve as the initiative director at georgetown university o'neill institute should is a acting director policy, what has the biden administration is doing to build up efforts to combat?

>> i serve on the transition team between administrations in greece time identifying the top things so we get going, i started on the afternoon inauguration day and put out priorities that year, many of which were expanding for the first time in this country, having more services nationwide, a lot of people using opioids and thought they were using heroin were actually using illegally fentanyl. they helped them identify what was in there dark supply so they could safely or choose not to use and we have expanded access to treatment removing barriers to evidence-based treatment and continuing to do a lot about

work. >> we have talked about this issue before more colors will call in and say it's unable addiction, what do you think? >> as part of a continuing who want to prevent it from happening. we need to treat but they don't have a disorder there is a lot of evidence among programs that reduce hiv and in this issue. >> what does the support show enough to support a cause in 2018 before the election, it's a 600 page document, a lot of

authorized program, some have gotten money through appropriations act and access to medicare benefits to methadone which is one of the treatments for opioid use disorder, currently before congress and it reauthorized drug control policy where i served in the biden and obama administration and that is also up for reauthorization of congress is looking at that now and hopefully they will pass a,. >> this has had a lot of things, we can restore regular order and hearing go through the process they are not only authorized but

appropriations process that provides funding for prevention treatment. the. >> the continuing resolution for the funding denude in a couple of pieces and access to treatment pieces for juvenile the needs reauthorized do not will addiction for o'neill institute. if you have been impacted by

drug addiction, a special one for you and you have stories, 748-8002. go ahead and call in. for folks are familiar with the o'neill institute and addiction public policy. >> first of the o'neill institute we work with public health and long to advance policies for people in a number of areas, specifically focus on substance abuse disorder. make sure they protect, provides protection for people with substance use disorder and i directed each policy and practice program at georgetown university practical. the pacific plan program in the country and the purpose is to train people so they can hit the ground running and have

evidence-based policies at the state, federal and local level, our third year we have people working across the government and the private sector when they go, it time over 100,000 deaths annually, no crime for on-the-job training some people going in there prepared to admit evidence based. >> me on the state or federal? >> one is working drug control policy and others and now the state of maryland in treatment and recovery and they are keeping an ear out based on their training for what might be

around the corner, challenges we might face. nomination. is there a sufficient second? there appears to be. the clerk will call the roll. vote: the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. mr. booker. mr. boozman. mr. braun. mrs. britt. mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cardin. mr. carper. mr. casey. mr. cassidy. ms. collins. mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer. mr. crapo. mr. cruz. mr. daines. ms. duckworth. mr. durbin. ms. ernst. mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer.

mrs. gillibrand. mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan.

the clerk: mr. hawley. mr. heinrich.

the clerk: mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven. mrs. hyde-smith. mr. johnson. mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy. mr. king. ms. klobuchar.

mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan. ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez. mr. merkley. mr. moran.

mr. mullin. ms. murkowski. mr. murphy. mrs. murray. mr. ossoff. mr. padilla. mr. paul. mr. peters. mr. reed. mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney.

ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio. mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen. ms. sinema. ms. smith. ms. stabenow. mr. sullivan. mr. tester.

mr. thune. mr. tillis. mr. tuberville. mr. van hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young.

the clerk: senators voting in the affirmative -- cantwell, casey, hassan, kelli, lujan, padilla, peters, rosen, schatz. schumer, tester, warren, whitehouse. senators voting in the negative -- boozman, cassidy, cornyn,

crapo, daines, johnson, moran. ms. butler, aye. mr. marshall, no.

vote:

the clerk: mr. brown, aye.

the clerk: mr. kennedy, no.

mr. durbin, aye.

the clerk: mr. warner, aye. mr. wyden, aye.

the clerk: ms. klobuchar, aye.

the clerk: ms. stabenow, aye. the clerk: mr. young, no. mr. heinrich, aye.

the clerk: mrs. fischer, no. mr. hagerty, no.

the clerk: mr. thune, no. the clerk: mr. ricketts, no.

mr. rounds, no. the clerk: mr. fetterman, aye.

ms. baldwin, aye. mr. tuberville, though. -- mr. tuberville, no. ms. lummis, no. mr. cotton, no. mrs. gillibrand, aye. mr. mcconnell, no.

the clerk: mr. risch, no.

the clerk: mr. braun, no. mr. kaine, aye. ms. collins, aye. vote:

the clerk: mr. king, aye. mrs. murray, aye. mr. lee, no. mr. mr. wicker, no.

the clerk: mr. cramer, no.

the clerk: mr. romney, no.

the clerk: mrs. britt, no. ms. cortez masto, aye.

the clerk: mr. grassley, no. mr. cardin, aye. mr. vance, no. ms. hirono, aye. mr. scott of florida, no. mrs. hyde-smith, no. mr. sullivan, no.

the clerk: mr. lankford, no.

the clerk: mr. booker, aye.

the clerk: mrs. capito, no.

mr. coons, aye.

the clerk: mr. manchin, aye. ms. smith, aye.

the clerk: mr. hoeven, no. mr. paul, no. ms. duckworth, aye. mrs. shaheen, aye.

vote:

the clerk: mr. sanders, aye.

mr. welch, aye.

the clerk: mr. merkley, aye. ms. ernst, no.

mr. cruz, no. the clerk: mr. barrasso, no. mr. bennet, aye.

the clerk: ms. murkowski, aye. mr. murphy, aye. ms. sinema, aye. mr. mullin, no.

the clerk: mr. menendez, aye. mrs. blackburn, no.

the clerk: mr. blumenthal, aye.

the clerk: mr. rubio, no.

the clerk: mr. carper, aye. the clerk: mr. scott of south carolina, no.

vote:

the clerk: mr. schmitt, no. mr. budd, no. mr. tillis, no. mr. reed, aye. mr. van hollen, aye.

the clerk: mr. hawley, no.

the presiding officer: on this matter the yeas are 49 the nays are 46. nomination is confirmed. the motion to reconsider is laid upon the table and the president will be notified of the senate's actions. mr. schumer: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. schumer: could we have order, please. the presiding officer: order in the chamber. mr. schumer: thank you. in a few minutes we're going to proceed on the nomination of an outstanding public servant, margaret garn net who i was proud to recommend to president biden. she is a proud resident of brooklyn, a brilliant legal thinker and someone whose life story has been defined by public service. she's had more than a decade of experience prosecuting cases ranging from murder to robbery to financial fraud and more as part of the u.s. attorney's office for the southern district of new york. 15 times she's tried a case all the way to jury verdict,

including what was at the time the largest tax fraud case in u.s. history. but ms. garnett is also a fierce defender of rights of the accused, instrumental in exonerating five have had wrongly convicted of murder. she said our job is to do justice. mr. president, our courts need more public servants like margaret m. garnett, described by her colleagues not just as brilliant but wise, not just as determined but kind, not just an outstanding lawyer but true friend of our system. if anyone has mastered the recipe for serving as an excellent jiewrkts it's certainly -- jurist it's margaret garnett. i'm proud to support the nomination of margaret garnett today and encourage our colleagues to support her as well. i yield the floor. the presiding officer: the clerk will report the motion to invoke cloture. the clerk: cloture motion, we, the undersigned senators, in

accordance with the provisions of of the standing rules of the senate, do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination of executive calendar number 308, margaret m. garnett of new york, to be united states district judge for the southern district of new york signed by 17 senators. the presiding officer: by unanimous consent, the mandatory quorum call has been waived. the question is, is it the sense of the senate that debate on the nomination of margaret m. garnett of new york to be united states district judge for the southern district of new york shall be brought to a close. the yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule. the clerk will call the roll. vote: the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. mr. booker. mr. boozman. mr. braun. mrs. britt.

mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cardin. mr. carper. mr. casey. mr. cassidy. ms. collins. mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer.

mr. crapo. mr. cruz. mr. daines. ms. duckworth. mr. durbin. ms. ernst. mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer. mrs. gillibrand. mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan. mr. hawley. mr. heinrich. mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven. mrs. hyde-smith.

mr. johnson. mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy. mr. king. ms. klobuchar. mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan. ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez. mr. merkley. mr. moran. mr. mullin. ms. murkowski. mr. murphy. mrs. murray. mr. ossoff.

mr. padilla. mr. paul. mr. peters. mr. reed. mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney. ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio. mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen.

ms. sinema. ms. smith. ms. stabenow. mr. sullivan. mr. tester. mr. thune. mr. tillis. mr. tuberville. mr. van hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young. senators voting in the affirmative -- cardin, kaine, menendez, reed, schumer, sinema, stabenow, van hollen, and

welch. senators voting in the negative -- barrasso, blackburn, britt, cornyn, cotton, cramer, hoeven, lummis, mullin, paul, ricketts, scott of south carolina, sullivan, tillis, and wicker. mr. casey, aye. mr. moran, no. ms. ernst, no.

the clerk: mr. schatz, aye. the clerk: mr. wyden, aye.

the clerk: mrs. shaheen, aye.

the clerk: mr. thune, no. mr. lankford, no. mr. heinrich, aye. mr. kennedy, no. mr. crapo, no.

the clerk: mr. mcconnell, no. mr. rounds, no.

the clerk: mr. padilla, aye. mrs. hyde-smith, no. mr. blumenthal, aye. mr. marshall, no. the clerk: mr. brown, aye.

mr. cassidy, no. mr. king, aye. the clerk: mr. kub, no. the clerk: mr. tuberville, no.

mr. schmitt, no. ms. hassan, aye. mrs. fischer, no.

the clerk: mr. daines, no.

the clerk: mr. durbin, aye. mr. young, no. the clerk: mr. grassley, no.

the clerk: mr. hagerty, no.

ms. rosen, aye. the clerk: mr. kelly, aye. ms. cortez-masto, aye. ms. butler, aye.

the clerk: mr. cruz, no. mr. lujan, aye.

mrs. capito, no. the clerk: mr. sanders, aye. mr. johnson, no. the clerk: mr. lee, no.

the clerk: mr. boozman, no.

the clerk: mr. vance, no.

the clerk: mr. peters, aye. mrs. murray, aye. the clerk: mr. braun, no.

the clerk: mr. baldwin, aye. the clerk: ms. smith, aye.

the clerk: mr. hawley, no. mr. whitehouse, aye. ms. duckworth, aye.

the clerk: mr. scott of florida, no. mr. merkley, aye.

the clerk: ms. -- ms. hirono, a. ms. klobuchar, aye.

the clerk: ms. gillibrand, aye. mr. tester, aye.

the clerk: ms. collins, aye. mr. romney, no. mr. risch, no.

the clerk: mr. rubio, no. mr. carper, aye.

the clerk: mr. budd, no.

the clerk: mr. warner, aye.

the clerk: mr. murphy, aye.

the clerk: mr. bennet, aye.

the clerk: mr. manchin, aye.

vote: the clerk: ms. murkowski, aye.

mr. fetterman, aye.

the clerk: mr. booker, aye. ms. warren, aye.

the clerk: mr. coons, aye.

the clerk: ms. cantwell, aye.

the presiding officer:ed yeas are 49. the nays are 46. the motion is agreed to. the clerk will report the nomination. the clerk: nomination, the judiciary, margaret m. garnett of new york to be united states district judge for the southern district of new york. the presiding officer: under the previous order, the senate

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