america. i saw it at the republican convention in 1964 when governor rockefeller was shouted down. i saw it in minneapolis when governor wallace, a man with whom i disagree was heckled into silence and happened to me in philadelphia. we must give toe to these violent few there are millions of decent americans willing to sacrifice with change but they want to do it without being threatened and peacefully. they are the nonviolent majority, black and white, for change without violence. these are the people whose voice i want to be. >> as candidates campaign for president this year, we look back at 14 men who ran for the office and lost. go to our website, c-span.org/contenders to see video of the consteppeders who had impact on american politics. >> our ancestors came across the ocean on sailing ships you wouldn't go across the lake in chlgt when they arrived there was nothing here. they built their tiny little

cabins and they did it with neighbors helping one another, not federal grants. they came here because they wanted to be free and they wanted to practice the religion of their choice. after 200 years too many of us take those privileges for granted. >> c-span.org/thecontenders. the white house drug control policy director and the head of the u.s. marshall service addressed national sheriff's association on u.s. drug policy. through the years there's been progress, but the work is far from over. he says drug abuse isn't something we can arrest our way out of but instead be smarter on how to approach it. his harks came during the national sheriff's association winter conference. >> this morning i have the honor of introducing our first keynote speaker, the director of the office of national drug control

policy. he was nominated by president obama and confirmed by the united states senate as director of the office of national drug control policy. in his position he cord nazi all aspects of federal drug control programs and implementation of the president's national drug control strategy. gil brings 37 years and drug policy experience to the position. he most recently served nine years as chief of police for seattle, washington. when he left, crime was at its low epoint in 40 years. previously he was deputy director for the united states department of justice office of community oriented policing services where he was responsible for over $6 billion in federal assets. he has received numerous awards and recognitions for leadership, innovation and community service. he served as the chair of the

board of directors of fight crime, invest in kids. he's also served on the advisory board of the salvation army. mr. kerlikowske holds a b.a. and m.a. in criminal justice as well as an honorary doctorate of humane letters from the university of south florida. i'm honored to present gil kerlikowske [ applause ] >> let me thank president paul fitzgerald for the very kind introduction. he did it exactly the way i wrote it out. doug gillespie taught me to leave when crime was down. really, i'm learning so much from some of the experienced sheriffs in this room. and it's a great pleasure to be up here. also aaron kinard, who has been a friend for many years. we very much appreciate his leadership and stewardship of

nsa. and my friend stacy hilton, the director of the united states marshall service, a long time local law environment official we had absolutely great partnerships with the marshall service, whether fugitive task forces or the work they do in tracking down the fugitives through the electronic means and others they have such knowledge about. now in this role for almost three years president obama's drug policy adviser. again the marshall service is a great partner. it's good to be with friends and see a number of folks and find out how you're doing and do a little catchup. i've learned a tremendous amount about the area and science around drug addiction and drug use that i really had very little knowledge of as a police chief. i understood the law enforcement part really well. i understand our relationship to be involved in prevention like

all of you do, because i think we're joined when it comes to preventing drug use in our communities. i really didn't understand issues around addiction, treatment, health care involved. i wish i had that kind of knowledge as a police chief because i would have figured out smarter ways to lempverage somef those resources. let me mention a couple of things that were involved. all of you recognize the dangers and the problems that drug abuse causes and particularly the work that you do in the criminal justice system and also the work that you do with your holding facilities. but in talking to the president and talking to a number of members on the hill, and i know you have that wonderful opportunity, it strains our education system, it keeps our kids from graduating from school. it strains our health care

system, it drives crime. and the research and the evidence is very clear, that the drug issue, you only have to scratch the surface a little bit to see how involved it is with all of the things i just mentioned. drug induced deaths are now the leading cause of accidental death in the country. and i keep saying that and people keep kind of looking at me oddly or quizzically. because i know when i was going through confirmation, they staid more people are dying from drugs in this country, and this was a couple years ago, than from gunshot wounds. and i said, i don't know, that and as a police chief or sheriff you keep track of what hurts the people you're responsible for. and i didn't know that. now drug induced deaths are greater than car crash deaths in this country. it's driven by prescription drugs. it also is a tremendous burden, thanks to the partnership with the united states department of justice. they recently came out with a

study and said what does it cost us in this country to deal with our drug problem? it costs us about $193 billion a year. $193 billion. let me put that in perspective. that's about $20 billion more than it costs us to deal with diabetes. $56 billion can be traced directly to the costs associated with the criminal justice system. i don't think that's a surprise to any of you as to the cost. 7 million people in the united states are under supervision in criminal justice, more than 2 million people behind bars. the united states prison population for the first time in four decades fell last year and we're seeing that state and local elected officials, policy takers are working very hard to reduce those criminal justice costs.

because between 1998 -- 1988 and 2009, state correction spending increased from $12 billion to more than $50 billion. so we have to figure out smaert, -- smarter, more effective ways to deal with it. it's not just because of the sheer number of people under criminal justice supervision, but also as you so well know, many of those people not only have a substance abuse problem, also mental health problem, and as so many sheriffs and those that run correctional facilities say, we've become -- your facilities have become mental health institutions and drug rehabilitation centers also. well, the data show that over half of state and federal inmates used drugs during the month before a crime. and we know from the data that many of you take a look at and that comes out on a regular basis where people are tested in 12 different correctional facilities or jails around the country, we know there's a

strong nexus. but if you think about that, over half of these federal inmates and state inmates use drugs for the month before the crime. a third of the state prisoners and a quarter of the federal prisoners use drugs at the time of the offense. and we have to keep bringing that to the forefront. the facts underscore we also need to take a different approach to our drug problem. it should be guided by three facts. addiction is a disease and it can be treated. and i have met so many people in these three years that are back on the road to successful recovery, back in their neighborhoods, back taking care of their families, back actually working and paying taxes. sometimes we don't always recognize that. although you as sheriffs often do. so people can recover. and simply put, the mantra that i continually hear from my colleagues is that we can't arrest our way out of this problem. we have to be smarter about how we approach it. by recognizing addiction as a

chronic and progressive disease and bringing in other people that should be at the table or at the forefront, you can make a big difference in leveraging your own resources, and those are health care, particularly public health officials. can help people overcome the institutional barriers. when i was in seattle, along with sheriff john lovic who had been retired from the washington state patrol, we wrote an op ed for the paper about why people who had been arrested for certain crimes that they should be able to more easily appeal and get their civil rights restored. and legislature listened to that along with the support of a lot of other law enforcement people. because those people that are not going to cause problems and really need to get integrated back into society, we should work hard as professionals to reduce those barriers. well, the president's approach is guided by action. over $10.4 billion is spent on drug prevention and treatment programs of federal dollars and that's compared to about $9

billion in support of domestic law enforcement. but we know that state and local law enforcement also provides tremendous amount of resources. the president signed the -- president obama signed the fair sentencing act reducing that 100 to 1 disparity for crack cocaine versus powder cocaine. and let me -- both president clinton and president bush had both worked very hard with congress to try and get that reduced because of the burden that it imposes. and the fact that it really wasn't based on science during those crack epidemic times. and we know we can be smarter about how we approach that. let me give you a really piece of good news when it comes to cocaine. cocaine use is down significantly in this country. if you don't think that through good law enforcement, through interdiction, the work that coast guard and customs and others do, through prevention programs and education programs if you don't think we cannot --

that we're not going to make a dent in drugs, we actually can. cocaine use in the united states is down by almost half since 2007. and that continues on in every survey, every piece of data that we take a look at. so when we all put our shoulder to the wheel and we all work very hard across all of these different balanced perspectives, we can actually reduce drug use in this country. fortunately that's not going to be true for all the different drugs of abuse. i also had a great opportunity to hold a series of roundtables across the country. los angeles, new york city, atlanta, philadelphia, chicago, with african-american leaders. sheriffs, police chiefs, law enforcement officials from the prosecution area, but also people that run treatment prevention programs, et cetera, to talk about the impact that drugs have on their particular community. and what we could be doing to work together to lessen that

impact because it truly in those communities, affects families, affects children and their ability to achieve a good education. it affects their ability to get hired. especially with over 6,000 employers that do drug testing. and we need people that are going to be energetic, that are not on drugs, that are going to be the work force. as the economy continues to tick up. the administration strongly supports drug courts. you strongly support drug courts. this is like talking to the choir here when it comes to drug courts. i know the amount of time and attention many of you serve on drug court executive advisory boards. you have been active in getting those put into place in your communities. and you have the research, again, the evidence because people want to see, well, how do we know an evaluation that these things all really work. and the urban institute just released a long study on drug courts across the country. and they came as no surprise to me and i'm sure it came as no surprise to you that drug courts are not only cost effective.

they actually get people back into society and reduce recidivism. so we know that. we also know that you are big supporters of the second chance act, as are almost every law enforcement professional that i deal with. provides resources for common sense evidence-based approaches to preventing -- to reducing crime. and the act provides funding for programs to approve the coordination of re-entry services. you know, a few years ago, if i was thinking about or talking about re-entry, i would have been thinking about things like the space shuttle. when people lose the prison door and jail door, you want to get them back into society with the ability to be successful. for a whole host of reasons. it's not just because your community is going to be safer. that's the primary reason. but you know what? it's also cost effective, and it makes sense. some of you, i know many of you have been visited and seen some of the re-entry programs that you are involved in.

jail is also a critical access point for people who need drug treatment. i cannot tell you how many times, time after time, i have been talking at prevention or treatment programs with people who said being arrested saved my life. and we were in st. louis talking about methamphetamine and a young man who has been clean for a long time talked about in the st. louis area having been arrested. he was on his way to visit his mother who was dying. and -- of cancer. and he got arrested for meth. and he said it saved my life. and he has been clean and sober for a long, long time. and just a few months ago at the national press club right around the corner from here, i was speaking right after a wonderful young woman from ft. lauderdale who talked about what saved her life and it was in the broward county sheriff's office program. a 30-day program, but followed up by after care that saved her

life. now she speaks across the country on the importance of rehabilitation. so not everybody outside of law enforcement sees this incredible change that can be made in people as a result of what you do. talking to that young man about methamphetamine, he said it was the way the arresting officer or deputy treated me that started me on my road to recovery. we don't tell that story often enough. we know it and we see it, but we need to tell that story much more publicly. helping formerly incarcerated individuals get back into society is an important issue. and it's important to the attorney general eric holder. there's a federal inner agency re-entry council with all of cabinet officials, and i sit on that re-entry council to talk about how we can reduce federal barriers to getting people back in to society. it's no secret to anyone in this

room, especially at every level that we serve in the government about these very tough economic times. and across the board, regardless of partisan background, policymakers and elected officials are looking at how can they save money. and when you have this incredible opportunity during this time, and i mentioned this to the president when he said, do you think -- he asked me, do you think we can make progress in this area? and i said, actually, i think we can, mr. president, because the wind is at our backs with this economy. and he kind of looked at me oddly. and i said this tough economy is making us rethink how we do business. and you have the opportunity, the bully pulpit, the power to actually make sure that the right decisions are being made. that the decisions are being made based upon evidence and fact and that you have this not only sworn duty to protect your community, but you also have the influence and the position and

the credibility and the power that you have to make sure that across the board at the state level and county and city level, people are making decisions that will not only keep people safe but also begin to reduce some of those costs. let me just mention a couple other quick things to you also. we've taken on drugged driving as a significant issue. it was off the radar screen. we know a lot about alcohol impaired driving. and again, when we put our shoulder to the wheel, sanctions, law enforcement, education, technology, on and on, we have seen a decrease. not enough, and there's still work to do, in alcohol impaired driving. but we didn't know much about drug-impaired driving. so the 2007 study that the department of transportation did not -- did and released in 2009 shows that people behind the wheel with drugs in their system, methamphetamine, marijuana, et cetera, are a significant problem.

we know that you have dres, and we know that that's a two-week program. to pull a deputy off the street for two weeks of training is a cost. is a huge cost in many ways. and we've worked hard to try and make sure that not only is the department of transportation continuing to fund the dre program, but also there's a basic eight-hour program on getting deputies and law enforcement first line -- front line personnel more aware of what drug driving actually looks like. the arrive program. so rather than have to pull somebody off the street and send them to a training course and have them sit in the classroom, we put money into developing this course, this eight-hour course online. and my belief is that the more people that -- front line that are more aware of the drug driving and the more knowledgeable they are, not only will we see more of this, but we'll see cases that can be made, rather than cases that are sometimes reduced when, in fact,

they are just as dangerous as alcohol-impaired driving. that's why we support per se legislation in the number of states around the country. per se laws that say if you are behind the wheel and drugs are in your system, it's tantamount to driving under the influence. we partnered with mothers against drunk driving. every one of you has been a strong supporter and worked closely with their victims programs and many others. they have not really partnered outside of alcohol-impaired driving. but when we sat down with the board and talked with them about the dangers of drugged driving, it was very clear to them that they needed to be a strong partner also. and, of course you have that crossover issue of alcohol and drugs. and so having mothers against drunk driving that community voice, that group who has actually moved this country so far to reduce alcohol-impaired driving, to have them on board

on drug driving is great. to have you on board as a partner in all of these efforts, too, is really terrific. our office door is open to you. we have information. we have data. right now, my guess is -- well, you can tell me if i'm wrong. my guess is that there are a lot of people that don't really want somebody from inside the beltway to come parachute into their state or county and tell them what they should do or what they shouldn't do. whether it's on these legalization issues that we continue to battle and which we know don't make any sense to the future of this country. whether it's on issues around medical marijuana, these are all important issues. we have a lot of fact and information. it's not ideologically based. it's based upon the science, and it's based upon the research. and we're happy to help you with it because, frankly, your voices are the strongest voices that people listen to. and that was true in california on the legalization issue. there are a number of other states that have a variety of

ballot proposals. and what we're saying is, the president has said he opposes decriminalization. he opposes legalization but it's very clear that if we do a much more balanced approach to the drug problem, we can have some of the same successes in other drugs that we have had in cocaine. so your partnership and your relationship with us is valued. it's important. and we are happy to provide you data and fact and information. so thank you very much for having me, and i appreciate this very much. [ applause ] [ applause ] >> director kerlikowske, thank you for your remarks and for taking time to join us today. i know you have a very busy schedule, but we still have something that we'd like to take a second to present you with. please accept the nsa commemorative badge as a token

of our appreciation for you being with us this morning. >> thank you very much. >> thank you very much, sir. >> you see this? sir? >> our second keynote speaker this morning is the director of the united states marshal service. the honorable stacia hylton. and before i begin my comments on this i would like to take a moment of privilege and thank her. i also not only have the honor of being the sheriff in my home county, but i have also been sworn in as the deputy u.s. marshal. so something that i'm equally as proud of. director stacia hylton has 30 years of law enforcement experience. she began her career as a deputy united states marshal serving in the district of columbia, southern district of florida and the eastern district of virginia. she has held numerous positions

during her career with the united states marshal service. director hylton was an instructor at the training academy teaching firearms, physical fitness and consenting, interrogation and interviewing. she also served as witness security inspector, assistant director of prisoner operations and chief for the judicial security programs at headquarters. while in the position of chief deputy united states marshal in south carolina, she also served as the agency's emergency response incident commander for such assignments as ground zero after 9/11. in 2004, director hylton was appointed as the attorney general's federal detention trustee and then in 2010, she was appointed director of the united states marshal service. she is the recipient of the presidential distinguished service award and several attorney general awards to include the edmond randolph award in recognition of

outstanding service. as director, ms. hylton leads a key department of justice law enforcement agency responsible for federal judicial security fugitive apprehension, witness security, asset forfeiture and prisoner transportation, custody and safety. i am honored to present director stacia hylton. >> thank you, mr. president, for that welcome. i won't say that aaron kennard, while he was reading up my bio and gave up my years of service said, wow, you're old. i am particularly pleased to know the serving president is a sworn special deputy here and both at iacp. i take great privilege in our partnerships and the honor of so many that are sworn in to help us in our duties every day.

i am also honored to be here today with all of you and share this with men of such great distinction. i am particularly pleased to be a keynote speaker at the winter conference since i've been a longtime member of the national sheriff's association and served on many of their committees. i would like to take a moment and reflect and recognize the accomplishments of this great organization. like the marshal service, nsa has a rich and proud history. nsa, to me, has never lost the very spirit and intent in which its conception created which began in 1888 with a small group of sheriffs in minnesota and the surrounding states. i was struck when i read the history of how it was created to provide the opportunity for a wider, mutual acquaintance. to exchange ideas for more efficient service, and to assist one another in the apprehension of criminals. to me, that remains at the foundation of nsa beliefs to

this day and what i've seen will -- while i've been involved with this organization. even as the organization grew and became a professional association, on the forefront of law enforcement efforts and policy, it has always kept in the center of their mission the grassroots approach from which it started. and i admire that greatly. through the years, they have provided all of us with a venue to meet. a form of events that goes beyond networking. a chance to be with our colleagues. a chance to share ideas. a chance to learn from each other. and year after year, they line up speakers and presentations that bring to us cutting edge information about sharing intelligence, about contemporary issues and community policing. i thank your association for its continued dedication and to the success of law enforcement. our work together is interwoven and intertwined. largely because the commonality of our work. i think that's what makes the

marshal service feel so close to sheriffs nationwide. from fugitive apprehension to the housing and detention and transportation of prisoners, to securing the judicial process and integrity of that process. we have historically supported each other in our daily work. shared innovative ideas and leveraged our resources to provide safety to individuals and citizens of our communities. we must continue to do so to fight the criminal element that we face today. we must continue to be assertive and aggressive and stay affront and strategically plan so that we stay ahead of them. today, i want to talk on these program areas. i want to talk about the challenges we leaders face. i want to talk and share some innovative ideas and strategies and how we've incorporated them and ways we want to bring them to you. the first thing i'd like to start with is, well, many of us know that technology has brought us so many advances and has actually made chasing the bad

guy a lot easier. unfortunately it has proved to us to be a hindrance in protective measures. we pay a price with the advancements in technology with protect operations. as we protect 2,000 nationwide, 5,000 u.s. attorneys and their assistant attorneys and over 18,000 protective witnesses and their families in our program, we face technology challenges. technology poses a myriad of these issues when trying to ensure the safety of these individuals. think about it. you can access endless public records on individuals via the internet. just that people are sitting at home, looking to cause havoc, people looking and chasing information, we have made it that much easier with technology. public records. with home addresses. phone numbers. information on family members. personal information on our protectees.