that has one of six surviving k07ys in the world. he put frances scott key's words to music. you can go look at these original documents in the case when we're done. there's so many ways to start, and i honestly don't know which is the best. but the one that comes to mind to assure you that the work that i've been doing on this whole story may indeed ruffle some feathers and may indeed leave some people not so happy, but in no way in my mind does it demean the incredible artistic expression that is the lyrics to our national anthem and our expression as a national anthem, its power, it's meaning, all of these things, i mean think of it this way, you really liked george washington, and you were told as a kid, he cut down a

cherry tree. and when you grow up, they say well he didn' they were just trying to make him seem great? does that demean your view of washington that that's one of the myths about it. i'm sorry, it wasn't, period, i take my reputation here now nationwide to the fact that, and this will surprise you.t key ha written one song to this melody nine years before the bombardment of ft. kennedy, i'll sing a little bit for you in a bit. the melody had already been set about 60 other times to patriotic purposes here in america, the tune that i'll explain so fully tonight. but most povrm -- we're going to

define all of these things tonight, what is an old english drinking song. and let me start this way, i'm going to step to the piano for a moment. ♪ oh, lord our god arise ♪ confound the enemies of george our king ♪ ♪ send him victorious ♪ happy and glorious ♪ long to reign over us ♪ god save the sing >> no one has a problem of it being based on an original righ it took almost 90 years for that to happen and it's a good point of departure in the whole concept of parody. that's what we're dealing with tonight in so many ways.

the process of parody in the days of the war of 1812 was not a demeaning process. it simply meant taking a melody that lots of people know and writing new words to it. when "god save the king" was singing in britain. and american melody shows up in 1894 -- ♪ god save us all ♪ ♪ god saved great washington. there's lots of parodies in the melody "god saved the king."

so let's again go back to colonial maryland, one of my favorite publications is a lovely, oversized copper book. is the scurvy sailors that people, what do you do with a drunken sailor, that's not a drinking song of the 18th century. people took great pride in and in many cases were very elap rate muse cli, they were more like art music i will address in drinking songs tonight, i want you to appreciate this process

of parody first. let's put it into the context here, as we have a variety of images. this melody on the top holds victory, i guarantee you that was for the navel hero. >> this is commander hull. i'll just give you a little flavor of how cheerfully they played. ♪

>> music takes all sorts of different roles in life and we see this rolling from the revolutionary period into the late 18th century and into the war of 1812. i couldly be projecting -- -- people loved song that were sung after successes. we have to think of social class in terms of the musical context of 18th century america. there were those who could dress better and get private instruction in music and in this case, private instruction in dancing. some of you may recognize this lovely young girl, here we have krurate for -- cukur rate for.

it came back into fashion after the french became our friends again. you can tell we're still dealing with upper class women, on the left, this by coincidence is frances scott key's mother-in-law playing her english guitar, a very appropriate instrument for a lady. it was considered more of a private affair, not appropriate for the ladies back then. on for the men, they could get together in large groups. i think my favorite instrument

is the upper left hand, they call it a punch bowl. not only are there two violinists, but we have a couple of obo players, a slide trumpet player and a hammer -- so these men, unlike the upper class women are encouraged to gather. >> i'm talking about the settled in pennsylvania and they were so much more serious and the fun loving southerners like here in this state. they're having a pretty good job of having fun, aren't they? they too are dancing. notice how much more primitive

their clothing, is but they're having so much fun, the middle one is holding his bow up, like whoopee, i'm having a good time. a bit of evidence making that you may not find in other places. next slide, a little into the 19th century. you start to think of indoor spaces for the middle classes, a private home on the left. the intermingling of the genders is more appropriate here as we get into the next century. next slide please, and we can't forget the most important thing going on musically, is that there is this african inference. many people don't think it took

until the middle of the first century. 1814, or 13, one or the other, became a song as sung by a black sailor and became adapted to the minu minstral stage in the very early 1920s. african instruments become americanized and africans themselves take on some of the characteristics, and indeed, an illustration there on the left, perhaps even emulating some of the upper class white folks in their dance, or mocking them, one or the other. >> that's sort of the cultural world that frances scott key was born into, late 18th, early 19th century america. there's still a lot of class division, there's still a lot of

differences among the genders. back to the idea of social class, here's a typical piece of music for the harpsichord was played for a long time. on the right hand is the piece for the piano forte, celebrating steven decatur. the movement happens a lot quicker in england and in europe than it will in america. think about it, pianos were very expensive. even up to the civil war a piano is not so much a sign of middle class, it was really a sign of the upper class. anyway, the wealthy could afford

to learn how to play -- to do proper fingers, the children of the elderly could get children -- this musical expression applies just to the very tiptop of society. next slide please. what interests me is how does music get to everyone else? all of those who can't afford music lessons, who can't afford to purchase published music or to have really fine instruments? how do they get at music through familiar melodies. on the left is the printing press of isaiah thomas rveg he was a very important revolution nars printer in boston who very narrowly escaped that seizure in the evolution. isaiah thomas had the wisdom to

go back to boston 30 years later. on the right side you see a bound collection of broad sides that isaiah thomas purchased for historic purposes. thomas was the man who founded the american and acquirian societies. these broad sides, this is how we get at the common people in the war of the 1812 era. what is a broad side? let's go to the next slide. there's a broad side. lots of them had nothing to do with music, in this case, it's a tragedy -- broad sides are single sheets of paper, almost always printed, just words, occasion will a wood cut to --

even though it is called truxton victory. it's expensive to print musical notes. how do people interpret the words? it says at the top, in this case truxton victory, the chorus in each case begins of brave yankee boys, we just sing these new words to the brave yankee boys tune and we have a song. that's the con text in which our national anthem was first disseminated as a broad side. it was also circulated in a songster. a true brood side is a legal

side today. but for a songster, you have a song book made up of printed sheets, but the same sort of thing going on, you don't see the same sort of musical notation. in the defense of ft. mchenry, a tune in hecaven. next, please, music also circulates in manuscript form. the battle of baltimore, that's the full tune i'm going to sing for you tonight. can anyone see the beginning of the third line? yankee goodal together. interestedly this manuscript was copied in 1823.

>> there are lots and lots of verses, i'm not going to do them all. but if i go to a chorus, please join me. this in a lot of ways, this is more descriptive than our national anthem. because this talks about the burning of washington. this names the british leaders, the american defenders, listen to some of these details. they're nice and juicy. the battle of baltimore. ♪ come all you brave americans and join the song of glory ♪ ♪ all ye that fought to brave of late and drove them all before ye ♪ ♪ when ross made his approach on land and coburn on water ♪

♪ they thought we beat into their hands ♪ ♪ and if by day or night thigh come ♪ ♪ they'll always find us handy ♪ when co-burn passed the points below and ross had passed the point ♪ ♪ he gave three cheers to say he was not behind sir ♪ ♪ every five minutes it went around, he downward to the steer, sir ♪ ♪ mind the music and the step and with the girls be handy ♪ ♪ now co-burn if you come again to visit us at night sir, don't cry sure are before you that you're exactly right sir smoet ♪ and ross the sense might take, his army may de -- i'll stop

there. because music can tell you how to pronounce people's names. some people say wenter. do you know why he was blind with rum. first of all it's an insult that he was a drinker. that's not relevant, but is relevant is that when he was killed his body was pickled in rum to be sent back to england. it's a boasting song, it's a song of pride where we can talk specifically a things like musket balls we have a few, i fear you cannot stand them.

so coburn cut in our new kill. we hope our soldiers will have skill enough to make them miss it ♪ ♪ then let's yuan dmit by sea an ross they've come we'll stand and drive them. >> so yankee goodal is probably the most parodied song in american history. i would have to guess, at least 200 different versions of yankee doodle survived and they exare. >> they likened the moves on the

dance for to the -- there are plenty of yankee doodles into the civil war. some of you may know that. >> how do you express our political differences and so forth. a man -- specifically maryland's contribution of the star bangled banner to history. he put it so eloquently, i coul. he said there was a very important story to be told out

of baltimore in 1813. and even better than telling the story is singing the story. that's why music becomes such a great vehicle for parody and for history. next slide please. how can we connect this back then to the drinking song, to the gentleman's sort of a club. here we are in the maryland historical society, we hold some of ancient and honorable tuesday club of indianapolis. this is around 1752. anyone been in middleton's tavern in oakland. these guys were on their way to middleton's tavern 250 years ago. they created a club in indianapolis, simply to give themselves something to look forward to, indianapolis was a

pretty dull town in 1745 when they were founded. they would institute this tradition and they created the tuesday club of -- they're marching up the street with instruments. jonas green had this french horn up to his lips to toot away. that's probably dr. alexander hamilt hamilton. the story is they were waking the -- they grabbed him, they go down to middleton's tavern and they write an extended home about how much fun they had.

the poem, it reminds me of dr. seuss. it just rattles off the tongue. it's very rhythmic. beautiful night. they had already mentioned that the great table seemed to grown under the load of their music. the minister at saint anne's church -- they composed most of the music and the modern u.s., the earliest chamber music was not written by the -- so this club spirit, unfortunately, this

particular club, with the death of alexander hamilton -- let's look at this supply of beef sticks, they still meet, they dress up for the occasion, they eat well, they drink well and they sing. wonderful group of men. the first thing he did was take their club song book and made fun of the americans from the british perspective. he liked that. sublime society still in existence. about 30 years after the sublime society was founded, another group of men based in the

theater in -- and remember, 18th century, europe, mid 18th century, the rediscovery of ancient greece and rome. that europe was the center of the world was rattled by the rediscovery of antiquity. so these guys wanted to be on the leading edge, they thought let's go back to an ancient greek poet. this was a statue of the man in paris. this is anacreon. he was a man in fifth century athens, he wrote his homes the

president of the society, ralph tom minute son has -- as if anacreon up in heaven received their request, hey, can we name our club after you. and he wrote lyrics and he actually in this case -- the poem though was set to lyrics, by the next guy. by john stafford smith was not named on the publications of the music for the same reason that frances scott ---you don't want to draw excess attention to you, but anyway, john stafford smith, this is a musician from westminster abby. he was very well established,

very well establisheded and he loved to contribute to these competitions of writing glees for gentlemen's clubs or drinking societies. ♪ to anacreon in seven where he sat with glee ♪ ♪ we send up a petition when the -- voice fiddled and flutes

no longer be mute, i'll lend my name and besides i'll instruct you from me to entwine. venus, vacus, love, wine. look what happens next, though, i'm just saying the first verse. and then we get a four-part chorus. that tells you something. a glee is a song for a soloist with a chorus answering. that's the beginning tradition of the melody to our star spangled banner. if you're a good musician, you might have noticed, bum, bum, bum, bum, that doesn't sound quite right because you expect,

bum, bum, bum, bum. this document is the first appearance of an f sharp in the place where we expect an f natural. he thought that really sounds like a secondary dominant to me, and he thought, i'm just going to change that note. you can find publications of the melody of the star spangled banner, some will have this f-sharp, some won't. the first connection of frances scott key's melodies. the story gets i think more and more interesting. but i think i have already gimp you a reason to understand a few of these other myths. one is