[applause] >> speaking to the choir here at this event, but, i mean, if the most visual wayis to see this importance, it just looked at the captions and all the illustrations in my book, library of congress is a full third of them. library of m congress makes high resolution images available on their website toon download on-demand and use as you want, as so many of our federal institutions do. and then the others are from unc library ores other libraries tht give permission for people to use these precious pieces of our past. native american history, things that have toey be uncovered but they are there. like, we couldn't write this

history of documents in many cases written by colonizers who in no way intended this kind of book to come out of them, right? have written things down and then they get carefully preserved. the library of congress or the national archives for the kansas historical society or someplace, and were therere for us and countless other scholars and interested public to find them. people worry about a statute taken down. history would be lost without archives and libraries. of that d around library systems. i know it sounds strange, but sometimes we we end up with a i, i, id library id cards and we of keep them on the like old driver's license, you know, and so and every stage of my academic career and development, i've been deeply immersed within

a kind of be usually university or kind of historical society or independent library like the newberry library, chicago, which has the best bibliography collection in the field of native history. um, we can't understand american history without libraries and need books and librarians and archivists. and so cutting funding or limiting the acquisition or shifting exclusively to a digital format is not going to help redress the kind of educational deficiencies that we've been discussing this afternoon. so i'm really grateful of the work that you're doing as well. and one thing that might be interesting that i don't know, i maybe you could help us learn is how many tribal libraries are there within this kind of world of because of these cultural centers that i reference have within them library systems, and so are library libraries. so you can see the kind of

growing power of tribes to harness and harness kind of history in certain ways in libraries, often written full of books written by non-indians, have been very helpful in those processes. yeah. thank you. and we have hundreds of tribal libraries across this country. right. thank you so much for sharing. thank very well said. thank you. i thank you for being here. i an interesting exhibit, the smithsonian american indian museum about who qualifies to be an indian and that the laws differed state by state. you had to be 100% indian. you had a just the pilot with some type of proof 75% 50%. and it varied state to state. and this was important in order to qualify either affirmative action or renumeration or things

like that. and i would like to know, in your opinion is how do you handle affirmative action and renumeration to american indians? hmm. well, i'd say the most important thing and they can correct me if i don't say it right is citizenship in a partic killer native nation. and so citizenship in a particular native nation is a mutual recognition by that nation and by the individual that that individual is a citizen is a member of that community. so there have plenty of efforts by states by the federal government to say who is indian and who's not. but at its heart, the most important thing is whether a nation and that individual recognizes as each other, as as that individual belonging to that nation. you know, this is one of the myths under elements of contemporary american society.

essentially this kind of presumption that all american indians now are receiving the gaming revenue streams, which is not true. and so i can't remember the exact percentages, but only 20% of tribal nations manage casinos. and of those 20%, only a certain percentage actually turn profitable revenue return. so that may have changed in the last decade or so. but the vast majority of american indian citizens are not now receiving the kinds of enumerations. if that's the kind of suggestion many tribes are fighting for restoration of particular lands resources as well as certain types of claims against the federal government. and there were over 100 tribes that filed claims against the federal government for either sanctioning or illegally taking tribal lands throughout the 19th century following the passage of a law and called the indian claims commission act. and so there's something called the indian claims commission

over the last 50 years that held heard over 100 claims by tribal nations. but the question you're asking is about membership and citizenship is kathleen mentioned and it's not determined by states. so tribes themselves within states have the authority to determine who is and is not a member of their community. they often make that membership determination based on the imposition of congressional or establish governing requirements through something called the indian reorganization act, which required tribes to adopt constitutions to elect their tribal council and establish a membership criteria based on a quarter of indian descent, a blood quantum requirement. so that's the federal if we were to say, what is the federal government recognition and tribal membership requirements, we would say that even though tribes themselves have a reformed in over 400 constitutional changes, their own constitutions reflect their own concerns. and so the cherokee, the navajo nation and my tribe, they all

have differential membership standards essentially. so a quarter is one grandparent. what's dissent on a census roll? and so to be a member of a tribe means to be descendant from either census rolls taken for or with the tribe in a certain time period. but it could be multiple members of family. so this is a very complicated subject because the contents and it's not just a mathematical but political. and it's also a historical and it's very emotional as well. but many tribes are moving to move past this requirement. they're changing the constitutions. many recognize indian descent. so you can be a recognized member of a tribe through descendants. and they offer a kind of citizen certificate of indian descent, essentially. so you can and that for that is

essentially a tribe's recognition of your relationship with them through a process of descent from a tribal member. so that's a very obviously complex subject that is very hard to explain in a world where many of us believe that certain types of multiple citizenship types might not be maybe constitutional, think thank you. thank you so much for the wonderful question and for the attempt to answer what can take an entire semester to be able to answer. unfortunately, we are out of time. i do want to acknowledge everyone who wanted to ask a question and say that they will be signing books at 130, so they're not going anywhere. and i do as we close out, you know, kathleen, i want to just state one of the sentences in your conclusion. you state as in the past, solutions live with native

peoples themselves and the determination of the rest of us to listen to them. so i want to thank both of you for all of the work that you have done to help us listen to native people. i want to thank the audience for joining us today. encourage you. please go check out their books. please go have them sign and please join me in thanking ned and kathleen for their work. thank you. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ >> and you're watching live coverage of the national book festival held at the washington convention center. this is the 24th you in a row that booktv has been live with the festival which kicked off in 2001, founded by laura bush. in a about 20 minutes best-sellg author erik larson talking about his new book which details the time between abraham lincoln's 1860 election and filing on fort sumter in april 1861. that in about 20 minutes. joining us now though is diplomat stuart eizenstat. reacc agreements that changed the world. ambassador eizenstat was

domestic policy adviser for jimmy carter and u.s. ambassador to the european union during the clinton administration. ambassador eizenstat, there's an old saying that politics stops at the water's edge. is that still true today? unfortunately, it's not, peter. and i think one of the things that inhibits u.s. leadership abroad in diplomacy is the fact that politics don't stop at the water's edge. they are very divisive. we saw that, for example, with ukraine. so when our negotiators leaders are negotiating with foreign governments and they don't have the full bipartisan support of the congress and the public, it weakens our position. i wrote this book for three reasons. one is that we live in a very turbulent time with seemingly irresolvable conflicts. and i wanted to show by looking at the major conflicts we did resolve over the last 50 years

that diplomacy can. it did work and it can work again. second, i wrote it because we're in the midst of two hot wars in gaza and ukraine. we've through an era in our own lifetimes of multiple wars, the vietnam war, the two balkan wars and bosnia and kosovo, the two iraq wars, afghanistan and and libya with very mixed results. so i wanted to look at when, how and whether u.s. military force can and should be used as a adjunct to diplomacy and third, and very of concern and this gets back to your first question that we're in a environment in which a significant percentage of the congress and the public are in an isolationist mood. and i wanted to show by this book how vital it is for u.s. leadership abroad to soar of problems, to solve conflicts,

and that if we don't, we leave a vacuum in which our adversaries russia and china will fill. when you go into the mindset of somebody who is perhaps isolated, honest, can you understand their views? of course. in fact, one of the things that i point out as an attribute of the 130 people i interviewed in the book who were the great diplomats of the time is the ability to be able to listen to your opponent. to put yourself in their shoes and to understand their point of view. so, yes, i do understand it, but it's important that we have a dialog with people who say, well, we can't afford to engage abroad. we have to devote ourselves to our problems at home. but the two are inextricably intertwined. if we don't resolve problems abroad, then we can't resolve problems at home supply chains with china, access to energy. all of these things require

engagement abroad. if we're going to solve again, our problems at home, we need to be engaged. and if u.s. leadership is absent abroad, then that will leave again a vacuum which our enemies will fill. and which will leave us weakened at home. should note that henry kissinger wrote the introduction, and james baker wrote the foreword they did to the book to republicans. exactly. and because i wanted to show the bipartisan nature of diplomacy and with kissinger, i have a chapter on his negotiations in in the vietnam war. his opening to china and his negotiations for the disengagement after the 1973 young kippur war in the middle east, where jim baker, i really highlight his engagement with george h.w. bush on the first iraq war. what i think is the good iraq war, but also his fantastic

accomplishment, along with george h.w. bush of reunifying germany under nato. and he had convince not only the soviet union, which had a deathly fear of germany for obvious reasons of that, but he also had to convince our own allies, the french and the british. margaret thatcher said, i love germany so much. i want to of them. so it was huge lift. and what jim baker showed was the importance of personal relationships. he developed a personal kinship with the foreign minister of the soviet union, shevardnadze took him to jackson hole for several days where his own retreat was and broke the ice so that shevardnadze could take positions which were at odds with his own foreign ministry on reunifying germany. but doing so with nato. that was a huge accomplishment

by. both jim baker and by president george h.w. bush. and it's one of the reasons why that is one of the 12 chapters that i highlight and why his preface to my book is so important as you can guess, we're talking about diplomacy and foreign policy. the numbers are up on the screen. go ahead and dial in if you would like to talk was to eizenstat, former ambassador to the european union, former chief domestic policy adviser to president jimmy carter, and in fact, when you were in the white house, the camp david accords were signed. but you were working on domestic policy at that time. well, yes, i was. but i had a significant role in that because i was the official back channel between the president and the israeli embassy transmitting, in effect, secret views of where the israeli prime minister bacon, was going to come, giving them a view of where carter was going to come. and then i actually negotiated a

part of the treaty with egypt and israel dealing with giving israel access to the oil that it would lose by moving out of the egyptian sinai, leaving those egyptian oil fields. and we guarantee that if, in fact, there was a cutoff of oil from egypt, israel, that the u.s. would step in. so i was very directly involved and in many occasions when president carter shared his frustrations with me, and i have whole chapter on the middle east negotiation from kissinger through gaza today. he shared his frustrations with the both with opposite, often from the jewish community. the difficulty of getting prime minister bagan to go along with some of the proposals that we made. and so i was engaged, even though my mandate was domestic policy, i was very much engaged in the whole middle east peace

process. ambassador eizenstat, since those 1978 camp david accords, we've had the abraham accords and we have issues right now. anthony blinken is over there. often in the middle east. what's your take? well, first of all, i am special adviser to secretary blinken on holocaust issues, not on the middle east, but the gaza issue is as difficult and complicated as any i've ever seen and that i write about it. and the reason is that hamas has to be disabled as a military and governing authority. no country can accept on its borders a government that's dedicated to their elimination. but this cannot be solved. peter but military force alone, it requires to palomas see as well. and israel made several mistakes that i catalog as lessons

learned from all of the wars. i look at. and i've looked at all the major wars of our time and talk to the generals, for example, very poor intelligence, not realizing that had morphed from purely terrorist group into a full blown terrorist army organized by an attack battalion and with the most sophisticated arms invited by iran, not realizing the surprise attack that they were going to do, they actually had a lower level intelligence. so the whole battle plan on october seventh and they said hamas is not capable of doing it. but the biggest mistake and one that continues to this day and it's confront secretary blinken, who just came back from his ninth or 10th trip, is that one of the lessons i learned from all of the interviews i did, the two iraq wars, afghanistan is you should never fire the first

bullet. and two, you know, beforehand what the political outcome is you're seeking. steve, who was george w bush's nasser security advisor, said that that's one of the big mistakes they made in deposing saddam hussein in the iraq war. they got into it before knowing what outcome was going to happen when they did depose him. and that remains the problem in gaza today. the last problem with gaza is that you have two entities, the hamas government, what's left of it, and israel, who have diametrically opposite final outcomes. hamas wants to keep its military and political power in israel for good reason, doesn't want that. so that is what's really stalled everything. it's not just how many hostages are turned over, it's what the final outcome is going to be. and phase three of the biden

plan, who is going to rule over gaza and israel properly says it can't be hamas. it has to be not hamas. people. but hamas says we want a role in it. the other role is do you reconstruct gaza? it's destroyed 80% of the infrastructure. we need the gulf states to get involved. all all of whom except the saudis, already have peace agreements with israel through the abraham accords, through president carter's efforts, and president clinton's efforts with jordan. but they are setting a key condition that is, we are not going to reconstruct gaza unless there is a political horizon for the palestinians in the west bank and gaza to have a state of their own. and that's something the current israeli government can't get to. so having the right negotiator is critical. i focus on the great negotiators of our time and all the skills they have, the preparation, the

intelligence, listening, sitting on the other person's shoes, the political courage to depart as happened in northern ireland from long held positions. but when you're dealing with two parties who have dynamic, strictly opposite outcomes, even the best negotiators and tony blinken is one of them, have difficulty finding a common solution. going back to the trump administration, the u.s. embassy move to jerusalem, the abraham accords. two things. were you consulted during any of that? and what do you think of those two? well, i think that the abraham accords are truly historic because they broaden the peace dimension from egypt that we did in the carter ministration, that jordan, that we did in the clinton administration to include the gulf states, bahrain, the uae, then morocco. the key is saudi arabia and in

the biden administration, i am convinced we were within weeks of having a normalization between saudi arabia and israel, which would have been transform it if and that's one of the reasons october seventh happened. the iranians couldn't tolerate that. and hamas couldn't tolerate it. now, putting those chess pieces together is much more difficult. but we were within really a few weeks a truly historic agreement. i whoever the next president is and i hope it's kamala harris. but if it's mr. trump that they will continue to work on the saudis, because that would be truly transformative. but again, the price is a political perspective on sovereignty for the palestinians, which israeli public at this point for understandable reasons, because of october seventh, is saying no, even the moderate left

doesn't want that. so you have to start building. and one of the things that i take as a lesson from all of my diplomacy, diplomatic analysis is if you go for a home run, you try to include too much, you're going to strike out. you have to go for single. so, for example, with the good friday agreement for northern ireland, where again, you had two warring parties, the catholics and the protestants, the nationalists and the unionists, george mitchell, the u.s. mediator, didn't resolve the to fund a mental issues. what's the future of northern ireland? is it part of the irish republic or part of great britain that was left to a referendum? that's never happened to this day because the two parties are now in a peaceful relationship. the other was what happens to the guns the militias had. it took tony blair nine more years to do that. and the lesson is don't overshoot. and that's what i would say for the middle east.

don't try to go all the way to a two state solution. build confidence, build economic relationships, create an environ in which the israeli public has confidence that the palestinians, they will be peaceful. ambassador eizenstat, when you're negotiating a treaty, is the first rule. how does this the united states always but it's not a poker game and one of the things that i point out in my book is that diplomacy, to be successful, has to be a win win situation. you have to put yourself in your opponent's position. there, obviously representing a sovereign country, they have their own public opinion. they have their own political pressures. and you have to have what, by former boss? when i was deputy treasury secretary larry summers in the column, australian called a sympathetic empathy for the other side.

you have to empathize with them if you don't agree with them. he called it a unsympathetic empathy and that is crucial. so, yes, it obviously has to be in the national interest of the united states, but you have to recognize it has to be in the other side's interest as well. that's what makes it so difficult, so complicated. how did you get to washington originally? i had a summer in 1963 as a congressional intern for the university of north carolina. i was placed in congress and i got potomac fever from there. the next summer, i ended up working the political office of the postmaster general, who was then in the lbj cabinet. i went to the first democratic convention in 64, and that led me to work in the johnson white house in 67. and then the carter house. and i worked in six administrations and all. well, i know you're from

atlanta. how did you meet jimmy carter? after we lost the 1968 election when i was working for hubert humphrey against nixon, i went back to my hometown, clerked for a federal judge, and then i was going to work for the prohibitive favorite, carl sanders, who had been the former governor and was the odds on favorite. my high school roommate. henry bowers, said, you have to see former state senator jimmy carter. he's the underdog. but i think you'll like him. and i went to see him and carl sanders was in a very upholstered office of his law firm, jimmy carter. i met on a folding table with two irons folding chairs. and i said, what am i getting myself into? he had work boots on. it took me one hour to realize this was the real thing. he was from south georgia, but he understood urban issues. mass transit, education reform, and from me. he was someone who was supporting civil rights, even from south georgia.

and it took me a second interview to convince myself i shouldn't work for carl sanders, who i had first gone to see. and the rest is history. i became his policy director as governor when he ran for president. and then in the white house. stu eizenstat, you have one minute to tell us about your chapter on trade, nafta, usmca. one of the concerns i really have is we're moving into an anti-trade environment. and so i interviewed all of the trade representatives, including donald trump's mr. lighthizer, who was a first rate trade representative. trade is critically important, and it's the issue internally, certainly, peter, that has the most domestic political content, because you're dealing with jobs, you're dealing with plant openings and closings. you're dealing with imports of sensitive goods like steel and aluminum, which are going to

compete here. and i found that what bob lighthizer said was the key to his negotiations preparation, preparation and preparation. knowing what the other side was standing for, what you needed to have, and how you open markets like mexico, like canada, as in now, after, but do so in a way that protects the interests of american workers. well. stuart eizenstat, the art of diplomacy. how american negotiators reached historic agreements changed the world. thank you for spending a few minutes with us here at the national book festival. our coverage of the national book festival now continues with bestselling author erik larson.

good afternoon. who here is a medgar evers fan of a mega-star and eric larson. journalist and author. erik larson is author of six national bestsellers the splendid and the vile dead week in the garden of beasts thunderstruck talk the devil in the white city and isaac's storm. collectively, larson has sold more than 10 million copies. one of them amazing achievement. his newest title, the demon of unrest a saga of hubris, heartbreak and heroism at the dawn of the civil war. brings to life the five months between the election of abraham lincoln and the start of the civil war and describes the tragic miscalculations made by

key men in power who ultimately led america to the brink. the session is moderated by david and rubenstein, author and co-founder of carlyle group. enjoyed the festival and let us welcome them to the stage. so. how many people here have read a book by eric larson? oh, wow. how many people have not read a book by erik larson? oh, okay. well, you have to leave. would you stand up, please? oh, okay. so i interviewed you last on your book, on winston churchill's first year in office. it was spectacular book, bestseller. and at that time, i asked you, what was your next book? and i think you were you weren't sure or she wouldn't tell me, but why did you think that the world needed another book on the civil war? i mean, there have been 100,000 books. why did you think you could add to the civil war literature already?

and didn't you once say you would never write a book on the civil war? okay. thank you so, sir. i am on record. can google this? i am on record as having said numerous times that i will never write a book about the civil war and i will never write a book about abraham lincoln or anything where he's a is a significant character. so here i am on stage talking about a book about the civil war, abraham lincoln as a key character. i didn't want to do a book about the civil war because frankly, i didn't need the grief in my life. you know, a friend of mine, the late tony horowitz, unfortunately, he did a book called confederates the attic. anybody read that book? it's a great book. and he told me it once went to a book signing and in texas and somebody showed up with an actual live civil war candidate. and so, no, i didn't want to write about the civil war. but what happened? what happened? was it actually has to do a lot has a lot to do with the pandemic. i blame the pandemic for this. i was in the middle of my book

tour for the splendid and the vile, the book we spoke about when the, you know, the covid pandemic intensified and suddenly the world locked down and on march 12th, my wife's birthday, and suddenly i was on a plane home and my tour was over halfway through, found myself in our pandemic redoubt on eastern long island, found myself a lot of time on my hands that had not expected to have and i decided, okay, i'm going to devote this to looking for my next my next project. and so that's probably when we encountered each other. i was on a fence and looking at two other things. i started looking at the various ideas you recall about. then there was a good deal of political discord that kept hearing people talking about otherwise sane people talk, supposedly otherwise sane people talking about secession and civil war. modern secession and civil war. what if, for whatever reason, they just sort of decided, okay, i'm going to maybe there's a maybe there's a story and how

the civil war actually the real civil war actually got started. you know, i i confess, i'm not a civil war buff. never was. i had significantly gaps and significant gaps in my knowledge about about the civil war. but i thought maybe that was the story. i mean, something that's a very, very compelling thing, obviously. so i started wandering around online. i couldn't go my usual m.o. would be to go to a physical archive, parachute in without any advance warning, no advance warning to the curators, to anybody, and just see what kind of material was available. obviously, i couldn't do that. you know, my beloved, i'm not just sucking up your beloved library of congress, madison reading room, which is god's gift to researchers. anybody who does research, we know that this is a fantastic place. i couldn't do it. i couldn't go. so so unfortunately, was consigned to doing online research, started wandering around. it's it's i personally find online research stultifying.

i did find, however, this collection of documents, the official records of the the war of the rebellion, the official records of the union and confederate army. i started reading it and i found it very compelling. this is this is brilliantly curated, chronological. hundreds documents. yeah. a telegram, response. letter response report. response. which is the stuff that i live for. this is great. this is like they were giving me my story, and so i ordered a physical volume. i was able to track down a publisher of of those documents, volume one. of course, it arrived at my pandemic. i disinfected it. i did. and once again jumped into and i just found it incredibly compelling. so i started you know, it's i mean, it's sort of the ultimate suspense novel tension. it's got everything almost novel. so i started looking into it. i was still wandering around, looking at some other ideas.

i wasn't completely committed. then came the events of january six, 2021. and as i watched as i watched that unfold from my office. i never forget that afternoon. i felt i felt this array of emotions, anxiety, fear suspense, what was to happen. and i thought to myself, wow, you know, here's this thing unfolding on tv. the documents that i've just been reading about for the last couple, a couple of months for the last year, actually could have been written today. so that's made you decide, okay, this may have some relevance. right. so when you picked this topic, how much research you actually do? how many? a year and a half of research or. and how do you do your research then? right? or do you research and write? research and write or all your research first and then write this kind of kind of kind of, a hybrid of all of that stuff? what what, what happens very the

first thing of all is that i was doing a very detailed book proposal because i want to know what i'm into. you know, once i commit to a contract with a publisher. my agent keeps telling me, look at this, in your career, just write a letter. just them. this is what i want to do. i be terrifying on the day that i got the and started working on the story. so i always do a lot of advanced of the book proposal for me as a as a sample chapter and essay lengthy essay about why this should why this might be a compelling thing where the resources are what the actual is, and then a capsule outline, which is a vital thing for me, a capsule outline that has each chapter that i envision at that point. the idea being to try to try to see where this what narrative arc is, to see, see if it's there. and it was for me. so i did my book proposal and then and that represents about six months of of concerted

research. then i dive in for the project. i do the heavy duty research. a lot of material is still archives were closed or their schedules were very funky. so i still couldn't dive in for a while. but i found lot of great primary records online. you know, anybody who's into lincoln mean just, you know, the complete works of abraham lincoln is accessible to anybody and is wonderful and the library of congress databases are just tremendous. and then finally, i was able to to get of my my, my, my condition. yeah. i have to say, as a writer, lockdown is what i do. so it was not that awful, but i was finally able to get out and go to go to the library of congress, go to the mass reading room and above all, get to get to charleston. so i your publisher probably didn't expect and i don't know if you expected that this would become the number one best new york times bestseller because

the civil war is a long time ago. and there's the battle for wouldn't have many people wouldn't have would be the most exciting part. were you surprised that it became the number one new york times bestseller? yeah, i was. i hoped i hope i mean, i thought i saw it by the time i was done with the book. i actually think it's not a bad story. you know, this is i mean, this is this is sort of the the tick tock, not the social media tick that, but the tick tock, as we journalists like to say that the tick tock of of the, you know, the advance toward america's greatest tragedy, you know, how could it be anything but but to me, it is very compelling. i don't really understand the dynamics of bestseller lists. i don't understand what makes a book, you know, reach the list. one thing i would like to just point out of it, i have actually had the seven bestsellers because that includes demon and anyway, and that's pretty good. so and it's not actually not 10 million, it's 12. so have you already picked a

subject for your next book? yes, but you can't say what it is yet. i will never tell. so. so this is this is actually this is actually the first time in my in my career as a as a writer of narrative nonfiction that by the time i finished one book, i actually knew what i was going to do this. i'm not going to tell you what it is. i'll tell you why i won't in moment. but but this is something that has been gestating for about a decade. and because of various contractual issues and timing issues with other other works and so forth, i just couldn't do it. but now i'm going to do it and i will tell. the zone of history, it's the it's that i've gone back to the to the gilded age, which delights me. but beyond that, i won't tell you because never talk future works because i'm a terrible i would fail in hollywood if i had had to do this. because if i told you my next idea, you would look at me like,

okay, you know, and i can't have that in my mind for four years when i this when i learned this most vividly was when i was at a family reunion on long island with my extended family, my sisters, so forth. and i was working on my book, actually thunderstruck about marconi and and england's second most famous murderer. and and my sister. my oldest sister came up to me. everybody'd have a few beers and so forth. and she came up and she started badgering me to get to know what the book was. just like, come. but you never tell what it is. just. just me. so i thought, after all, among friends here, it's family, you know? so i told her idea and she goes, oh, i read that for years. four years of that, running through my head is like a like a like a like a 22 caliber bullet from the sopranos. know, just bouncing around in my brain. for those who haven't read the

book, let's try to summarize it briefly. yeah. the essence of it is there was an effort by number of southern states led by carolina to secede from the union, and this began more or less under president buchanan before lincoln. so what was the main concern that south carolina legislature had and the man who was leading that mr. ruffin? well, he was one of one of the players on the whole thing. but what was the main concern? why would want to secede? what was the problem? the south, the south, particularly south carolina, had had long felt itself to be subjected to the tyranny of federal, particularly of northern rule. south carolina had always been a touchy or touchy, as they would say back, that a a touchy state in terms of its its alleged rights. and what could and could not do even at the point where even at

the point where the constitution, the various elements of it were being negotiated. south carolina was first and foremost to to to say that there had to be a there had to be something in the constitu ition that would allow the foreign slave to continue in perpetuity. the other the other negotiating people from the north, so forth, or more more wise and humane souls would not go for that. so there was this significant conflict yielded as a footnote that yielded this promise in the promise that that in the constitution, that for 20 years the united states would not than the foreign slave trade. footnote number two, 20 years almost to the to the day to, the date to the time the united actually banned the foreign trade in 1808.

eight, yes, eight, eight. so, so carolina had always been this irascible, so irascible, actually, that other states were were embarrassed by its behavior here in the year before. the whole secession thing. they didn't want it. they with the concept of secession, but they didn't want this crazy state to be the leader because they felt it would devalue the the the meaning of secession in the in the world high. so one thing leads to another. south carolina in 1832 leads the so-called nullification effort. they just decided. again citing study of the constitution but not really the idea that in south carolina they could nullify federal law. they chose and happily, andrew jackson was president at the time, was no, that's that's not

going to happen. the story advances. south carolina continues to feel like it's been been completely abused. big element, big element fuel in south carolina was course slavery. it let anybody tell you otherwise it was all about slavery early in the 1800s. planters tended to see slavery as an as a necessary evil. over time, that changed for a very important reason. the world began moving rapidly away from from slavery, led by led by britain. the abolition movement rose in the north, and this for southern planters. this was an existential threat. their entire culture, their lives were based on this, this, this, this enslaved body of people, 4 million slaves in the south x, whatever, in south to,

to to eliminate slavery would be not just to eliminate the free labor that allowed these people to do what they did and get quite rich was also to eliminate eliminate the capital base which they, they, they function. i mean, you know, you could you could and they did you could you could get a mortgage on land secured by the bodies of your enslaved people. this was capital and when lincoln was elected in november. of 1860, november six, 1860, southerners, southern planters saw this as the end of their world because they believed that lincoln had one goal. his goal was abolish slavery completely. that was not his goal. that was not his goal at all. at that point. but the south, led by fire leaders, activists, this gentleman, not a actually, but edmund ruffin, had had had just

become convinced that lincoln was going to was going to was going to do this same time there had been a movement in south carolina led by south carolina. but also became commonplace throughout the throughout the south was the pro-slavery movement because the north was moving more and more radically against slavery, the south managed to persuade itself, pro-slavery writers, that slavery was best of all things, not just for the planters, but for the enslaved. so you have this, this, this, this massive split happening which led to you know, with lincoln's election that led that was the final so south carolina secedes from the union when buchanan as president, buchanan doesn't really do much about it. lincoln is is elected president in november. take office till march right he says in his inaugural address. i'm not going to do anything to

effect slavery where it already exists because it's protected by the constitution. so why did people in the south and the south carolina particularly not not take him at his word, he said i'm not going to get rid of slavery where it already exists. it's protected by the constitution. why didn't they believe him? you know, that is that is one of the one of the mysteries of the whole saga. it's like i think you could kind of come back to another sort of contemporary thing we have now. back then, they they were in their own echo chamber. you know, they had come to believe that lincoln was going to be was going to abolish slavery, that he could say all he wanted about protecting slavery, but he didn't really mean it. that's fact. so they persuaded themselves that this guy was the antichrist and. when you have that kind of situation, nothing's going to shake it. all right. so south carolina secede from the union that means that the union forts and union in south carolina are not really in a they're in foreign country in effect now. right. right. let me just sketch the situation

in charleston harbor in that in that period, you know, the united states, the the federal government possessed numerous establishments in the charleston harbor area. one was a fort fort. one was a castle. there was an arsenal, a revolutionary war fort that was pretty much obsolete. and there was fort sumter, sumter at this time was incomplete construction had begun in 1828 and it was still not the guns had not been mounted. the fortress was meant to have 650 soldiers at this point before the action begins that had essentially none. some laborers who were working, working on the floor. so us control these properties and. that really rankled south carolina.

that really rankled because again they felt that the north was this tyrannical force. and here in the harbor was this federal presence. then you know, this fort sumter galled them the most. it had this this, this gigantic flag flying from the top of this. you know, fortress with a 50 foot walls and three tiers of guns and so forth, really -- them off. and so, so the united states became concerned about this after after lincoln's election, after the declaration of of secession, but actually even even before lincoln's election, the united states army put a new commander in charge of the federal properties in charleston harbor. robert anderson, major robert anderson, who, if there's a hero in my book, it it is major robert anderson. interestingly, anderson was a southerner by birth. he was a former his wife was from a prominent slaveholding

family in georgia. he was put in charge of the federal presence in charleston harbor. he arrives. he becomes aware immediately, especially after lincoln's election, which happens soon afterwards, that things are getting really dangerous down there in south carolina, that, you know, the population, south carolina is ready, you know, literally for war. they want these guys. south carolina declares secession. i think it was on december 20 of 1860. if my recollection is. and then things start getting really, really tetchy down there and all anderson and his men feel it and suddenly he has only 75 men under his command at this point. and again, fort sumter was meant to have 650. so comes christmas day after christmas the night after christmas. anderson execute this brilliant

plan to secretly move all his men from fort moultrie across charleston bay into fort sumter the next morning. the charleston is real to where they realize that this has happened because because smoke and flames are pouring from fort moultrie over on sullivan's island. because anderson has left behind some officers and men to burn the gun carriages and to spike the cannon and inside the fort. so so so the charleston awake this. this after having this wonderful christmas to see that moultrie on fire and to see this this that fort sumter has been occupied by federal troops. they could not just could not stand that. so south carolina seizes fort moultrie, seizes castle pinckney, the federal arsenal and demands anderson to surrender his sumter. so when lincoln becomes president, does he decide, well, look, fort is now in a state

that has seceded, we had to get our troops out. or should we them there to say that we're not really recognizing the secession and therefore we should keep these these troops in the fort because it's still an american fort. right? right. so so lincoln lincoln's attitude, lincoln's attitude was that, you know, we're not going to we're not going to surrender. we're not going to surrender for fort sumter. but remember, at this point, he is not yet officially the president of the united states. he has been elected. but but lincoln had i'm talking still in the period of of 1860, in the early part of 1861, before the inauguration, lincoln is enough of a lawyer to know that that not enough of them respecter of the constitution, legality of things that that that he is not going to be president until two things happen the electoral votes are counted and his inauguration place on march 4th, 1861. interestingly, by the way, the two moments of grave national

concern in 1861, prior to the start of the civil war, where would electoral count come off as as it should? and would the inaugural come off? would lincoln actually a, make it to washington? b, would he actually and would the inauguration happen? so, i mean, doesn't that sound familiar you're right and so so so lincoln decides that he doesn't want throw gasoline onto this fire that's already burning in the country. he decides essentially to keep quiet until his inauguration is not totally quiet, sort of cedes the atmosphere through through friendly politicians, friendly editors and so forth. he stays essentially quiet. so what's happening then is you have janesville. can the president. buchanan whoo hoo hoo hoo! oh, the one thing he wants at this point is to get out of his

administration without a war on his time. and he is doing anything he can. at one point he talks to congress and says he says essentially, i can't anything i give up. he says it's up to congress and we know how effective congress is. so, so so you have buchanan this vacuum in washington. you have lincoln not wanting to plunge into things until march 4th, and you have the us government. at this point, the buchanan's cabinet is very much southern facing his secretary of war. eventually fled to join confederate forces. anderson left there in the harbor with no orders essentially no orders as to what to do. and, you know, this is the situation and and south carolina starts ramping up to appoint general beauregard to put him in charge of southern forces in charleston harbor. he immediately starts installing

cannon emplacements throughout the harbor. so what had happened there is that when when south carolina initially seceded december 20, fort sumter sumter, you know, they were anderson and his men after that were installing guns and so forth. but but there was no real threat to federal because this cannon emplacements had not been erected. so who knows, maybe could buchanan have done something at that by now? that's one of the eternal questions. but what happens as the story advanced is and the reason that the reason i really loved the story in the end was because there's so many fine points that i didn't. know about. is this political manipulations and and the importance to lincoln and his government after march 4th of not, as you pointed out, not recognizing the south. they went to lengths they i think are actually quite almost

comical as this whole story unfolded. it's just fascinating to me. so lincoln decided, as he doesn't want to give up fort sumter because that would be symbolic that we are recognizing secession of south carolina. but does he send more armaments, food and other supplies to fort sumter to make sure they can hold out for any attacks that might occur? right. this is the question that confronted lincoln literally the day after march for his march 4th inauguration, because major anderson said a set of reports saying that basically he was running out of everything and would have to surrender, would have to surrender the fort lincoln was trying to decide that point what to do. do we reinforce the fort? do we surrender to the fort? he sends three different emissaries down to south carolina to try to determine the extent appropriate pro-union opinion. he, like others, like to make like a secretary of state, henry

seward had had had under the impression that there was a lot of pro pro-eu and pro pro-union sentiment in the south that just hadn't been hadn't been revealed yet. so he sends his emissaries down and he learns, in short, that there is no pro-union sentiment, least not not not in charleston. and so then the question confronts him what do do to send an armed expedition into charleston harbor? this point would have been suicide for. those who were entering the harbor because beauregard had so reinforced it that it would have been a disaster. but he has to he comes to repair that. he has to do something. so he does something that's really very clever. he he decides, okay we're going to he decides okay, we're going to send humanitarian aid, send food and nonmilitary supplies to fort sumter. and he notifies the of south carolina and says thatu this is what we're going to do, if you

do not molest this expedition, until the end of the supplies and we believe h the harbor and status quo will be preserved. and he knew i have to believe that south carolina at this point was not going to go for it. and so indeed the expedition is raised. word of this is signaled to south carolina to charleston via telegraph, which was present, for active media element at this point. south carolina then realizess okay, they don't, once again there don't believe him. they don't believe that this is just anex expedition for humanitarian supplies. they are convinced this is a military expedition, intention of seizing charleston, seizing charleston, seizing and reinforcing fort sumter and so forth.h.

.. and the bombardment. so they bombard fort sumter and watch fort sumter. how many american soldiers were in fort sumter at the time? where a large group. so by the time by the time this all gets to the point of the bombardment, anderson has anderson has into the fort with his his men, 75 men. that's all he has. 75. and again the fort was built to have 650 men. so he was vastly outnumbered. they have managed to put a lot of cannon into the fort. this he's ready for four, four, four action. and then now the bombardment begins. bombardment begins. but this is the fort surrendered because the is falling apart. it's on fire or because they don't have enough supplies to fight back or just have a food to fight back or stay there. well, essentially, essentially both the supply of food was was

was essentially non non existent. but also the bombardment had created had caused a fire within the within fort sumter that was so intense, so smoky, so so overwhelm army that there really was no alternative. and finally anderson decides that he's actually it's a very funny moment there. he anderson decides, okay it's it's it's time it's over. normally when you surrender a military situation like that those who surrender are taken prisoners of war. but were these prisoners, these soldiers taken as prisoners of war, were they allowed to go back to the north? no. what happened? what happened was, anderson, was given a promise. this is because of the sort of gentlemanly relationship between beauregard and anderson. they were friends. one was his pupil. and that west point and so forth. and friends to the point, though it didn't stop god from essentially constructing enough weapons to destroy anderson and all his men. but they came to an agreement that anderson would be able to

march out of the fort bearing the american flag and have a 100 gun salute. this is going to be very honorable removal for and the the and his men were going to be taken wherever they wanted to go in and in the north. and that's how it came to an end. now we promised questions. yes, we're going have some questions on one final question i want to ask you, lincoln was a person who was pretty not is very smart, not well-educated, but he consistently, you point out, spelled to fort sumter incorrectly. yes. so how do you spell it and how did he spell it? okay. it's spelled as u as a married tr. he spelled it swampy in peter, t or r the best. this is one one reason i really fell for lincoln. the best thing was he could not inauguration. he could not spell inauguration. well, okay, we have time for questions. who has questions?

stand up and come to the mic. ask your question. hopefully a question, not a statement. just a question. well, it's a race. the mikes. either. i love your books, everyone them and you say. that again. i really love books. and i have been a civil war. both until i found out some. my ancestors were in andersonville. but one thing that always struck me was writing to my family. there's a general winfield scott who related to on my mother's side, who are you? okay. and he offered the command of the union army to someone who served under him. robert, we and robert, we turned

it down and usually know the historians just skip this. but i wonder if you have any thoughts on what would have happened if he had said yes, i can't speculative history or something. i just i just don't do. i won't do it. i want to add a footnote about winfield scott. it's very important that i the fact that the concerns about would the electrical power come off right. and general winfield scott, he was at this point the commanding general of the united states army. he was on his last legs. he was he was like six foot four, 350 pounds or something. he had every ailment imaginable. but this guy was loyal to america to not to a fault, but he was loyal to america. he was not going to let anybody interfere with this electrical. so he fills washington with troops. cannon cavalry, and he makes this wonderful pledge that anybody tries to interrupt the electoral count. i'm going to strap them to the front of the cannon and maneuver the hills of arlington,

virginia, with his body on winfield. scott was old, but he wasn't old enough to be present. united, was he? how old was he? you're 70. so somebody google that. okay. he ran for he lost the right. okay. next election, next president. thank you, sir. hi. i first encountered one of your books as a text in an american studies class. so i'm curious, as a student of history, how do you decide you're writing narrative nonfiction, how much context you need to build for yourself? you said that you weren't a civil war history buff before process and how much your audience also how much context you need to build for your audience as well. that's a good question. you know, i need i need to be absolutely confident that i've got it nailed before i can actually start start writing something. i think we have a name for that. it's like immersion immersion research, immersion journalism, so forth. and and it's basically it's, it's anything particularly it's

reading every thing you can read and just to get to the point where you really have a good, good sense of the stuff, was it was it isaac storm? that was the book you came from? it was dublin, the white city. what city? oh, okay. okay. so they forgave for isaac's storm, i guess. anyway, anyway, so that's i had a question about your book in the garden of bees. yeah, i had read that tom hanks bought the movie rights to it, like a decade more than a ago. and i really know how to hurt a guy. i was. i was curious which of you didn't hurry up and up? i because i think had he made it i've actually tweeted this several times you have you made it before 2016 i think it would have gotten a broader audience. people would have recognized what was happening. do you think? well, i wish you know. just like every book of mine is

or was under option, how many films have been made? not. and and i allowed myself last year one moment. one more usually i espouse i the philosophy of tom wolfe once said when you're dealing with hollywood, you take your book to the fence it over, take the bag of money and run. but but last year, i learned that that i had signed on to play to play burnham and the devil in white. it and and i thought, wow, this is real. he actually signed a compensation package he actually signed a contract. so i thought, this is going to happen. so, you know, the agent who had actually negotiated that option no longer my agent. but no, it's. it's not a pejorative thing. once i learned so much, i learned that i mean, i think i sent her because i her the guy i

sent her a very expensive bottle of champagne, $360. but bottle of champagne. champagne that churchill used to drink, of all things. but yet this was for my sake. and then, like three days later, on a friday evening, i hear from my agent. keanu reeves has dropped the director dropped out, and i was like, was like i was actually let myself really depressed that that night. and then the next day. i don't know if you know the hemingway short story up in michigan, where the character says you know, it was noon before before he remembered that his heart was broken. oh, okay. so it was not that that because you question you've written about lot of interesting people in history and who would you most like to meet and have lunch with potentially. oh, martha dodd. no, no. you know my favorite characters

of all the characters in my books was frederick law olmstead, the landscape architect in chicago for the for the world's fair. just a brilliant guy that every thought that goes through that went through that guy's head was just original materials at the library of congress. you can go read his his materials. and i just i swear he didn't he never wrote an unoriginal sentence in his life. so i would i would really like to, i think, spend time with him and churchill. i mean who wouldn't? hey, you spoke of other federal forts along the southern states, especially around florida. how important were they in the lead up to the civil war? one fort in particular was it was mixed up, actually, in the whole conflict over. something was that was fort block and fort pinckney, right? fort, yes. the one off. one off fort lauderdale. i'm getting my piece screwed up. anyway, big, big sea fortress.

similarly, an offense to the to the confederates. a different situation because it would have been impossible for the confederate navy to actually seize it. but it was a symbolic thing all the same and that also was that was successful reinforced by by lincoln and the navy. but but beyond that, a lot of states, a lot of the southern states simply seized federal properties and held. question yeah. so a lot of historical figures that you've written about have been really kind of mythologized in our culture. and so how do you approach that as a writer trying get back to like they were a real person at the time? that's yeah, you know, you know, that's, that's something that i deal with all the time. i refuse to succumb to hagiography, you know, i mean, even lincoln, i basically said to myself, okay, yeah, i'm going to make lincoln prove to me that he needs to be a character in this book.

now, obviously he needed to be, but it was little things, little things like sense of humor, his warmth, the fact that you couldn't these are the things that that that, you know, really appealed to me. but i was i'm always aware that i don't want to play into what is presumed i don't i don't want to write assumed you know. so it's you it's not that it's not that hard. i mean just call it the way you see it, you know, and let the facts, let the stories come across in diaries and so forth. let them guide you through through through the story. hey, we have time for one more. i think one more question. hello. i really loved devil in the white city you for being here. i'm curious knowing what you know now. what's the one thing that you wish you knew when you first started writing and was there anything that shifted for you to be able to write consistently? you mean you mean when i first started writing, i was sitting any and just in terms of your career. oh, what i wished knew.

yeah. boy, i. i wish i hadn't been so different starting out. i mean, dilly dally as my, my, my. if i had a coat of, i would use a quote from one of jimmy buffett's songs, which is indecision may or may not be my problem. so it won't tell us the subject next book, but you tell us approximately when you think it might come out or it's too hard to predict. that's funny. my publisher wants to know that too too. i was thinking actually, 2 to 3 years because i've done a lot of research already. okay. yeah. all right. well, i want to thank erik larson. i want to thank you thank you.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ >> the book festival coming up. r on disinformation.

you're going to hear from pulitzer prize winner carlos and sara, jeff rosen, the national constitution center. but right now is, frankly, my favorite segment of the year. it's called are you reading the numbers are all on the screen. you can see there. go ahead. we want to know you're reading and we're pleased to be joined by the librarian of congress, carla hayden, for this segment. we're going to talk about the library. we're going to talk about books, and we're going to find out what she is reading as well. but, dr. hayden, i'm going to throw your curveball because as we were talking earlier, before we went on the air, we were talking about google and wikipedia. yeah. are those to librarians? no in fact, there are a lot of librarians who work for search engines because we are we in fact, librarians have a t-shirt and mugs, a bag that says librarians the original search

engines. and we help people find information. and so we love it because when you want something quick, you want to know. we just looked up some birthdays of some authors to just get a sense of it. you get the quick fact wikipedia. now you have librarians who are contributing to wikipedia. so there's more accuracy. and so it's wonderful to have these tools because you have questions. you are seeing things, you're hearing things and you want to know just quickly, you know, when did that happen or what are they doing? well, how has the festival gone so far? oh, it's wonderful. and you can just hear the noise and people and there's so many families here today and we have special areas for young people. the national science foundation is here for the first time, and they're showing how and reading get together. we have a math section. i couldn't use that when i was young. and then all the authors for young people, including the tv

actor, were from, i think it's tv girl. max greenfield with his new book, goodnight thoughts. and so it's just wonderful. and when did you decide you were going to become a librarian? oh, my goodness. i had an experience when i graduate way from undergrad and i was trying to figure out what i was going to do and my dear mother, who's here with us today, finally, there she is who's here said, while you're trying to figure that out, maybe you can get employment and. so i started searching for jobs and everything and i would go in between interviews to my favorite place, the chicago public library. and while i was waiting for the next interview where people me, you're a nice young lady, but you know, you haven't done anything. but one person who had just graduated with me came in and say, hey, carla, they're hiring

anybody. and what? it wasn't. they still do this in libraries. we hire people with undergraduate degrees in any field, and we introduce to the field of librarianship. and so that's when i discovered what libraries could be. and it was all over after dr. hayden investing in a book. and in the time to read in today's world, how do you how do you make that happen? well, think about how people invest devices and all the time. and so they're getting information so activities like the book festival are ways to get young people in particular excited about books because get to meet the authors that illustrate ideas we have for the first time in the book festival this year romance novels and writers and the lines are just going crazy. so give people what they want to read if they want to read

fantasy and romance and we shouldn't be book judges let people read in free people read freely and let it read what they want to read too. or too is the area code 7488 200. if you live in the east and central time zones and want to talk about books, talk to librarian of congress, what are you is the question we're asking. but if you have a question for carla hayden, please call in 2027488201. for those of you in the mountain and pacific time zones. plus we have a text number. 2027488903 if you want to send a text, please do include city and your first name. if you would. library of congress. $840 million annual budget. 3100 employees. what's the focus? what does america get for that money? what america gets is a wonderful

report entry and depository of all human knowledge and information. the library collects in information in 70 languages that collects. it's now up to 170 million items or half of that is in languages other than english. and we collect all types of things. one of the sessions, the library has a booth here at the festival is about free photographs and images that you can download that are free of copyright, like the first selfie, the first photo of harriet tubman. there are all of these wonderful things and ways to get information and inspiration. and so the library congress is the nation's library. i just see, i think stacks and stacks and stacks of hardback books. well, you're right about that.

there are 836 miles of shelf that the library has. so, yes, the library has quite a few physical books, but it also has manuscript collections. the papers of 23 presidents from washington, the coolidge supreme court justices, notable figures, rosa parks, frederick douglass, all of these people that we know about in history. but also music legends george and ira gershwin, jonathan larson max roach. so go on the website and long llc echo. i think you'll be surprised. can anyhow, two questions. how do you work with local libraries and can anybody get a library card for the library of congress? if you're and older you can get a reader's card and that allows

you access to the here. [cheering] president trump here. [cheering] we got detroit tigers for the series win tonight. [cheering] and red wing home opener. a big birthday year for the economic, 90 years for incredible speakers and that will continue today. if you are not a member, give me a few minutes to convince you. your next job, right here in

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president of university of michigan to get your tickets. nine is presidents and tons of presidential candidates. nixon, ford, carter, bush 41, clinton, bush 43, obama and trump and today trump again continue that tradition. [cheering] did the problem target, i'm going to do so by introducing our siding officers to come out investors to the uae from 2019

board member, an amazing support and has done so much for so many in michigan. and please during the economic club. [laughter] >> what a great looking about. having had the honor working for president trump, i can assure you he is exactly the kind of person you want to go to battle with no fear, the tip of the

spear and a man who gets things done. during his four years in the white house, achievements many of which were brought low public and private sector together, all of executed you might even say he built a prospering economy that listed real wages for people our nations lowest level. also tackled inflation and they brought under control for those four years and couple of decades. more than any other president in

modern. a first president in 30 years to avoid starting a new war. [applause] he ushered in a legacy by rebuilding depleted military. should have won the nobel prize for diplomatic breakthrough in the middle east and abraham accords. the policy and avoided and inevitable war with north korea. changed the bipartisan consensus on china in congress and flip the script.

he convinced our allies that they needed to share more of the nato burden. have them basically at their. the wouldn't have had october 7. you may not know. with donald trump for the first time much like 12 shortly before he became the republican candidate for president he met to discuss his forthcoming policy on its role in making america great. i observed really individual much distinctive patristic that i was immensely impressed with.

first, intently and patiently for my ideas you fraction directly in my eyes. graphs what i was saying and thoroughly canceling into the session and how we bring those middle-class jobs back to america. he asked provocative and insightful questions and he and i can work together. festival, there was intellectual tension. it helps with nativity and problem solving but even more

within the oval office invited me is best just before my departure. that's what i learned peace and prosperity for the middle east. ultimately would like role in the exchange, he floored me and he, what can i do to help? the president of the united states asking how he can help me do my job. clear and unwavering support breaking the code laying the groundwork for the abraham accords and the promise for the first time and our lifetime of

peace in the middle east. trumps vision and policy did make america great again the world a safer place. it's my honor to present my former boss, 40 the president of the united states of america, donald j trump. ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪

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♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ >> thank you, john. wonderful to be back in the united states. the economic club. i was here. going to do it again.

we are going to do it again. affected by the hurricane as you know, it was a rough night also the people of north carolina, georgia, south carolina and tennessee and hurricane haley, quite a combination. i like to congratulate florida, ron desantis georgia and carolina. and they've done a fantastic job. it's not done what you're supposed to be doing. unjustly a house and much more

importantly and they were many many and georgia and north carolina. order will rebuild and come back strong very soon, they will be there very soon. make sure that we make the bed into good, that's what we like to do. just announced that inflation came in substantially hotter than expected last month. "was predicted from food prices going up. interest rates, as you know are also a big factor. the gone from 2% and i was in office and present now you can't

get that money, that means it's much higher than 10%. we have a lot of young people in college people in the federal reserve interest rates down to quickly and everyone knows it was a political way they tried to do but they did the wrong thing. start to rise about four years ago when i left office, we had no elation with the entire four years so when people, it was really their money and get back to source know nothing about including biden and harris because of inflation, the economy has been a total disaster. kamala says she can't think of

one two days ago and very unfortunate worker and there are many people particularly and like scott, on wall street the stock market on because donald trump is doing very well in the polls look like he's going to win. [cheering] the only way and the suffering is to vote for change and we are doing, we are being scoffed at and. [laughter] around the world. the other big news devious together with the democrat party for you to get it with them which will go down as the single biggest handle and broadcast history. a big story, i don't know if

you've seen in. the real answer kamala is very crazy. nobody knows, it was that to replace it, they've never done that to me. they should place it having nothing to do with what she said before. another thing and put it in there, nobody has ever seen anything like it. nobody has ever seen anything like it. they wanted to look as possible, want her to look better. the big problem in our country is faced news, a recent thing where as an example the new york times, he wrote a piece about me and one of the many things he said was wrong but said that i

would go around saying that i was honored here is about as a man of the year or whatever and i talked about the car industry, many years before iran for president, 18, 20 years ago. never honored here. i didn't remember that specifics 20 years ago. much like kamala, she said she worked at mcdonald's and left i didn't want to get into that simulated with that defendant when it was like 19 years -- it was a long time. i was honored. [laughter]

right here. nice-looking young guy but it was a long time ago so this was an update of article. oakland county jail. [applause] day, fundraising in the military awards at the dinner. he was honored. here's the article right here. take your time. whatever they say, believe the opposite. [laughter] is killing our country this kind of stuff, killing our country.

it is terrible. i want to thank the president of the detroit economic, steve, a wonderful guide as well as congressman john james, david fisher, michigan senate republican leader, eric thank you, eric. you very much, how are we doing? i hear we are four points up. thank you. michigan, house provoking leader thank you, was john there? well. we have. the. you very much, a great guy.

many of you know him very successful stand up next to be the father of tiffany's husband, michael. a very exceptional young guy. she is an exceptional young woman and she's going to have a baby so that's nice. [applause] thank you for being here. thank you very much. many other english guests. we have distinguished democrats. good for everybody but i'm here to talk about a subject that's always been dear to my heart, saving the u.s. auto industry, that's what i spoke about in oakland many years ago.

stealing your auto industry years ago, you got to stop it and we have to make it bigger and better than ever before and i've been reading about detroit. it's coming around, coming around. everybody tries so hard but the auto industry bigger and better and stronger. you will come by its own one. i would be the way doing. make the auto industry, bring it back to work. that's my goal and i'm laying out a policy that will deliver life and very good at this over my life so my goal is to see u.s. bottom making industry even

greater the center of action for generations where the world was. one after the next, the corvette, the pontiac deal. i have two of them, actually. i had that gto, i thought i was the hottest guy around. [laughter] we didn't have all of the competition then. so proud to have the corvette. i never got a corvette. i was left behind i had my gto from top down. in those days my hair waved. [laughter] i go back here would be waiting. look at taking a?

nobody. [laughter] today am a little more careful. little absurd. cover it up. [laughter] it was great. fantastic. but here is will the muscle car, the median so much you made the american article, he was the american dream. michigan, auto workers in our nation, what washington did their and they were terrible. he lost nearly four politicians gave is disasters which terminated china's entry into

the world trade organization, very expensive detroit here and to 50000 jobs including. what is anyone's and then i got to be much higher than that. detroit was decimated. this was a foreign army invading us. people, clearly brilliant people the candy out of the pockets just as she taken from a baby. factories left in ruins, beautiful hotels. homes were abandoned and by the time i came into office with the 16, the michigan auto industry was taking for help and it was

at the last breath of life and they had to move quickly. he will not have any auto industry. it was all gone. lucas fast is that, unwilling to do things you're not going to believe. he a lot, he had taken it. foldable in certain countries nobody did that, i will put tariffs on you get your post i will tell you. very much left and learn specific ownership strike north auto industry, have been left, a disaster. if you remember hillary clinton

and obama confident and when i did it, she came out against it because he said his regular in favor of it said and also against it why was there so no tax on tips and two months later amalek came out and said no tax on tips. it didn't go well. my country. [applause] the u.s. embassy came a great job. i have talked about that very much.

mexico and canada. the trade deal which was disaster. the auto industry takes most of its money, you have no auto industry and the only reason is the tale on every single one -- if you didn't have the tariffs, about and put us tariffs and you wouldn't have it, every single one of the detroit and guaranteed we have a business, 50% of the trust, 50% and almost all the money and take it back

there i want to be extremely active. they came to see you and will be interesting. perhaps most important, 27-point seven% tariff on all chinese automobiles which largely kept them from the market and cap detroit in business cap china, chinese cars out of america and we had to do it because when they come in, they take over everything and you would have no car manufacturing adult. i met with a lot of resistance between the lobbyists and everything, it's brutal getting people to go along with you it's brutal even if your own thing but they get paid a lot of money so i want to say, or welcome we

have the basis. >> if you look at your of, chinese cars have been drowning because of me, they are not drowning, very few of them. when they do come in, they pay a lot of money in the biden administration is thinking of taking that tax often of the takeoff, wave goodbye to your auto industry in the worst new leader in the history of our country for any business, i do know -- a disaster but your industry will be done quickly under my leadership, half a million brand-new manufacturing jobs including 30,000 manufacturing jobs right away. we saved and got it going and that was nothing compared to what we are talking about now,

nothing because we had covid coming, their cars for the first time many years going down, down, down the trade deficit and automobiles by 6.8 billing dollars and had to do it on the fly. we had to do it best because no industry whatsoever, whatever you have now, it's a fraction of what used to have in the glory days. i call them the glory days when we were the greatest in so many ways going to not let that happen. i hope the deal doesn't close, i won't let that happen that might and imposed the tariffs on china and steel.

50% tariffs, that largely stopped it. and i have no wars other and i finished off very quickly. [applause] you have to make planes and everything else you have to do and we don't want to be in a position where you have a problem and we need china to help us, it could be a serious problem. in the middle of a conflict to but the conflict with china, we get along with russia and ukraine and we got one settled

and i don't think we will have a problem israel like october 7 would never have happened. they would never have gone into ukraine he. manufacturing and 22. twenty-two out of the last three months, we are losing jobs every month. they lost nearly 50000 manufacturing jobs this year alone. our sales are down by 38 all share domestically with cars and drop significantly in the trade deficit and automobiles exploding by nearly $50 billion, the worst thing ever had. their cars in the speak is going out of business, going out of

business. nothing to do with me. i stopped mexico which is becoming second china. i stopped mexico from her claims all of the business, we lose all of those jobs in michigan south carolina places. it's been so bad new line this area you need any. just day, it is incredible. it would have been easy start. how much money will they are going to make, lobbyists and

others. they make a lot of but they give a lot of other way. i wanted to give it to. we are not going to have this horror to continue. the nightmare for the american auto worker. [applause] >> a poll just came out today. i said that's all? a poll but they call it a democrat whole so they say or points, it means more but i think we're doing well and we are getting in every single state. in some cases a lot.

very quickly. [applause] if you vote for trump, and you will see a mass exodus of manufacturing jobs but mexico. from shanghai to beijing to right here detroit. [applause] and they will be going to places in like south carolina, tennessee. a lot of parts making dates in the car industry will have 11 songs the likes of which we have never seen before. ...

believe it happened. from a bab. that's how easy it was. now it's japan but as china and it's a lot of countries. this is one of the biggest reasons i ran for president in the first place. it was probably the auto industry that was most abuse. you with most abused, a lot of industries abuse. we stopped at the talent.

we're going to finish the job we really, really, really started because we had numbers

at the ambassador gave you some of them. i don't want to bore you but it they gave you some numbers that were unprecedented. i intend for triumph of the american auto industry among my greatest legacies. i wanted to be a legacy. i want american companies to not only dominate the american market but also the foreign markets as well. they buy summary of our cars. but you know the only buy them if they are made in their countries. china i don't object but president xi was and i would say is a a very good friend. we broke up a little bit, you know the weight friendships breakup. a thing called china virus roque is up. i think that's understandable. cost the world about $50 trillion and tens of millions of lives all over the world. i think that's the reason but i thought that every good relationship with, very strong,

smart man. he strong and smart. maybe he wants to take your auto industry. so does every other leader of the country. it what you take industry. all of our industry and were not going to do that. we will not that the play that game. it's not even hard and you'll understand that in a moment. i want chairman of car companies to become american car companies. i want them to build plants and america. otherwise i would rather not have their cars here. instead of american workers worrying about losing their jobs to foreign nations i want for nations to be worried about losing their jobs to america. it's going to happen. it's going to happen. going to happen. and hope the democrats will go along with us but we'll get it done one way or the other. i hope they're going to go along with us. so many things they don't like. photo id, why are not the opposing voter id? democrats don't want photo id. and what you cheap but they

don't i said oh, they don't want to first, i thought i was seeing things. i thought i was like i didn't hear that when i first started this, would say the democrats will not approve voter id and it's only gotten worse. gavin newsom, the governor of california just passed a bill, he signed a bill that you're not even allowed to ask anybody whether or not they are voter id. not only can't you use it, you can't even ask, i think it's a crime or something. i could ask the secretary of state. no, i think it's a cry. i think it's a crime if you ask somebody do you have id voter id? let's lock that guy up. in other words, it's not a crime to vote illegally but it's a crime to ask whether or not. there's only one reason for that. you know the reason? cheating. they want to cheat. only one reason, crazy. no country in the world as a policy like that.

mail-in voting is all gone all over the world. all these things that we still fight over they are all gone. we have to win a big election and we will straighten it out but we got to straighten it out because you used to things, in good elections. it would be nice to have a free press that we don't have at all. we have a terrible press but those three things we have and where to straighten it out. so here's the deal i will be offering to the world, to companies outside of our world, big companies, powerful companies that have become a powerful because we were stupid. we were stupid. we allow them to come and raid and rape our country. that's what they did oh, he used the word rape. that's right, raped our country. the united states will give you the lowest taxes, the lowest energy cost we have more liquid gold under our feet than any other country in the world and

it's the best, it's the best. we have the most and we have the highest quality. we had the lowest regulatory burdens and they -- i cut, i cut regulations more than any president in history. in a four-year term i cut more than any president i four times they say, four times. i let the country to what they have to do. a lot of those regulations have been put back on by crooked joe and by kamala and it angers me so much because it's so bad. people shake my head backstage sir we are the best for years we've ever had and now they're dying. they think comes only people tell me out of business. free access to the best and biggest market on the planet, or going to give anybody that comes in for access to the best and biggest market anywhere in the planet that year. we've got to keep us away because if we keep like this we would not have the best or biggest market for long. but only if you make your

product. erica. in other words, you get all of these assets but just to make your product here in america and jeff to hire american workers. if these companies don't take the deal you know we are lowering the taxes way down, then you have to pay a tax when they or tariff when they send their car or prodded into the united states and we will use the hundreds of billions of dollars and terror of dollars to benefit the american citizens and pay down our debt. in short, a period of time it's going to be very quick. think of it, and a short period of time our deficit of about 1.8 trying dollars i've heard it was to tell you, it's a bit anywhere close to visit by the way, $2 trillion a year will be reduced to practically nothing and eventually our country will be making substantially more money over and above costs and we will start a massive debt

reduction and also further tax cuts. in other words, what i'm doing is i took it from almost 40% your taxes, i reduce them to 21% so that small corporations everybody, even inheritance tax or a death tax, if you have a small business and you want to pass it on to your son and daughter, if you love them, if you don't love them i would say just don't even bother listening to this part. is anybody in a group that does not love their children? where you want to raise your hand and say sir, please don't waste our time with this. but when the assumption you want to leave it to your children, then you have no, death tax. what to do in that immediately. it really pertain to farms where farm could be valuable but they don't have cash. a valuable farm, lovely farm and want to be farmers. great way of life. people love it.

they would want to do anything else but they left the farm and have to pay a tremendous tax and a borrowed the money from the bank and within two or three years in many, almost -- 2% of the time they say they end up losing their farm to the banks. i get rid of that. there's no estate or death tax at all or the farmers and small business owners. they want in that. it's a big deal. but i brought it down from almost 40% to 21%, and now, and that makes us very competitive. don't forget the world it's like states used to be. the world people take their businesses and they are loyal to their stockholders and in many cases the people who run the big business are not american. they couldn't care less for our country. they follow the dollar or they follow we have to keep them following the dollar by the way, keep them following the dollar. that will be another thing because we're losing that fast.

we are losing that fast. but we're going to bring it down. we brought it down to 21. that made us competitive. not the best at all but competitive. now i'm bringing it down to 15%, but that's totally subject to you building your product, making your product in america. and i had calls -- so were getting it had 15 15 and nowu just the most competitive of the event certainly for a big country but you just about the most competitive at 15, that's the beauty. they will all move back, they will all be back. they are all come back and then we will protect them so they don't get hurt with tariffs on people that are not building here and they're going to come and they will build you because do want to pay those tariffs. so we will build this policy and is called build it in america plan. it's build it in america because when foreign leaders and ceos, up to complain about our tariffs, my answer will be very

simple. build in america, you don't have any tears. build a brighter in detroit. you can have any terrorist. you look in dearborn dearborn or lansing or grand rapids or flint. you don't have any taxes. you don't have any taxes or tariffs or anything so were going to take that, we were going to take that. remember we started at 40. i do and said you will never get it down to 30. i got it down to 21 and that caused the biggest renaissance in history of our country. we had the greatest period of success in the history of our country. we did more revenue at 21% than we did at close to 40%. people were going wild. businesses were flourishing. small businesses were going through the roof. big businesses, i was allowing them to have hundreds of billions of dollars, apple as an example, they brought in

hundreds of billions of dollars. we had restrictive covenants with a couldn't bring money back into our country. two reasons. the tax was too high. it was a ridiculous know when he would do it. you had to pay 50, 60% tax. they said we will just leave it there and we will develop in europe or asia wherever the money was. but think of this. we brought in trillions of dollars because they made it possible. i made the tax rate fair. reasonable like a reasonable person would bring it in for reasonable tax. also i made the bureaucracy very easy. they had to hire for different law firms to get the money back if they wanted to bring it back. so what i'm proposing very simply been is a 15%% made in america corporate tax rate come cutting get from 21% of all the way down to 15% but only for those who make their product in the usa. very simple and beautiful. and i was on -- and and i wd

by a couple of the top people in wall street. i sort of know a lot of them. they said who gave you that idea? it's so simple. i said you know, it's a great idea. i have another one coming up for you that you're going to let just as much. you're going to love maybe more. you've got a big one coming towards the end of want to save it for the end so where you will stay around, be so happy. and the needles you're sitting on right? i have one coming data think it's just incredible but this is something that is going to revolutionize our country because it's not only auto companies bigots also others but by the think in particular this is going be something that is going to really lead to the renaissance in detroit. and in a country but in detroit. this place will be blooming. this place is going to be blooming. and when you couple that with what i'm going to say a little while, , it's going to really be blooming.

so u.s.-based carmakers and manufacturers will also be rewarded with expanded research and development tax credits, very substantial where they will be able to write off 100% of their cost of heavy machinery and other equipment necessary to build a plant. in the first year. [applause] and full expensing for manufacturing investment at all helping to build the sprawling state-of-the-art plant our country needs to be an industrial superpower the world to iafn to make split, he builds plants. that's what he does better than anybody in the world. and i said to him, he's a supporter actually. i said to her i want to see a plant. what does he really great out of plant. where we go? let's go see one. and he said we will have to go to mexico. i said what? we have to go to mexico. i said i don't want to see mexico. i want to see. he said the big ones are built in mexico, , building some realy

big lunch right now. you stupid -- your stupid leader, shawn fanning of whatever his name is, stupid stupid guy is blank of an all electric else. did you see the numbers and all estimates what's happening? you are losing their whole business. building the biggest plants in the entire world this guy builds them. that's what he's good at. if you build an apartment he wouldn't want to do it. he couldn't do it. he can build an auto plant or -- all top-of-the-line, all automatic. press the button in the plant opens up. biggest in the world. and you know his building them, china? their building thin at levels that nobody has ever seen before right across the border and they think they're going to make cars there and are going to put you all out of business and they're going to sell them across the border and the one that of attacks. they're wrong. they will pay a 100% or maybe even a 200% tariff because were not going to let them come in to

our country and destroy what's left of our auto industry because it's a failing industry just like it's a failing country right now. we are a feeling country. we are a nation to decline i hope you that. doesn't make me feel good to say but without going to be a nation in decline for very long. perhaps those important element of my plan to make america extraordinarily wealthy again has to do with reciprocity. it's a word that's very important in my plan because you know we generally don't charge tariffs. i did, i started that process it was so great with the fans and a small trucks et cetera i told you about. but we really don't charge and china which are just a 200% tariff. tariff. brazil is a big charger. the biggest charge of all is india. india is a real big charger. we have a great relationship with india. i did. and with especially the leader,

od, great leader, great men, brought it together. then a great job. they probably charge as much. i mean it will probably charge more than in many ways china but they do it with a smile and they do it sort of extra charge. thank you so much for purchasing from india. holly davidson came to the white house a long time ago during my third year, second-year and i met with them and they were based i guess in wisconsin. and i said house mrs.? good, good. what are the bad countries? indy is very tough. they gave me some others. why? terrace. i said why, why, what are they? and he said like 150%. some massive amount. do you. do you sell mini motorcycles? you think people want to buy harley anyway. no, we sell very few in india at the widest to go there. they said if you go there and

build a plant that we will not charge you anything. i mean you you can do whatever you want. i said i don't like that. lo and behold i see they went and then built a plant and now they do their business with india. they probably do it outside india, too. they built a very big plant. many countries they do that. all of a sudden you hear they're leaving milwaukee or leaving wherever they may be located. it's very sad to see. and it's so simple. i mean, this isn't like elon with his rocket ships land within 12 inches on the moon when you want it to land. or he gets the engines back. i said to them that the? isa engines three or four years ago. these things are coming, cylinders, no wings, another thing and they're coming out very slowly landing on a raft in the middle of the ocean someplace with a circle, boom. reminded me of the biden circles

that used to have, right? he would have eight circles and he could feel them up but then i heard he beat us with the popular vote. i don't know, i don't know, couldn't fill up the eight circles. i always loved the circles, they were so beautiful. there are so beautiful to look at pick in fact, the person that did that, i was the best thing about the level of that circle was, right, but he couldn't get people so used to have the press stand in the circles because he couldn't get the people. and the hardware loss. oh, we lost. we will never let that happen again but we had been abused by other countries. we've been abused by our own politicians, really more than other countries. i can't blame them. which have been abused by people that represent us in this country. some of them stupid. some of them naïve, and some of them crooked frankly. but interestingly it's often those allies that we consider to

be friends that have been the greatest abusers. we had some great abusers. i'll give you an example. the european union. sounds so nice, the european union of countries. oh, so nice. they are brutal. we have a $200 hundred billion dollars deficit within come now higher than that, to fiftysomething. and i got asked at the time angela, angela comedy chevrolets to have been the middle of berlin? oh, i do not know. perhaps, perhaps none. you're right, angela, you're right. how about frankfort? how many do we have? how many forced to have in frankfort? i don't think any. and yet they send their cars to us like like a bunch of due are. bmw, mercedes, volkswagen by the millions and millions and millions, and we're not doing that. we're not doing that crap anymore, okay? now they are going to have to play by our rules.

they are going to have to play by our rules. but chide of course was the biggest abuser. i mean they were a professional abuser. they did things to us and they go down as a developing nation. we are a developing nation. we are a developing nation to come just take a look at detroit. detroit is developing, detroit is a developing area. hell of a lot more than most places in china. so we're not going to let this happen any longer and i don't think it will be, i don't think it will be possible for bad politicians to stop it. i don't think so because we suffered too long and too hard. and i think much of it during my four years but felt that during the covid period it would not be the right time to be going doing this with countries that we negotiate with japan, renegotiate with south korea, we negotiated with many. but you with the covid everybody was just literally devastated by

that discourage come devastator is not the right time. i had to slow it up a little bit. i was hitting them real hard. shinzo abe was great. he was assassinated. what a great man he was. i went to him and i said i got down very well. usually a friend of mine, a great man actually. loved by the japanese people. he, you get sick. he had to take a leave of absence but he was going back and he would have gone back and easily gone back. he was just getting ready to do and he was, he was much better i think it was probably should avoid he had. and he was going back but i said to them, shinzo, we have to talk about trade. sorry to bring it up. i'm sorry. this is the most one-sided deal i've ever seen. you sent millions of cars to us and we can send you a car. they didn't accept any of our cars.

you send all of your farm products to us and you don't want to accept our farm products. i'm sorry, shinzo, we're going to have to negotiate something. he looked at me and goes i know. i said what do you know? he said well i know that you're going to be coming back to me, and i know it hasn't been fair. i said well, how did it happen? he said, well, we ask for things and the americans would agree to it. your representatives, your president. republicans to by the way. i'm not talking just democrats. he said we were friends. he would say this. i probably wouldn't say it if you want to rent not very nice, but he told the truth. he said, i said how did you get these deals? he said we would ask and they would approve. and we were amazed ourselves. but i knew you be coming to see me. and i said i have to see you,

shinzo. and when made and you deal with japan but we were stuck with an old once i couldn't negotiate as good as i know but we made it palatable and we're going to really make it palatable when this one came up. but he was great but he looked at me i'll never forget it, quite, he said he called me donald, donald, i knew, i knew that you would be coming back because i knew that you understood it. but he also said that other people didn't. you know, actually it was quite sad actually. and it's that way. i would look at these deals and say who, who integration of these deals? so bad. amazingly even exist but we have 36 trillion in debt we do have a 36 children, we can't forget that sosa like og, that's been like we've been all a bit unlike your something. no, for years and years and years we've been accumulating,

have these deficits that are monstrous. we had five, six, seven, 800 billion deficit with china just alone with china. and today it was announced we have the highest deficit we've ever had, almost $2 trillion, think of that. we have almost, and we have the highest deficit we've ever had with, with china and that won't last long. it's going to last long. we will be able to do something about it because china wants to do business with the state they think we're stupid, people. and then they see our president and then they see a person that is representing the democrat party and got no votes, was a first one out. she was the first window, thinking that she was a first without she never made it to iowa. 22 people run and she was a first want to quit and now she's running. but no one has ever had to run

against two people before. first i had to run against him after we had the debate and his numbers were not good and you know look like you is going to lose so they said you're going to lose. we want you out and eventually he agreed to go out. he didn't want to. he's a very angry man by the way. and he hates her. and then it was a question, a person who some people talked about and a lot of people, they had about 12 people and they put her in. 12 people plus or appeared she was done with her. she was rated 13. there were 12 people they want a more but they did want to be politically incorrect and they chose her and we are running against her. but if she gets and it will be a disaster for this country. basically if a country or any country is charging us terrorists, very important. reciprocal. their charging us terrorists for certain product or terrace at

all, if their charging us terrorists at all which almost all of them do, they would likewise charge them and we were quickly reciprocate. in other words, we have countries that are charging us 150% tariff and we charge them 2%. and actually went to a politician, a senator from the great commonwealth of pennsylvania. you'll figure it out because he wasn't able to run because i wouldn't endorse him because i called in the anti-tariff person. i thought he was not a bright person, and he was one of the few the said no, no, we cannot charge tariffs. i said but their charging as 150%. so can we charge them 100%? sir, no, we can't. why? it's not free trade. i said really not free trade? what about then? no, sir, it's that free trade. can we charge and 50? their charging us 150.

can we charge than 50? he said no sir, it's not free trade. i said you are either dumbest human being i've ever met or you're a crook. one or the other. and he is no longer a senator. he decided not to run. but it think it disgrace. i had a lot of problems with him. but basically one of two things will happen. they got to call us or i will call them and say look, we can continue to play this game or we can save a lot of energy and pain in bookkeeping and we were just all drop the tariffs. right? we were just all drop the tariffs. or we can get paid royally every time the shipment of their goods comes to our shores and we will make a lot of money. one way or the other we win. but it's reciprocity. i think that the most part they will drop the tariffs. right now they're not going to drop in.

we have, we have countries charging us 100%, 150%. think of it. and we charge them nothing. it's been, it's been a pillaging of our country. it's been a terrible, terrible thing. this is been going on for a long time. i started changing it a lot fast. i change it with a lot of countries are a lot of countries don't like me. i get all this bad publicity. switzerland doesn't like me. german doesn't like me. a lot of countries don't like me. they said could you like better? sleepy joe biden lara trump? i like biden better. yeah, because he didn't, let them do what he's doing. he doesn't have a clue, the guy. he just goes to sleep at 4:00 every damn day. he doesn't have a clue. and is destroyed come to destroy our country. you see, that's the real threat to the moxley, stupid people. that's the, our biggest threat to democracy is stupid people.

but there's a third thing that can happen and that's the fact that if they wanted to avoid this payment and this is the best thing of all, they can come in and build a plant or factory in the united states and spent all of their money and build an editor what country it is. they are going higher american workers and they're going to have a factor in the united states. and then you don't have to pay a tariff and would be beautiful to have job numbers like you've never had before. that's actually to meet the best of the three things. so it's a very simple thing to understand. and they've been doing it for years but they do it very quietly and they do it intelligently and a lot of people don't see what they're doing. as an example you want to sell cars in china, they tell you build your plant in china. if you don't build a plant in china we are going to charge a tariff, you know, you are never going to pay it.

so a lot of people go over to china as a build the plant reveal the question i have is where do we stop with reciprocity? because frankly we have much more to offer and they have been screwing us for so many years that we are allowed to get some of that back. so i say do we want to stop on an even basis? we won't do this, we won't do that or do you want to stop at a basis you will not do it to us but we'll still get you a little bit. that's where i am i think. and in the way they owe it to us, you know? in the way, in a way that though it to us because they have been taking advantage of us for decades. and in in a way and it's mads injured us. we are injured what an injured country, trade. you know, nato when i got there, 28 countries, they had at the time and only seven were paid.

the rest of them were not paying for their tank the small amount than it was supposed to pay including germany by the way. germany -- they said were stupid. were going to take of them anyway. why should they pay? a lot of countries felt that way. and i made the paper i said you got to pay. one person had a very close beating, press knew about the bit but they'd never reported because it was a good thing not a bad thing. so naturally you don't hear about that. but it was at a meeting and he's said, one of the countries, he said so does that mean if we don't pay, you will not protect us from russia? used to be the soviet union, now it's russia. sort of the same thing. i said that's what it means. you will not protect us? i said are you delinquent? yes. i say we are to liquid. i will not protect you under any form. you will not be protected. and the following day we took in

billions and billions of dollars. the money came in and stoltenberg, the secretary general, good man, he said it was a most amazing thing i've ever seen. obama would come and make a speech and leave. wish would come and make a speech and leave. trump would, and look at the statement and say -- were almost paying for all of them so we were getting screwed on nato and screwed on trade. i double. nobody else would've done this. this is crazy. so were protecting you and your taking advantage of us on trade. i said sorry, we're not going to take it anymore. but the money came. we took in hundreds of billions of dollars in data, hundreds of billions. and by the way they should be paying three to 4%, not, not 2%, okay. 2% should be much higher than that but, but that's up for whoever is going to be the next

president. i think kamala will not be high on her list. i don't think anything would i buy today will be high on our list. the whole country will be you want to know the truth? our whole country won't end up being like detroit if she is your president. you have a mess on your hands. she destroyed san francisco. she destroyed along with newsom, california. were not going to let her do that to this country. we're not going to let it happen. so we are the td bank that everyone wants. someday we will continue along the path. we have been really it's been an amazing path. it's been a horrible period of time but almost the last four years we will be i will tell you that if i get elected we will be piggy bank stronger than ever before but we will be a fool no longer.

we will, if you get her, lose our wealth. we will lose our power and will also lose our reserve currency status which will be like really losing a war. it really is that it will be horrible but we're losing it right now. you are losing your reserve currency, the dollar, the dollar. so may countries are not participating. look, china wants to take that over. that's one of the many things they want to take over. we can deal with china, you know? we can deal with china and we can deal with russia and we can deal with north korea. obama in a meeting prior to us taking over, when i took over, a ritual he said the biggest problem is north korea. and very quickly, it was nasty for a while, little rocket man, a lot of insults. remember when he said i have a red button on my desk. i said i have one, too, but mine is bigger and mine works.

he said that. if you were safe this is getting to be very heated and then he called and he wanted to meet and we met and i got along great with it. i hate to say because the press goes crazy when you say that but that's a good thing, that's a good thing not a bad thing. a lot of nuclear weapons. we got along very well. you had no problem. nobody was threatened after that. threatened now. you could very well end up in world war iii right now. very close to it. you were closer than ever. this is the closest we have come to world war iii. you are so close to because you have incompetent people in the white house. so that would reduce us if we lose the dollar. that would reduce us as to td world status very quickly. but again i would come in to play and tariff would come into play and i would call those countries that want to stay awake but they do business. they come in and they take our money and the take our jobs like weird like so easily. and i would call them and ai would say is a country, i i wd say ready to go to china with

their currency or someplace else but china is about 99% of the problem in all fairness. i would say to them if you do that, i'm going to hit you with terrace like you've never seen before. or i'm going to not let you trade with the united states and the good also hit you with terrace, , double whammy if you get anything through but you will not because we will not do any business with you. they would then call us and say sir, we decide we know the dollar very much and we're going to stay. that's what they will say. every single time. terrace are a very important thing. they need a pr agent to straighten out that word. if i was mr. terrace i was a please give me a pr agent. i have to straighten out. it's one of the most beautiful words in the whole world. it's going to make us wealthy again. the of the word is reciprocity is going to make us wealthy

again. we are going to be a very wealthy country very quickly. very, very quickly. you know our greatest wealth probably proportionately was in the 1880s and 90s and and early 1900s appropriate so much cash they would set up committees. they did know what to do with the wealth. we had such in this country. they did know what to do with their wealth. they had no idea, they would set up, with so much money all from terrace. there was a income tax. and then they went to the income tax stuff and it was a whole different story. and you had the depression. a lot of people said terrace may be caustic but it didn't. terrace came in 1932 after the depression. they tried putting terrace to see if they could save, , they said we got to save this thing. but it was, it was long gone, it was gone. i will do this with each and every abandoning country, they abandon us, many, they abandon our current and a reserve

currency will be stronger than ever before. we will have a good buddy in there. anybody will be happy to be in there including china. i told china the same thing if you want to play games with us we're not going to trade with you. you know they make $1 trillion to you with this. they built the military. they make so much money. i will say will not do any business, wilco cold turkey. a lot of people would like o with. we will go cold turkey and go with 100% and 150% terrace so painting does get through you will have to pay terrace. china is very smart i'll tell you. when you put the terrace on this deal they were very unhappy if it didn't come. they said it doesn't matter, we are china. i said oh, it doesn't bother them, so ask them for more. that was my initial reaction. we started at 25%. i said they said it doesn't matter. and i said ask them for more. so we asked them for more, 10%. didn't bother them. that's what they said but it did bother them.

great poker players. it didn't bother them. i said well ask them for more. ask them for more, more until it bothers them. finally i got a call from president xi saying sangg us with the tariffs in the got along after that, you know? very strange but great poker players, great negotiators all this country great negotiators. doing one that one that isn't is the u.s. we are the dumb country. we like like a pot of golds rapidly shrinking so very much like i told them that if they buy oil from iran i would not be trading with them. you know iran was broke when i left office and i don't want them to be broke. i want them to be a strong country. i just don't want them to have a nuclear weapon. it's very simple. and you protect israel and, frankly, you protect the middle east or i want to protect the middle east, the whole middle east and i want, i hate see this

death to everybody. people that have nothing to do with anything are being killed all over the place. on both sides. nobody wants that. we have to protect everybody, and, and china didn't buy any oil. i sit if you buy one barrel of oil from iran, one barrel, i said then you are going to not do any business with the united states and we're going to impose terrace if you do get something through, very substantial over 100%. and they said we will pass. i told this to president xi. he said we will pass. they did do any business and iran, and they said this to many countries by way not just china. i mean many countries are worse than china if you really want to know the truth but china seems to be the one we talk about. but before i came along nobody talked about china. they had a free pass, they were going you know run silent, run

low, right-click you know that expression, submarine. nobody knew but i woke up our country a little bit but iran was broke. they had no money for hamas or hezbollah. and he did want to see the broke. broke. i want them to be thriving outages had to negotiate. the only problem was he was the only problem. the election took place and it was very shocking to a lot of people. and when they took over they didn't do anything. they didn't do anything. they actually did the opposite. they are not anybody to go and buy oil. they allowed everybody to do all of those things and iran became very wealthy again. they now have $300 billion in cash. they. they are very wealthy. they control iraq which was a stupid move going right. remember i said don't do it don't do it don't do it.

but he said as the swing. then they did it. i said you've done it, keep the oil. they didn't do that either. so they go in envelope countries and then we leave. we got nothing except dead people over the place on both sides. how stupid are we? that was a changing deal and a bush. how stupid are we? not just democrats. it's both. i'm equally angry at both because we have humanity to think about also. you have humanity think about. all these things they never should have. ukraine should of never happened. october 7 should of never, should of never happened. if you would smart people at the white house that new something a little bit of something you wouldn't have happened. think of the world how different it would be. you wouldn't have ukraine-russia. you wouldn't have had october 7. you wouldn't have this horrible thing that's going on. you wouldn't have had inflation. you wouldn't have had the worst most embarrassing day on her history.

we would leave afghanistan come on the one one of confidenct would've kept bagram. gina why? it was when our with where china makes its nuclear weapons. one hour away. so you see the ideas and the policy are important but the most important thing of all is the messenger. because i could give that same message to a stiff and it wouldn't resident at all with the other side. you have to have the right messenger. somebody said we love trump policy but we don't want trump i think they do. he said women don't like, i think women loving because they want to be safe. with me they're safe. with other people they are not safe, that's true. so remember i want terrace but a very, very big easy and uncomplicated part of it is reciprocity because that comes along with it very simply. and all terrace against our nation must come off, they have to come off.

this got to come off immediately because we are going to meet them with an equal terrace and they will come off for the most part but if they don't have to pay a big price. so next in addition to this rather easy thing to understand by the way to say but understand this? does everybody, to understand it? is or anybody that doesn't understand? would you please raise your hand? raise your hand. is anybody not understand it. see how simple is that? i would like to see the person, i really don't, sir. they have a front page story. we had a a couple of dummies n the room. but we will implement further protections for critical industries that are fundamental to our national interests and those include above all steel and the car industry. the car industry is critical to us. we can't fight a war if we can't make cars and trucks in engines and transmissions and drivetrains. surrendering our car industry is

not an option. we have to make our car industry brilliant again. we have to make a bigger. i'm going to make it bigger than it was ever before. now i'm going to make it real very quick it's going to go but to bring it to that level i guess i'll need a little more time but i won't have the time but i'm going to have i'm good head of the people we're going to make this country so strong and is going to be so much easier to run. i do think we'll end up actually have a lot of support from the other party i really believe that. i think it's too basic. it's too basic. so as i said china is currently building gigantic auto plants in mexico and they think they're going to sell all of these cars into the united states which would destroy michigan, totally destroy your state. but it's not going to happen, not going to happen. not even close. they might as as a stop builg the damp plants. they are giants.

sir, you really have to see them. i said i don't want to see them. i will impose whatever terrace are required, 100%, 200%, 1000%. they're not going to sell any cars into the united states with those plants. they are building come close to our border so that they can easy shipping because the used to have stupid people to deal with. we are not going to let it happen. those jobs are coming back to michigan and they are come back to other states and their come back to her country and they're going to make america great again, that's it. and to that end i am announcing today that upon taking office ii will formally notify mexico and canada of my intention to invoke the six-year renegotiation provisions of the usmca that i i put in. that was the hardest thing. they did want that. they wanted to have it, but i wanted to, always like little tricks to they want to play. i said nope, i want to read

equation six years otherwise were not making a a gift and t it. i'm going to have a lot of fun. that will address these concerns. it will also seek strong new protections against strand shipment sunshine and of the countries could not smuggle the products and oil ports into the united states through mexico. to the detriment of our workers and our supply chains. they smuggle the stuff in. they don't pay anything. we are going to very strongly which on that. it's not hard what you know about it but nobody, no politician knows about it. you know when they signed nafta deal there were some mistakes made, typos, my typos. they were mistakes made. and they're going to take care of it the following day. 30 years later they said whatever happened? bike mistakes like one of the numbers, you know? which are always against us. nobody ever did he think about it except me. i terminated nafta.

that's a pretty big thing. a lot of people city would be impossible to do. i got it done and with a great deal. now will have to do is make it much better even. we will be able to do that very shortly but while i have the build in america plan, kamala harris has the build in china plan. build in china. she is -- her plan is so stupid. every policy she rewards compass for shipping jobs overseas, most significantly kamala is a giant tax hiker. the tax queen they call her is demanding a shocking i didn't even know to be honest with you, after watching her on 60 minutes and watching that horrible statement that she made, they called a word salad. i wouldn't like those words. really worse than that. but, but after watching that i don't think she is interested in 33 got a fix is in a gift was happening, okay? i think she's dumber than hell,

and we've had come we had enough of that for four years. we are not going to have any longer. because we are not going to be a country if we have. you will see that. you've got to see, no, you've got to see and to think that a member of the media under this big press corps where they get free licensing, they shouldn't have free licensing when they do that. and they change her answer. they take it out threw it away and put in a totally different answer in order to protect her and they get caught. cbs should lose their license. you know they have a license. they have license which is worth billions of dollars and they pay nothing. all of these networks are all crooked is helped you saw that with abc. they go after me, not her. they go after j. d. how good is j. d. doing?

they director j. d. but not this character, this character the calls himself knucklehead. i've never seen that in a debate except well he said knuckle, i don't want to say i am but i'm quoting here. it was a trump just called himself come that's a cook at the size actually it's amazing that he calls himself a nonpolitical and i would say you know he calls side of what you do the because if i said that they're going to safety, trump called himself a knucklehead. no, i don't, something backlit. i call myself some he wants to make our country great again. the tax queen is demanding a shocking 33% tax hike on all domestic production. that means anybody is going to do for country go to another country where they can pay 5015, 16, 18, 19%. it's not that complicated. she wants the largest capital gains tax, largest, think of

this in history of our country she even plans to tax unrealized capital gains. think of it, unreal, , think of what that means. it's an unrealized gain and she wants to tax it. how'd you do that? okay. she wants to tax and a lot of people are rich but they have no money, you know? they have good land or something when he put all the money in their business because they want to a business that's going to get better and better and grow and grow but the rich but have no cash. that had to go out and borrow a lot of money to pay a tax. there to get good appraisers, a lot of accounts. the only ones who make money is appraisers, accounts and lawyers. those people are all going to leave, all go to other countries. so if a company succeeds it must give a lot of its value to the government. and if it doesn't succeed the government doesn't take any risk. a don't lose but the dude is really this they lose all those jobs those important things. if the tax queen gets her way

every company and the united states will leave. they are going to leave. they are not staying here. such competition for companies. it's like a basketball player, baseball player, a football player. a lot of competition. no different. just bigger numbers. her $4.1 trillion tax hike is projected to reduce by 2%, race the typical families taxa by at least $3000 a year, lower wages by 1.2% and kill at least 1 million full-time jobs. other than that i think it's quite a good plan. it's just crazy. i will not let that happen to our country. i will keep your taxes low and your job numbers high. that's what i'm going to do. we had the highest job numbers in history in my administration. we are going to it look like peanuts. the theft of our companies

factories jobs and wealth by foreign countries is over. we're not going to allow it to happen anymore and many of those who left will be coming back and it will be coming back faster. it want to come back. they want to come back. i produced that with the money. they took, we took in hundreds of billions of dollars came back into our shores once i made the change in the tax law which had to get approved by congress believe it or not. reduced costs for both manufacturers and consumers. i will remove ten old regulations for every new regulation. every time we put under regulation. we cannot put it on and less, and i did that and that's what gave us we had it up very high, about 70 when it turned out and we had a pie. now we're going to bring it up to a newer level, a higher level. i will start by terminating her insane electric vehicle mandate on day one. it's killing our car industry.

kamala's ev mandate is giving gg u.s. auto industry. requires that within just a few years 67% of all new cars and trucks must be electric. and it doesn't work for trucks at all. because of their weight, the payload. doesn't work at all and because they can't go far. i was with the truckers recently because they came to see me because they don't know what to do. they say they want us to go all electric with trucks and i was with one man who was a giant in the industry, older guy come very smart, like 29,000 trucks come 29, i said what the hell,, 29,000? he said yes, sir. and i've been buying trucks for 50 years, and every single damn year those trucks got bigger and better and more efficient and more beautiful. they could carry more, payload.

they could do everything with your ever report an apartment on the structure he called an apartment, so the camp with it but these things where they can live. and he said those damn apartments that were so beautiful that you would love to live in one of them. he said i don't know, i'm going to -- i'm going to leave mar-a-lago move into the back of a truck, but it's a beautiful. i can think of worse things to be honest with you, pretty cool travel all of the country. he said they get better. so that i said what's wrong with the electric? he said we go from new york to los angeles we have to stop six times and you will never find a charger. but assuming your charges, which you won't have, they built as you know, big story, it charger someplace in the midwest. they spent $9 billion.

this is like a gas pump with electricity in it, right? boom. they spent $9 million in three of them don't work. now if you did the whole country at that rate, it would cost you $10 trillion, 10 trillion. but they said we had to stop six times and they are long stopped them much longer than filled it up like a tank. he said with a big load of diesel we can go all the way and we can even start coming back without a stop. and the truck gets lighter as you go along. the other thing he said that people don't know is that an electric truck would be two and half times heavier because batteries are very, very heavy. and that would mean you'd have to rebuild every bridge in the united states of america because they're not designed for that kind of a wait. so, so every bridge in the united states would have to be rebuilt. and also he said, a couple of the little problems. he said the batter is a big it would take a lot of our payload.

we would lose 40% of her payload. we would have to battery and there instead. i said so when you tell them this if you're a child and summary said that he was okay let's think about in ten years or 20 years from now. doesn't work. he said we tell them. they said we don't care, what, order all electric trucks. this is like a dictatorship. these people are sick. that he want to make our army tanks all electric. i saved the army tanks up in ohio where they make them. and because i i hate the factt they were closing. i got called from the great jim jordan congressman from ohio in lima. they have a plant that manufacture the army tanks they were going to close it. and i looked i with their, the complexity, the talent, the people that working there was incredible. and i said we are not closing this plant. now it's the number one producer, it's incredible. by now you want to make hardly

tanks that are electric. because you want to go into a country and blast the crap out of it in an environmentally friendly way. these people are crazy. and the problem is the electric battery is so big and so heavy that it would have to be in like a wagon that a child falls behind the tank. they pull in, they pull in a battery and it would have to be and it doesn't work. it would make everything electric. and yet think about it. they want to make everything electric but, i'm a big fan of elected. i think it's great, certain applications. elon musk endorsed me powerfully. okay? we love them. and you know, and his product is incredibly in fact, he's doing a new product today. no steering wheel on it. you know that? he's out in someplace announcing a new product with no steering. i said that wouldn't be for me but it's at the future? he knows. i'm giving him full credit.

.. and said could you stop talking electric cars? will it will work better and you are probably going to be located in china. we have more oil and gas, liquid

gold so why would we do the batteries? liquid gold so we want gasoline propelled cars. even worse than that oppose one 100% fan on gas powered cars and trucks. ban them which with killed an estimated 200,000 jobs on every job have in a place called michigan. you get the idea? of man, not going to allow them to be made. our system, trucks it will not work. maybe in 20 or 30 years, who knows? but it's not going to work.

depression entire industry to china for electric cars and trucks, the auto industry would be nonexistent. this is one of the major reasons i've been overwhelming doors, the rank-and-file remembers right here in michigan nation wide. one 100% one person in the whole country who endorsed this. policeman is in the country. for the biggest group in the country and every law

enforcement group, and. she wants open borders. she wants people pouring into our country and destroy our country. they put a little truck out there. you hundreds of thousands of people coming into our country the rank-and-file uaw members. they are there for us and the united autoworkers and and represents by allowing the government of the united states and all electric mandate.

my first day in office and go back to making electric cars, gasoline powered cars and anything else that comes over time because they are unrecognizable. violently you would never recognize her again and somehow out of focus, they were working quite well. disaster for families to comply and jacked up the cost of gas powered vehicles. toward the very expensive

electric under the raised the prices so kamala gives rich people 700,000 -- $7150 toward electric cars. for entry-level are you powered by gasoline and i will reverse this on day one, bb mandate is one of the most demented regulations perceived. we have a lot of them this is about as bad as it gets. manufacturing drinking immediately for the supply chain. destroy our electric grid and military and roads and bridges the are too heavy. destroy the state of michigan

being destroyed middle-class. sonia from soliciting any state level mandate and gas powered cars. it's very, vote for trump. the gasoline engine for a long time. going to be here for a long time. very little pollution. amazing what they've been able to do. it's what people want. it's what people want. store and we have to let them wealthy again. not give money like they did and the energy policies cause inflation being give so much

money illegal. they've already spent that money. they paid for it because of the cost of inflation for them. kamala's inflation catastrophe cost the typical family $29000 so inflation has cost them $9000. new and used car prices are up 29%. interest rates for new cars has doubled and tripled and quadrupled. repair and maintenance 32%. car insurance payments, is going on with that, of one 100%. by driving up prices and interest rates, inflation disaster are payments way up for sales way down, numbers are terrible, by the way. for the first time ever, oil is

now over $1000 a month. the workers wage this to have an average car, a catastrophe for the american dream and desire crisis for autoworkers. one of my top priorities would be to defeat inflation and make america affordable again. /relations and wasting wasteful spending and energy production. it happened very quickly. this will drive prices down lower interest rates put more money into the pocket he consumers bring the grocery bill down the word grocery everything

and complains about that and, triple, quadruple as part of the effort major access for workers including no tax on tips. no tax on overtime or social security benefits for our seniors. [applause] here, about before the reason you're sticking around today mind? a little longer speech because it is a big subject no, sir, they love it. one gentleman over there but he came back, he went to the bathroom. [laughter] the fake news take a picture of one empty. people are fleeing. nobody's playing, nobody's legal.

thank you very much make america great again, enjoy yourself. me sometimes i lose the teleprompter 32 days until the election 32 days. i just lost she's 32. thirty-two. [laughter] thirty-two. [laughter] is it what happened to her? [laughter] the teleprompter back on. thirty-two days to the election in 5% to 10% sometimes in front of 80000 people and lose a

teleprompter. you got to wing it. you know what you have to do. the teleprompter. how about biden's? they do go off especially outside, the wind is going, and it was like 45-mile an hour, miserable. i can't believe first place when i made that and it's on back-and-forth and they blew off the stage. i'm stuck. [laughter] we have just lost our teleprompters, i hope you enjoy the rest of the speech. we were in the speech and all i know is we will this is what you've been waiting for because today i'm announcing that is part of our tax cuts. we will make interest on car

loans slowly deductible. [cheering] so in the car industry, i met a lot of them backstage. what you do? i'm in the car industry's. very knowledgeable person. he said he senate all his life. in various. where did you come up with that idea? is the coolest. somebody comes up with a and everybody says what did they get that but somebody came up with all the money but the he said with the car industry, never thought about that deductible, that is going to revolutionize

your industry and simulate all production and make her ownership more affordable for millions of working american families, a phenomenal thing. if i do say so myself back like set idea? that great likewise they help small businesses afford the work vehicles they need to get the job done, we will develop the amount of equipment investment under 179. we'll get tremendous deduction of the. great for small businesses and fortune general motors and great for them and sell cars and trucks and work bands like never before. the self so much and another guy

would have gotten them. this is how bad they are, they are evil. biden would have gone i have an idea but he doesn't have those ideas any. half a million dollars of paycheck and can't pay so as we protect gas powered cars american energy prices way down past they won't go out and we are going to track, frak, crack. drill, baby, drill. kamala harris will get fossil fuels, she has no idea why. she has no idea but she's been against that but kamala harris is doing the opposite waging war on american energy imposed a natural gas sport about before,

she is cutting down power plants across the country, ruining our electricity pricing and are grid, destroying our great, prices were sore i one 100% driving us into third world status and as she forces us to only buy electric cars. the electricity. in california, brown or black every week. still old rope, no electricity. this idiot governor over there that is. i don't know, for real. the black and brown all the time nobody wants to go one 100% electric cars and that if somebody wants to build, a plan

to make electricity, he make it possible. were they doing? destroying our entry. if this continues manufacturing will be dead. you will have any any fracturing because as the industry goes and the energy, there goes businesses. as your president on my balls the maximum energy production to achieve low prices make the united states into -- i want to be a manufacturing powerhouse. more powerful than before. a.i. is a new industry. interesting but china want to and other countries wanted and would got to be the. to compete with china electricity we have right now so

take all the electricity we have in the little for that, very big but unbelievable amounts of electricity, i will the price, electricity and has. twelve months from any rate 20 is, take office january 20, your electric bill including air conditioners, heating, everything, total electric bill will be 50% less. up next in the past. don't need to shifts and build something pipelines and it is safer but we're going to get this in within one year will have electric bills and energy

bills and 50% cheaper than it is right now. that's a big thing. [applause] we will seriously expedite environmental approvals, just google. they use the environmental approval to stop and quickly double electricity. this will drive down inflation and make america and michigan as we bring back our auto industry and you will see an industry that will come back. the laws and regulations and taxes and consultations with other countries made it impossible for. protect america.

and produce it all. the comments and some people do, i don't know. and a little hunter biden and harris and a lot of chinese vehicles. they are destroying europe. and that can be swapped in the second world war nobody can

believe it the year, work. we are going to get back to a position in auto parts and bring back any fracturing and the destiny. back is you and american cars first, american factories and put the american people first the first time in a long time. so he felt treated badly north carolina and other states from.

on april 1, the simple policy. our new industrial revolution among thousands of factories will open up. they have suffered so terribly in the numbers of the auto industry collapsing. inflation will come down. all throughout the world again some people will move big cities and dartmouth we will find the new frontier the american way of living bring back like

outstanding here the center of this once great city by the end of my exams the entire world will seek talking last the michigan your whole reversal of his right. that will happen. we will rebuild our country unite our country with an and american hands i want to thank you all for being here, a great, such an important day working on the subject for so long. i watched politicians for this area and in the city and its so easy to fix your going to fix it better than ever thought possible. on top of all that you have to answer some questions. i'll answer some questions.

thank you all very much and we appreciate it. [applause] [applause] >> that's a tremendous amount of information we will answer questions, give answers most of them already. you've done a great job. what i thought it would do is jump to personal questions. a voice and intrigued with little anybody like you in my lifetime to keep going and going in spite of negative responses and enforces, how you do it?

>> like a bullet to the year. did have two and and and despite on the stand exposing him the son and in cancer, all over the world that beverly usually with you where it was. i know your children and i have been impressed with their values

and lifestyles great job me and you mentioned creating an environment where we can pass it on to our children. what did you do to make them responsible? >> there's more children. you love them just as much but i have smart children and they have been good but i've always felt, no drugs no alcohol, no spirits. no drug, no alcohol and they fill out ivanka would say stop telling that.

i that i will tell it to you every time i see you. i'm going to drive you wild. no drugs, no alcohol and i would say that i hope -- who knows, right? ability to and in many ways, they tell me and i had a great brother, a wonderful guy but an alcohol problem and he said don't ever drink alcohol. he was -- and he smoked and i put cigarettes and almost that same category but certainly not good for you but i seem, children with the best they got hooked on drugs or alcohol.

many of them are dead, many died. the fentanyl coming in, i will get that, president xi jinping by the way and i said you have to impose the maximum penalty and i would talk about trade. i said we are just not going to get oil and trade. hence i can do things to talk about, i want to do it but and i had a handshake. he was going to impose maximum penalty of people's lives all of it comes mexico and maximum penalty is the death penalty imposed transfer power and so that went down the tubes but one of the first thing, they were

going to get the death penalty to anybody in this country and that will solve a lot of the problem. i like saying this but i've seen in a lot of countries, ideal of all of them and i know all of them in the only ones who don't have a drug problem with the ones with the death penalty. we can set up blue ribbon committee's, and to stop these drug lords who are very smart and people from york and they just want a part of whatever it is. only ones the ones who have the death penalty and what they do to our country. on average, he or she can't male or female will kill 500 people

what and the families -- i know families and they have never you talk to them and years latest, and better? no, it's not worse they tell me and because thinking too much for the american people to go but i will say, the only countries that solve their drug problem, china, i said the first time i met him, i said do you have a drug problem? no, no, no. close to a billion people and why don't you have a drug problem? he says death penalty, quick trial. with a quick trial?

the dealer is medially -- they don't have nine years of legal and another nine years. forty-two years later. he said trial what is quick trial? immediate quick trial they say let's get out of here fast. they don't play games. they even send a bullet. vicious but they have no drug problem. they had a drug problem for centuries poppy fields. countries were taking them on that they were being decimated. stop years ago and it was the death penalty.

blue ribbon and madison avenue but i will tell you, it is a waste of time. the only thing that's going to stop, 19%, that's great but not like they got it done and we work, we had so much security. german shepherd so that millions of dollars for the machinery didn't have a dog in a certain german shepherd, the sense of smell is so incredible, it's nothing michael gerson. we washed it closely and dogs to this incredible, expensive machinery. good, not great but not nearly as good 19% will and that was it

with the death penalty, you eradicate drugs in this country and talk about it you think of it, average of 500 people. everybody in this room knows that's a lot of people when they lost a child a father for her mother, but held, fentanyl and that wouldn't have happened had the death penalty and he will have to tell us they are ready for it because it's a pretty big step. he mentioned abraham accords and israel, this community is one of the largest in the united states. and a thriving large community.

your inauguration, what will you do to accelerate the abraham accords in the middle east? what can we do at this time but majority going and going forward? >> it's got to change. also the abraham accords, but we did that and nobody believed it. we had four important countries early on and we would have had all of them. and i think we would have had every and if you can believe it, i believe it because you and the opportunity and they view it perhaps differently but i would not nearly they do it making good luck neither. new training plea to have the world he. will we are not smart people because it doesn't make sense.

there countries going to work and i'd say not going to do business with the united states for centuries of go and killed a lot of people. crazy but i stopped a lot of people of the abraham accords were important and you have legal rooms which and it should have been any countries right now where i left, we would assign people to do community disease to look for little but they didn't have the tell the administration to do it still in the agreement. it is greatly. named obama, i would have had a nobel prize given ten seconds.

got it and didn't even know what he thought four. what did they do? they did know what he did. he got the nobel prize for doing nothing. i got elected, to. if i think of it, the abraham according not possible, saying one, it was anybody else, liberal will and would have had it before it was as though you and not eliciting for it under saying that there's a lot of unfairness in this world and still you can have peace in the middle east. this was a start, i would have been so important if you could

have almost all the countries and maybe even have an. it would be the outlier but maybe even a ramp. could have gotten them all including iran and everybody that she would have had peace in the middle east and arabs getting them with the jews and everyone else. and they waste list great opportunity, so sad. >> traditionally the students in the audience today so once again and listening, limited finance the year 25-year-old self to give to young people today? >> i met some people backstage for young and they are great people, smart as can be from colleges and schools and i

listen to the speech by saying -- they'd really like to say here. they grew up here and then follow. i will say if i implement and i will be able to, when the election is, i would say right here and follow the grading train because in the area you want to become in this area because of politicians who didn't know what they were doing. let's see what happens in the election in this area will be thriving and probably almost no area in the country, one of the hottest areas in the country and a great job right here in michigan and you want to stay. the tell me backstage, i'd like to stay but there's no real jobs

and when you look at oral statistics with the autoworkers and what's happening in the industry but if we win, i would stay here and you'll be happy. he more than any other place in the country will. bring back the american dream for the young people. >> mr. president, thank you, i'm looking forward to all of the auto plant and the building here in michigan. on tv or on radio, somebody says the president was talking about you again, thank you so much and that is that of our program today, thank you. let's give the resident. [cheering]

[applause] [applause] ♪♪ >>ore live coverage later today he spent and here on c-span2 and the latest schedule going tour website, c-span.org. we take eventually govern the national book festival.coe >> it takes political power. first of all, what is political power come from? education, being aware of who the population is this a lot of

talk about first people to get on board the editorial. washing. i'm sure that was same for you. your journalistic career. but there are there and there happen this is a population that is little, little year by year. obviously, we've grown from two and a half million to 65 million in my lifetime. we are also going to college going to ivy league schools, becoming doctors, becoming people who you hopefully will see more and more the media. but that takes work and that takes people being more aware of the population and that takes coming out of the invisibility that i'm talking. so one quick question before we move on to our section for a q&a, because i know a lot of you will have questions. unfortunately, we don't have a lot of time for that. but a quick question. you know, immigrants like

myself, like many in the room here, have always this tension between assimilation and maintaining cultural identity. what is the case for u.s. born hispanics in terms of the challenge of keeping that cultural identity? huge challenge. challenge because there is such a thing as cultural attrition. it's not nothing new. it happened to the german-americans, it happened to the irish americans, happens to the swedish. we all blend eventually with latinos it's different because are an ethnicity that every racial mix in the book we are i mean and i have done my dna and. i have every racial down on me. i have black, african, i have indigenous, i have asian and i have caucasian. so, you know, are the biggest mix. we look like a variety unto ourselves. we are diversity writ large. just as a population and so the

attrition that comes with a driven american or a swedish american or a danish american is not going to be the same as for us because there is a racial component to our presence and a racial component, frankly, to the way that we are were kept out and. it's been not not too, too long ago we were kept out of in marriage that we were kept of bathrooms, etc. there were signs just as recently as the sixties when i arrived that that said, no, no, mexicans, no dogs. and so that would incline one to not be associated with latinos. i think that that's the cultural attrition is one thing. another thing that we're an

ethnicity that most intermarried i mean, pew research has done all this incredible work. i'm so grateful to them to to, you know. absolutely. pass the population that we are the population that most intermarry which is to say what that, you know, maybe in a household the two parents don't speak english are, don't speak spanish. excuse me. and also, you have to say that you and i, maria, we were born abroad. the great majority of were born here. 70 70% of hispanics were born here. so you have this population of, you know, about 80% that speak english fluently. and only a very small percentage that don't speak it fluently or don't speak it at all. so you have a little by little generations fall off. i have a daughter in law who is

mexican, mexican-american, 100% who whose family is of those who has been since the 1600s. and she doesn't speak spanish and she's not teaching her spanish. so little by little we become more, um, more americanized, uh, a lot of us managed to and this is certainly true for my daughter in law, managed to keep hold of that culture, even though the language may be. so i'm going to we only have 10 minutes. i'm fortunate so i think that's going to give us enough maybe a couple of questions, unfortunately. so you're welcome to come up and ask marie a question. hi there. thank you so much for and talking to us something that you mentioned and that you did with your book on simon bolivar. what's create this massive cultural like work for the people who like the hispanics

and every like who live in the u.s. in english, which is something that doesn't really exist like like, for instance, like, like me, i was born in venezuela and. you know, i grew up, you know, simon bolivar and all these people. and since i was born there, i move here when i was 14 or so. but i have learned the history. i had learned all these things, but like for like my cousin's friends, like they were of, like, born here. and you see that, you know, like, oh, like i'm from there. but i don't really know the history. and then you sort of get that sense of like, they like, they feel weird about this sort of thing and you sort of need this work of of media movies and books in english or in spanish. but for these people who live in the u.s. so, i'm curious, what advice would you give for you, someone like me, who just would like be part of that creation of work for these people a new way that it's not necessarily like victimizing and sort of like, okay, here's a history. how do we actually go about?

and you sort of feel good and but also be part of the u.s. absolutely. thank so much for that question. that's such an important and so important but you want to be part of that. you know the the the the bringing of the culture here to make it part of the american it is part of the american story. i mean, it is the media doesn't tell us. so hollywood certainly doesn't tell us so as you know, just within the last i think five, maybe ten years, we are beginning to see hispanics as we truly are. before, we were villains know or we were the lazy ones sitting under the tree. but the this work which needs to be done by hispanics themselves, latinos like you, who are aware of culture before, who an appreciation for the same unbelievers of the world that um

gave this hemisphere so much of its history to to bring it here to to serve not only as but as people who work in the media. we don't enough of you in the media. we don't have of you in hollywood. we don't have enough you in the classroom. we don't have enough of you teaching latino children like the child that you used to be. and i think that that that a huge project hand and that needs to be undertaken by all of us who care about it. thank thank you. thank you. and please to keep your questions short because we running out of time and. they're very strict up there. so question is next. hello. as the hispanic community is continuing to grow, how beyond the language? the language is such a huge factor of preserving our culture and to the next generation. what are other ways that you

recommend that we preserve our culture, but also this as embracing our american culture, but also our latino culture together for future to come? i would say thank you for that question. that's a lovely question our culture, our of family, our culture our work ethic are, culture of of togetherness i mean, the food among lacombe that they made us the the the food the the our sense community all of these things that are so important to us and that are something that we can we offer and that we give to the larger population we are in so many ways a spark that's yet to take flame and and i and i wish more than anything for that flame of

humor, courage, resilience, work to really be spread into the larger american sphere. and i think that people like us who care about these things, we care about family, who care about work, we care about sticking it and making better generations. us. it's it is a great contribution to country. and i think that we need keep it alive. thank you for the question. thank you your next and probably you're probably the last question i'm sorry so we have i was very curious about how your book looks into the impact of media and cultural. where i'm getting at is i read about something called the migrant capsule effect, where migrant community comes to the and in that in a lot of ways that community that house hold they they maintain like a snapshot their culture from them from the home country.

now for me as a second generation in mexicano as a millennial i feel that there's like this rapid pace of change within even my community. and i'm curious how social media has really that. you know, again, a millennial, i've been able to connect with other latinos, other colleges in other and even in other countries now. what role is social media playing in accelerating that pace of change within our culture? it has been amazing you for that question. it has been an amazing effect because. when i look back at father and my mother's life, they were writing letters and it was taking months and the cultural so far away that now it's immediate. i mean, you can get on whatsapp, can get you can call your family in mexico and i can call my family and in lima and i and you can be in touch in a way that you weren't before. and you can you keep those

connections. and we do mean we we send money back we we keep the families connections alive. i think social media has been an enormous effect on our being able to the culture in the ways that my parents generation could not. so this is a very important part of our culture and we have to develop that even more. thank you. thank you. your next hi, this is my own theory, but i've read so many books like che by jon anderson and a beautiful book, a cuba, an american story by ana farrar and the history of the united states. yeah, we only have a few minutes, so. yeah. okay so my my thing is, i think of the problem with invisibility. people not knowing latinos is because our people don't know

the history of the u.s. in so many countries how much we've undermined democracy, so many countries and so i think that's a part of why it's been harder for latinos to adapt. that's a very good point. that is a very good point. and i'll be very, very brief in answering it. the reason why we have had this wave of immigration has in many, many ways been connected to the american hand in latin america. and i mean, a hand that has not been particularly contributing. it has. thank you for that question. yeah. so on fortunately, we are going to have to wrap it up. i want to give you the last word, but before do that, i strongly recommend that you buy and read the book. i think it should be required reading in the classroom. last for you, maria, and thank you for coming. i just want to thank you also for and for being and being willing to listen to this

extraordinary story that we're going to hear a lot more about. so thank you. for her. uh uh, handwritten or her her, her, her, uh. and earlier today at the national book festival. book tv sat down with author laura beres to, talk about her book, orwell's ghosts. here's that interview.

joining us now on book tv, it's american university history professor laura beres, author of the new book orwell's ghosts wisdom and warnings for the 21st century. laura beres, what does it mean for something to be orwellian? well, i think orwellian is. one of those words that is used and almost more commonly than else. i mean, when we talk about orwellian it's usually both in the sense of kind of a totalizing world of misinformation of social control, of thought policing, to use a term that orwell coined and propaganda. and, you know, i heard dnc described in a right wing newspaper the other day as orwellian kamala harris, where she was being presented as the big brother figure. certainly there have been no shortage of people critiquing the trump administration as orwellian. and on the flip side, you know, pro-trump supporters critiquing the de-platforming of trump

january 6th as orwellian thought and the shutting down of debate. both sides of the political spectrum use the word basically to bash their enemies with more or less accuracy. what did the term orwellian mean in the year 1950? actually pretty shortly after orwell's death and he dies in january 1950, the word enters common parlance. and it has this associate section with the manipulation language, with with thought policing is another orwellian term that comes from his novel, 1984. pretty quickly, they're on i mean, the transformation of orwell from a living author into, you know, an adjective happens fairly after his death. who is? eric. arthur blair. eric arthur blair is george orwell. orwell actually is his pen name. he takes it when he publishes his first novel, largely so as not to embarrass his parents. you know, he's writing about some vulgar subjects both about

his time initially working as police officer in burma. and his disenchantment with the empire. but then being and out in paris and london, as he put it, slumming it in those two metropolitan capitals. and his experience with the unemployed and underemployed of 1930s europe. so he never formally changes his name, though. i mean, his first wife, eileen o'shaughnessy, becomes eileen o'shaughnessy. blair and his second wife takes the last name. but that is not his legal surname. it's a nom de plume. what did he write that first novel and how many novels did he write over the course of his writing career? so he's write seven books, length novels and nonfiction, as well as countless newspaper and magazine articles. over the course of his career. he starts his first novel, which burmese days. it's not first novel he publishes, but it's the first one he writes in the 1920s, while he's serving as a police officer in burma.

and the first book that he publishes is down out in paris, in london, in the early 1930s. and then he has a quick succession of novels and nonfiction works before the two that become commercial successful. first, animal farm in 1945 and then in 1984, which is published in 1949. we mentioned that you're a professor at american university. you teach a class on orwell. the students who to your class, what do they know about? george orwell. when they enter your class? well, that's one of the first things that i asked them when they come into the classroom and there's a wide range are always a few orwell enthusiast who've read beyond the standard animal farm in 1984 and are familiar with some of his essays or his books like homage to catalonia, the spanish civil war, or the road to wigan pier, which is a really of social inequality and unemployment. 1930s england. but most of them come in having read maybe one, maybe both of animal farm, 1984, in school, in middle school or high school,

probably like most people, you know, they're their knowledge is, you know, not an excessive familiarity. and one that comes from a classroom context. but by the time they leave, they're all orwell experts. they read seven book length works. they've read several essays. and they could tell you why the word orwellian as it's commonly deployed is frequently misused. the term thought police also very commonly deployed. what does that mean in today's context? i think in today's context. it's the idea that there is a kind of censorship at within broader society, and that is how orwell was using in 1984. the police are are policing not only what you say aloud but what you think. and orwell talks about the danger of dreaming, particularly if you have children who he says are likely rat you out. as someone with children, i can sympathize with that. but this idea that you could have no private internal self, that everything that you think you have to train thinking to be in conformity with, what is expected of you and the right

you know condemns the woke left as they target of you know i on the grounds that they are engaged in thought. on the flipside you have the right or the left that that the political right you know with their obsession with this kind of what they see as you know fake news in an orwellian you know disinformation is engaged their own type of thought policing and of cult thing. and i think that idea of kind of you know a cult way of thinking around what in 1984 is the cult of big brother is an idea that orwell really develops in 1984 and has become closely associated him. one of the chapters in your book is titled the thought police. i want to read from page 61 and then have you expand on it. it says any discussion of contribution to debates around the politics of language cannot limit itself to his views on and free speech or truth and falsehood. crucial as these issues were to both orwell's political age and to our own time, he was equally

outspoken about the ways in which dishonest politics agents and politics unconsciously but inevitably corrupts political and language more broadly. yes. and one of his best essays, politic in the english language, goes into idea the way that the types of illusions and intentional misrepresentation ends that political language is invariably deploys. so example collateral damage, right? i mean, collateral damage. what do you think about it actually means the loss of significant innocent civilian usually life. right. but it becomes a word that is that in political speak used to say, oh, the mission was achieved. there was some collateral damage and there's an erasure or oftentimes in terms of social programs, the way we talk about welfare queens to diminish the humanity of people who are receiving welfare. right. and to sort of impute something sinister in them that elides the the nuance of that situation in