a nice little cake pop at all kinds of other things, whatever rogers going to give out tomorrow, the president comes the want to thank roger for that. okay. final comments. final comments. we've got a lot of work ahead of us. it can look daunting when you look at what we have to accomplish. the one thing am confident of is we have got the right team. we're partnering stronger than ever and i am confident we will succeed because we have to. so thank you for what you do and they look for to continue to work with you in whatever capacity i may be in, in the future. [applause] thank you. hopefully that was okay. >> all right, folks.

our next session is new for this year, and we are incredibly fortunate to have three folks that are all involved with this august project. we got michael lempke from admission technology. michael costas from bechtel and greg meyer from ford corporation and the files are also on the mobile app so if -- feel free to read through it and quizzed him about the accuracy afterwards. in the meantime i'm going handed over to michael and, take it away. >> thank you. first thing i don't know about you guys, , these chairs looked really uncomfortable, and for those of you who have not set n them, they are. [laughing] next years, admissions going to go by five dollars for anybody so we can get more comfortable, chairs upon up on the staga

chaise lounge. last year was chaise lounge. this year is we just need chairs. >> is it better than going to sleep. >> all right. better than sitting on the stage itself. we're going tost talk about auks and what we will do when we collaborate on this at the beginning to talk a little bit about aukus is and the baseline for batiste give you all talk about what hii is doing. michael will talk about what bechtel is doing. greg will talknd but what ford s doing with respect to aukus and we have some questions take some of theom questions from you. bit to get on aukus sociability of the seamless set of discussions. so for sure, exactly. aukus is a trilateral security partnership and i think if you just start there, everything we're focused on is to bring all three allied workers together.

it's a trilateral security partnership intended to promote a free and open indo-pacific secure and stable. now three and half years ago, what you hear is a theme from us as we goo through this won't awful lot of activity has happened over the course of three and half years, the schedule pressure continues to mount on the program overall. to talk about and think about aukus is from a phased approach and thenha from a pillared approach. so two pillars in aukus, so think of technology pillars. first pillar we refer to as a submarine herself. so pillar what is thehe submarie herself. pillar two is an acceleration and feeling to facilitate greater collaboration and sharing of technologies that support and surround submarines. so think everything from cyber

electronic warfare, sensing, unmanned systems capability. that would be pillar two. two. what we've done on our team is to create a third pillar called pillar one alpha. this is the pillar that really covers the ancillary things you need to have now that you have a nuclear powered submarine living in your country, owned and operated by our country and sustained by our country rather than just visiting it occasionally. so things like substantial infrastructure upgrades with respect to the size of the submarines, and easy way to think about it. then there's a phased approach of the pathway so this phased approach of the optimal pathway that was laid out. the ultimate goal for aukus is to develop software of children capability to sustain, build, operate nuclear powered submarines. so i'll start from the near term

where we will increase the rotational force and australia. so u.s. submarines and uk submarines will be resident and australia much more frequently than they are now. and shortly over thatt time it will develop thef capability president and sovereign and australia to maintain and sustain and t operate those, and at that time by 2032 australia should have the sovereignty ability to then take ownership of a handful of virginia class of marines and potentially one class. they will reflect those ships gently used, well cared for, use nuclear powered submarines and use sovereign australian submarines. then they have already begun activities with bae antiestrogen submarine corporation to design and then build aukus which will be the follow-on ss platform

conventionally armed nuclear powered submarine that both the united kingdom and australia will instruct and then deploy in lieu of virginia's going forward. that milestone is in the mid 2040s. all of those dates sound like they're very far away cop that when we started talking and australia with them we had about 100 months untilhe they're going to have to have the capability to sustain a nuclear powered submarine. nowar have about 80 months and they are not much closer. so there's an awful lot of work between where we are today and actual sovereign capability because the goal is to develop a workforce, develop infrastructure, create the capability resident illustrate that they can meet conditions based on milestones. .. de to the right and will determine and met the

conditions based on the milestones. if you think about impellers as a side note, to give you some ideas with the submarines they have today are and many of you >> many of you know this, the australia submarine force, six collins are they the biggest, capable, quite big diesel boats, six of them, a crew of about 42-ish sailors, virginia crew is 135-ish sailors and then it's almost three times as big and assess aukus will be a third bigger yet. you think about the pier, the

shore power and the radiological aspect and the size of the pier is as significant an investment as it goes forward. we can talk more about that as we go and give you an idea what hii is doing with respect to aukus and lateral over to you, if that's okay. we obviously have a significant play in pillar one as one of the two companies that builds virginia class submarines, and we're very engaged in that. i talked to matt earlier and with the requirements, everything to do with the submarine will be handled in the government to government space and it looks like the 1958 mutual defense agreement. we know where matt is sitting and nothing was thrown at me and i think we've got that. i think i've got that right. so, the submarine herself will handle in a very different pipe. what hi has done is create three different sovereign australian corporations if that's for me, i'm super busy

right now. [laughter] >> we have three sovereign australian companies very creatively named hi australia and hi nuclear australia and then a joint venture with babcock international that allows us to bring in the field in australia the only team in the western world that designs, builds, sustains and disposes of nuclear powered submarines on behalf of the australian government. that's a significant reach back for them. we recently completed executing supplier uplift activities on behalf of the government of south australia and will do a run for them here in the next couple of weeks for the government of western australia to uplift suppliers to prepare them, to get qualified to sell into our industrial base. i believe pretty strongly, there's no better way to become qualified for manufacturers, for parts for nuclear powered

submarines in australia than to start as early as you can. it helps relieve some of our challenges in the supply chain. we're looking to do that on the federal basis as well, in collaboration with australia. and you also have traded the aukus work force alliance, which is a consortium of facilities for work force, development in australia for australia and help train and develop work force and then, last but not least we have restructured part of the mission technologies division to really hone and focus all the resources necessary to bring nuclear capability, work force development and training capability and fleet sustainment capability to aukus with our group. all of those rolling into our team now to really provide that full window through which the

full capability that hi has will be in the indo-pacific. >> first thing i want to do i want to deviate a little bit. you're okay with that? >> i'm shocked. he's worried now. >> october, 1962, what happened then? >> a big detour. >> the cuban missile crisis. >> cuban missile crisis, that's when i was born, born smack dab in the cuban missile crisis and my dad was a design engineering, on the on the icbm's and today i have the privilege of working with the sentinel program with northrop grumman. it's in my blood literally my whole life and i've had the privilege of working with some

of you at los alamos and it's an incredible mission. what we're doing down in australia, we're working close which with the aussies, the australian submarine agencies and focused on their needs around infrastructure capable not only sustaining and building their fleet. some of the work that we've done with the u.s. navy has allowed us to do the things that are necessary, not only to master plan the henderson defense precincts, down just outside of perth, but the really master plan and then to play out scenarios that allow them to pick the best solutions, their analysis of alternatives and they're necessary to build that ship yard, which as you know, gives freedom of navigation and access to the indian ocean and the south china sea. very, very important job. a lot that we've learned from our public ship, shipyards, is getting plowed into the

sustainability mission that they have down there, working closely with babcock and hii to come up with what we feel to be the best approach for sustainability. they're very fortunate. think about it, the greenfield project, if done right, you can figure out how to sustain more ships and meet the availabilities that are necessary to defend freedom around the globe. the customer is a great customer. they're learning and i believe their eyes are wide open to the complexities of what we just have taken for granted in the kind of work that we do for the u.s. navy and the work that's done with the royal navy in the u.k. let's face it, it's a very, very steep learning curve. we were at a session with admiral richardson a couple of years ago and his way of describe aukus was, aukus is

going to be hard and harder than hard to do this right. if you're a history buff and you go back into the mid 40's when we start today communicate some of our nuclear requirements and information to the british government with all the starts and stops that they had at the time, it literally took them about 12 years to really get things up and running. and we're trying to compress that schedule right now and really think through this in the best way possible. we are doing sustainability work, not bechtel, but sterling, close to the henderson precinct where we're planning the work. it's great first steps and the cooperations and with the nuclear powered submarine with some of the u.s. equipment, that everything that we're

learning there or acknowledge our skills, our influence in the nuclear engineering arena are really supporting their efforts to plan the next phase of work for the henderson defense precinct. the other thing we're doing, we've started like michael and his team to focus on engineering learning and the things that are necessary to get their folks up to speed on the things that we've just taken for granted. >> i appreciate that, greg. you know, i know very engaged and you've spent a lot of time in australia. why don't you tell everybody what you guys are doing and who you're doing it with down there? >> yeah, thank you, michael. i'm happy to share our corporate strategy with 600 of my closest competitors. [laughter] >> so, okay, it's all right. >> so our situation is a little bit different. the government group in florida is called the mission solutions and we don't have a presence

necessarily in australia, but floor does, and for dj. that's five years more and just like this riverside would be 75 years and celebrating this year as well. so fluor mission solution does doesn't with australia and australia doesn't know fluor very well. a government procurement company and we have great capabilities that we can offer. our first year, we're getting the lay of the land and getting established and people to understand who we are and all of that is paying off. we've had a lot of visits and we're at the point now where people actually reaching out to us because they know our capabilities and what we have to offer. just like michael side earlier, the question is, you know, do you work with what they call an australia above the line, below the line. above the line, basically a

direct contractor to the government, below the line you're a contractor that's in more than the delivery side. so read that as a government consultant versus a government delivery contractor. we spent a lot of time with the australia submarine, the last 12, 14 months and i would tell you that just learning who is who in the zoo is complicated. so, there's the australia submarine agency. asa, the australian submarine corporation, asc. australian infrastructure. ani. and support group, henderson nsg and security state group sg. none of this em talk to each other very well and so it's a question of who has been charged and how are they going to make decisions and go forward. and over the course of the last year, a lot of the people we've talked to asa has departed and left. so there's reorganization going on, as we said earlier, it's hard, it's harder than hard,

but when you think of the australians, they're taking on an almost insurmountable task and the numbers all vary, but you might call it 450 million dollars to get these technologies in place, to get the infrastructure in place, to get the submarines in place, to get the people trained and they have nobody that's done that before. so, it's a huge challenge and very steep hill for them to go up. and as we wouldn't be surprised taking some time. most of industry is kind of getting impatient, but things are happening and, but again, knowing just the australian procurement system is different. so we're used to a big, you know, u.s. agency would say how are we going to do this and they'd come up with an acquisition strategy and maybe in industry, followed by, you know, a draft and press for proposals and rp. et cetera, et cetera, that's not the way the australians work. so one of their key things that they have to battle and i think

the term in australia is what's the crocodile closest to the canoe? it's sterling. they have to be ready for the submarine rotational force west to put submarines there. we were waiting and waiting, what's going to happen to find out months later the work is started and they take a panel and start giving work to these panel contractors to start things going and that's good for the smaller projects that they have, it's not good for the bigger projects and the nuclear interface projects, so the australians faced with not only an organizational challenge, but procurement challenge and they know they need the help like the three of us up here with the companies that we represent. they're not quite sure how to get that so that's a bit of a challenge and there's some work going on to help with just like they were talked about, some of the big major infrastructure projects, those are going to be probably full and open tenders, full and open competitions, but

we don't know when and the timing, the sequence is slower. so in the meantime, we've got our partnership established and getting things registered. earlier, if you were here this morning, there was a lot of talk, how do you get onto the bases in the u.s., same there. and how are you getting on the bases and are they going to recognize dod clearances and recognize the u.s. dod clearances and the answer almost has to be yes. so there are a lot of things that have to go on and it's been a learning process as probably slower than we might like, but we are making some slow steady progress. >> so a couple of quick additions to that. so when you think about clearance reciprocity is something that clearly has to be in place amongst all three partner nations to have a chance and just really easy data points in the back of your mind is that to get a dv or a top secret clearance in the

u.k. requires 10 years of residency in the u.k. so a lot of us are 10 years late in that application process and by the time we're done, the milestones will have moved past us, right? so there has to be an opportunity that and also, if you think about what we call the aukus passport. so if we train a welder to weld to nuclear quality, i'll say it, newport new ship building, does not necessarily mean that they are qualified against the standards to do that welding in accordance with the union requirements in australia so we need to harmonize those and get some reciprocity as a way to track that. and grant reciprocity for folks getting training in one place and then qualified in the other. our doe folks will recognize this discussion for a long time. they're working on that for a long, long time. and i thought real quickly, i skipped a quick geography

lesson, not everyone has a picture of australia in their brains and we have been talking about the cities. australia about the same sides of the ideas, the population about the same as florida. so when you think about the intensity, requirements to develop the work force from a national endeavor perspective, it's a pretty small universe of folks to draft from. the interpretation the australian government has taken with respect to would be qualified to do that, natural born australian citizen shrinks that pool over more in a material way so there's just a challenge in the number of people available to do the work, but if you picture australia in your mind, on the left-hand side where we would see los angeles or perth is, the naval base right around perth, a little bit part right

around perth on the right-hand side is cambora. where we would see new orleans is at adelaide where they'd build and house the submarine corporation, which is a government-owned company and let that settle in for a minute and that's where they have their build yard and they also have operations out in henderson where mike was talking about, our collaboration on that project together so as you kind of go through this, there's any number of threads to explore. greg, i thought i'd start with you. you talked some of the hurdles just to get set up there, right? what are you thinking about how other companies, what the are biggest companies, the hurdles that are u.s. companies that have the capability to support australia who does not have the

national capability to do this are facing just to get capability into the country? >> well, part of it is is like i said earlier, it's the-- you have to get registered to do business in australia and you have to have facility clearance, process to do business with the australian government and so basically, the way most of us would perceive that, get a good australian consultant to walk you through that process and then you do that. one of the other things, you have to figure out what services you're going to really offer. like i said, what they really need what i would call the hard core nukes, not nuclear engineers, but people used to working in this industry because we know the rules, the regulations, and i've explained that to some of the-- a lot of the australian, you don't need nuclear engineers, you need engineers that understand the interface with nuclear. 80, 90% of your engineers are fine you need to train them on

the extra requirements that come along. if in the meantime, if you don't have those resources you'll have to contract them out and the u.s. or the u.k. could provide those. it's going to be very expensive and i think there'll be some sticker shock to the australian government when they pay the u.s. salaries are higher than australia engineers in general and look at the exchange rates and per diem and everything that comes with sending an ex-pat to the other side of the world. if it's a company that's starting out, you need to factor that into the business plan. don't think it's going to be as easy as just signing up and submitting and responding to an rfi that i can do this. it takes a lot more prep work to get ready. >> it's a time and money investment. it's going to be a slow, slow pay back. >> and the australians, like i said, slow to take up the offer and admittedly, they truly want the sovereign ability to do everything that you discussed so-- and so they've hired a lot of

people. they're not trained and they're not used to it so they're going to need help, i think a five to seven year process to get the people up to speed and they can say, contractors exit and let us self-perform. i don't know if they're ready to take that leap of faith just yet. >> i think that's fair. like, as we've looked at henderson and other pieces together, i think your comments, i mean, henderson is not totally greenfield. adelaide's more greenfield and your comment about if you plan it right, it's great. if you don't, it's a disaster. i think it's really an important way to think about it. what are some of the major priorities, you know, if you're talking to the pm. what would you tell him, hey, the next two or three things we've got to do out west from a scheduled priority perspective to jump start this process, what would that be? >> it's a great question. i think that right now, aligning ourselves with the right engineering contractors in the region are super

important. because, you know, we do things differently and we're pretty fortunate, like you, greg, we're an epc firm. so we do a lot of our own engineering, but in this environment you're going to have to get used to the fact that it's not just going to be u.s. companies doing work down in australia, there's going to be some fairly significant partnerships that need to be forged with subcontractors and other ae firms down there, that do like work and have the ability to be developed to do the kind of work that we're talking about and that kind of starts right now. you want them to be in a position where they could start investing and developing with other people. that's so important. the other thing i would say, if you're going to do construction work that requires some degree of labor, getting to understand local laws and all of the nuances of running a labor relations organization in

australia, we've been very fortunate over our 70 years. we must have showed up at the same time. >> we're right down the street in perth. the offices are like 10 minutes apart. >> so, you know, so the 70 years of experience of being down in that continent, have afforded you the ability to have the relationships with the unions and they really understand labor laws and the things that are necessary to be in a position where you can leave and manage that work. we're big on building an indigenous work force. that's very important. the work that we do in country is hard, it's really hard. you have to think think the gaps. you have to think through the nuances how you communicate, what systems you use. those systems, whether they be on the engineering side, procurement, construction, doesn't matter, they need to operate seamlessly across all the parts and you just can't show up tomorrow and say, we're

going to turn on-- turn this thing on and it's just going to start spooling up and we're off and running. and so, that doesn't work. and so that's a big part of it and the other part of it is just starting to get focused on the supply base down there and i think, michael, you guys have done some really good things with your strategy where you guys have focused on the things that you can do to build that indigenous manufacturing capability that's necessary for you. maybe a start, you know, maybe they're down there and you have qualified suppliers that are producing hardware for columbia class and virginia class to support the needs and demands that we have here. i know that admiral rucker and the summary and work force, industrial-based team that's focused on building capability in the u.s. to do this really well, that we have to do that with our partners. and if we're not, we'll continue to struggle here and i just don't believe that that's

necessary. we could work that smarter. >> i appreciate that. that's exactly right. we've been saying for a year now in australia if we don't look at the end when we're done with aukus. we haven't actually improved the industrial capacity and capability of all three partner nations, then we probably didn't do it right. this is incredibly important, industrial base integration, opportunity, to leverage all of us. i will just mention one thing, i think, that-- and then we can go to some questions. as you think about the aukus timeline, everyone focuses on the submarine and focuses on the work force to do the nuclear work and the submarine sustainment work. we're not an apc-- i have people in perth and they tell me it's a hardship and i

tell them every time i go to perth it reminds me of san diego without traffic. and they convinced me it's a hardship. going to have to revisit that. i'll revisit perth and talk about it for a week or so. i think ultimately what people are underestimating the need to deconflict the work force to actually do the construction of the infrastructure, that the uplift in that alone, i mean, you know, mark and the same thing, it's the trades that do construction, not necessarily just the trades associated with the submarine itself or the sustainment work in the submarine. it's also going to requirement an endeavor, a massive set of infrastructure projects between what you're thinking about, we're talking henderson, what they're doing down in adelaide and if they build the base out on the other coast, it's nonstop multiple billions of

dollars in infrastructure in a country i don't think has the craft to do that activity separate and distinct from the craft necessary to do the sustainment on the submarines. one of the things we focused on when we put this global security team together the fact we now have more than 1,000 people doing fleet sustainment all over the world on our team in australia, guam, all over the indo pac, doing sustainment on u.s. navy ships last year and brought a global reach for sustainment into the team and tie that together with the capabilities that our friends here have, it's a really compelling package for australia to have an opportunity to tap the resources that we have in the companies represented here, but it's not going to be easy, to greg's point, to enable that process. okay. so we have about 14 or so minutes left. i thought i'd see if there were any questions from the floor.

it normally goes one of two ways, either there are 8,000 questions because it's aukus or-- >> we have one. >> we'll start with one. >> hi, scott with uranium producers of america and my question pertains to fuel and i would assume that the initial load of these reactors would be built in the united states. should we see this as a new demand on either existing u.s. origin or the uranium stock piles or a new source of demand we have to fill from the industry? >> so, the first time, that's an excellent question to ask the government. [laughter] >> so, yes. [laughter] >> what? >> say yes. >> all right, what other questions? it's a nice try, by the way

though. >> so we could expand on that a little bit if you'd like. >> sure. >> so the virginia class submarines basically three with an option for two more. there are going to be submarines in service today not getting them fresh out of the shipyard. at one conference i was at last year one of australia's group was upset about that, wooer a he getting used submarines, i said they're good runners so you should be fine, but, in fact, they're getting the whole package and as part of that, i don't know the details what happens when the submarine is decommissioned, but that class of submarine is designed to have a lifetime core and they shouldn't have to worry about it and long-term they're making plans how to manage the one. and whether they buy it or keep it ourselves our national security interest is that submarine is in the sea, south

china sea on a good day or somewhere in the western pacific or indian ocean and the threat that australia and the u.s. also face so it might be a little bit more demand signal to the ship builders, but it's when that's overdue and one we need anyway as a nation and most of us think that, whichever crew is on that submarine, the important thing, the submarine is over there. >> but, i mean, just like the integration of the industrial base benefits all three alliance members, at the end of the day aukus is actually about submarine availability, how many you can have at sea on any given day. so, the implementation of aukus is designed to increase the number of ships at sea. >> hello. >> ben with the simpson center. i just have a question, hi and working with australian contractors. and laid out the infrastructure

in australia and a protectionist measure within the current administration, is there any concern shifting more to u.s. priority to help out more submarines in favor of u.s. needs in favor of australian needs? >> i was sort of in the same place frankly that greg did. look, america hasn't stepped onto a battlefield since i think the war of 1812 when australia wasn't there beside us. so to say that we have national interests that are aligned probably a significant understatement. so the alliance increasing the number of submarines it has available at sea for combatant commanders can do is good for everyone. the united kingdom, the united states, and australia. so if you focus with that in mind, where the submarine and to see a crew that's running the submarine becomes less important than the submarine being at sea doing its job and

behalf of the alliance and the national security of all three of those partners. from the hi perspective, collaborating with the industrial base in australia actually helps us potentially open up additional sources of supply. and post covid, we have a number of suppliers, sequence critical items that are single or sole source which means you can only get them from one place and they're making them as fast as they can. so it's not a diversion from the u.s., it's actually an expansion of capability across the alliance in a way that provides a unique opportunity to offset some needs that we have while we train their industrial base to be sovereign capable to do it to the future to the benefit of the full team. >> now, we were just briefed on secretary rubio's meeting with australian government, they solidified their support for them.

i think what could change is the road map to get there. i mean i think that's being questioned right now. >> i think that's fair. australia dedicated an enormous amount of money to this endeavor and it's important to approach this from the perspective that australia as budgeted for this and paying for this in many, many ways. it's not a gift from the u.s. to australia it's mutually beneficial alliance arrangement. >> hi, can you comment on the extent to which you've felt you've been welcomed by the australian people? ments we had talked about you not asking any questions? [laughter] >> we're close allies, but australia doesn't have a lot of debt in nuclear, they have an accelerator and one reactor.

i would be interested to hear your views on that, thank you. >> i appreciate that, mark. i would tell you what i found and then turn it over to the team. they've been very welcoming. we've worked with more than 300 suppliers across the spectrum, small, medium large suppliers, we've visited factories, we've interviewed them, as i've said we've executed supplier uplift activities with them. i think the capability we find from australia from the supply chain perspective is phenomenal. what we think we need is obviously scale and through put. all right, so, to be fair to them, they haven't had-- they're meeting the demand that they've had. this is a new uplift in demand so that's a collaboration in that aspect as well. but we have by industry to industry participation and ended our collaboration with government and the australia submarine agency, the ministers office up to and including the deputy prime minister has been a very, very collaborative experience, very welcomed and i

mean, i think truly excited about the opportunity that it brings for the nation, what is your experience? >> i would say just to be a little more blunt, it's a great answer. we need to check our egos at the door and we need to remember that they live in a tough neighborhood and respect that, you know? we go to work every single day and become really good partners with them, you know, build trust and good things will happen, but if you're that close to what the real threats are out there, you may look at things a little bit differently. >> i think that's exactly-- you have to go humbly into the market, right? >> yeah, i think that you know, they don't have a nuclear industry in australia and we just talked about that in many ways, but there's bilateral support from the government for a nuclear powered submarine and they say it's not nuclear armed, it's nuclear powered submarine and they clarify that all the time. and we see a lot of good support for that.

i also spoke at both the australia nuclear association on the east coast and the perth center on the west coast over the last year, and it's against the law right now to produce commercial electrical nuclear power, so, it's kind of a bizarre situation, but that's also changing. more and more, they're starting to recognize they can't get where they want to be in terms of sustainable green carbon neutral without commercial nuclear power so there's not a sea change, but it definitely a ground swell that's starting that they might actually be more accepting of commercial nuclear power in the not too distant future. so, overall, because of the threats that michael says-- mike says it's a tough neighborhood. they recognize in order to get where they have to start changing and that's important to them. so i think it's well-accepted so far and we need to make sure that when we're all over there, the government is there, we're working safely and we continue the impeccable safety records that we have today because a

single incident would actually set everybody back a long way. >> yeah, now, i obviously think all of that is right on the money. i do find that they're very welcoming, they've had some challenges with fits and starts on programs before, so there is a need to actually walk the walk and not just, you know, bring your glossy brochure. but i really think that if you keep in the back of your mind that your job that in aukus, our job in aukus is to facilitate the development of sovereign australian capability. it's not to move a bunch of americans there. it's not to make all of their products here and ship then down there for assembly. it's to create a sovereign australian capability that simply does not exist today. if you keep that in mind and have that as your first principle, it facilitates focusing on the right things.

a couple more questions. >> all right, we've worn you out. all right, so, if you have any other questions, especially late at night, if you would just please call greg, he will be our team scribe. but, thank you guys for listening, we appreciate, we'll be around if you have any other questions. i will tell you we are leaning on partners and friends and developing relationships here, obviously, as we look to work in that market in a new and different way. there are several companies that we're teeming with facilitating them entering a new market while we as a company work to enter a new market. so very much appreciate the collaboration. i thank you and enjoy the rest of the conference. [applause]. [inaudible conversations]