that gives us the opportunity to truly get to all of the above? and why aren't we doing it? how can you help us get this done? >> well, again, the first -- i agree that in-situ is environmentally much preferred than the open pit mine that started with the oil sands because the leaves a lot of the really gunky stuff that we don't want down in the ground. >> but 80 of the new development is in sit u. >> i understand. it's still a little bit more carbon intensive because you're using fossil fuel to heat up the steam. but having said that, it is much preferred than open pit mining. again, it's not a question of why don't we. this is where industry's going because as they develop those sands, they're finding out they're going to have to go deeper and it doesn't make sense economically, the open pit mining. there's also the environmental cleanup issues that they have to

face when you have that open pit mining. the in-situ recovery is much more desirable. >> and you address that problem, too, with in situ, correct? >> again because you're using natural gas to heat up the steam, that is going to cause more carbon. but the refining issues are much easier, all sorts of issues are easier. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i appreciate it. appreciate you being here. >> secretary chu, you've been -- >> secretary, excuse me. >> you've been very generous with your time and we appreciate you being here. so that whether conclude our hearing. >> thank you, mr. chairman. wrapping up american history tv in prime-time tonight we're showing programs on the life and times of president abraham lincoln. beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern,

the president's coat, american artifacts. c-span visits ford's theater in washington, d.c. for a look at the coat abraham lincoln was wearing the night he was shot. and to discuss its preservation and restoration. at 8:30 p.m., life, death and legacy, american artifacts, c-span visits the center for education and leadership across from ford's theater in washington, for a look back at the april, 1865 assassination. then at 9:00, the president and the press. abraham lincoln bicentennial foundation chairman harold holtzer discusses lincoln and the freedom of the press during the civil war. and we wrap it up at 10:30, lincoln and the todd family. author and history professor steven barry discusses the relationships of president abraham lincoln and the todd family. the brothers and sisters of first lady mary todd lincoln. american history tv in prime-time beginning tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern. here on c-span3. and live this weekend on our

companion network c-span the national governor's association 2012 winter meeting being held here in washington. our coverage gets under way at 10:00 a.m. eastern tomorrow with an opening news conference. later in the day, a couple of breakout sessions looking at state economies. and our coverage continues on sunday, with a look at education and childhood hunger, as well as homeland security, and the role of the national guard. live coverage of the annual national governor's association winter meeting this weekend on c-span. >> it is our cause to dispel the foggy which avoids hard decisions in the delusion that a world of conflict will somehow mysteriously resolve itself in to a world of harmony. if we just don't rock the boat, or irritate the forces of aggression, and this is holewash. >> as candidates campaign for

president this year we look back at 14 men who ran for the office and lost. go to our website, c-span.org/thecontenders to see video of the contenders who had a lasting impact on american politics. >> this is also the time to turn away from excessive preoccupation overseas, to the rebuilding of our own nation. america must be restored to her proper role in the world. but we can do that only through the recovery of confidence in ourselves. >> c-span.org/thecontenders. rhode island governor lincoln chafee delivered his second state of the state address at the state house in providence last month. the former u.s. senator told lawmakers that rhode island must catch up with the rest of new england, and outlined his government's $7.9 billion proposal to boost the state's economy. governor chafee was elected to office on january 4th, 2011, and

previously served in the u.s. senate from 1999 till 2007. >> thank you. thank you, speaker. thank you. thank you. thank you very much. mr. speaker, madam president, members of the general assembly, fellow general officers, members of the judiciary, distinguished guests, and my fellow rhode islanders, this evening represents an important chance for us to prepare for the challenges that lie ahead in the upcoming year. but it also offers an opportunity to reflect on where we have been, and to remember those that have come before us. in that spirit i'd like to pay

homage to a friend who died last week, governor garrity, and honor him with a moment of silence. thank you. for governor garrity's long and distinguished career as a legislator, lieutenant governor and governor, he always put the people of rhode island first. that was his key to phenomenal success in politics, and as a person. especially want to remember one aspect of his leadership. governor garrity was a true gentleman. he treated everyone, including his political foes, with dignity. the highest official of our state was completely down to earth, and always approachable. as we prepared to debate the issues of our time and work to address our daunting challenges, let us learn from governor garrity, and treat one another with respect. like him, we're all rhode islanders.

>> yes, we're all rhode islanders, and we all want what is best for the people of this great state. tonight reminds us that for all our different constituencies, rhode island is a single community. when things go well, we all benefit. when things go wrong, we all suffer, and in the last year, we did see some of both. as i reflect on the past year, and the present state of our state, i think of the famous lines of charles dickens from "a tale of two cities." it was the best of times, it was the worst of times. it was the age of wisdom. it was the age of foolishness. we all know the bad news from last year. the worst of times and the foolishness. the statistics are bad. in this last reporting for unemployment, we in rhode island registered 10.8%, a figure made more numbing by those of connecticut's 8.2%, maine at 7%. massachusetts at 6.8%. and new hampshire and vermont at 5.1%.

let me read those again. rhode island at 10.8%. connecticut, 8.2%. maine, 7%. massachusetts 6.8%. new hampshire and vermont, 5.1%. last week, house speaker fox movingly shared with a small business forum we attended his own experiences when his dad was out of work. the mood at the dinner table was different, and not joyous. horizons and aspirations were limited to getting through the day. to have so many rhode islanders out of work is, for many of us, the worst of times, and unacceptable. the status quo is unacceptable. everything good occurs when our people are working. i've always believed that when in trouble, go back to basics. coach bill belichick of our great new england patriots would say that focusing on the

fundamentals, blocking and tackling, is the key to the patriots' success. i would call it the abcs. "a," assets. taking what we have that others don't, and making them work for us economically. "b," budget. being fiscally conservative, but honest about paying for the services we need. and "c," corruption. that is, having none of it. these are the fundamentals, the abcs of our economic revival. and after experiencing last year, i'd like to add a second "c," civility. i think we can all agree that too often some here in rhode island stress the negative. dickens called it foolishness. and frequently the dialogue turns personal and oftentimes completely inaccurate. i firmly believe there is a relationship between this irrational negativity, and our economic fortunes. and, in fact, i've heard this from both rhode islanders and from people across the country. most recently there was a foolish quibble over the distance of the amtrak line from

our airport. the station district has the potential to be a source of good jobs, and that should be celebrated and written about. remember, our charter reads, to hold fortha lively experiment that a most flourishing civil state may stand in best be maintained. with that in mind, let's all tone it down for our challenges are too great. criticism is welcome when it is respectful, fair, and accurate. i'm sure governor garrity would agree. i wouldn't have run for governor if i didn't believe that rhode island can have the best of times. dickens writes of the age of wisdom. so it is appropriate to talk now about the knowledge district, a true asset in our great state. there are only seven ivy league medical schools in the world. and we have one of them. in a newly renovated beautiful building in the knowledge district. nearby are the hospitals. last year i traveled to pittsburgh with diverse rhode island leaders from public and

private sectors, representatives of government, business, labor, academia, and health care. our purpose was to get a firsthand look at the meds and eds, job creating, medical research, educational fields that are played a large role in the revitalization of pittsburgh. it was the third of my series of visits to cities that have successfully capitalized on these high growth industries. from the 62nd story of the university of pittsburgh medical center building, we saw a industrial city renewed. the transformation was on full display, bustling hospitals, world-class universities, and a thriving health care workforce. as pittsburgh was, rhode island is in a period of transition. i believe there's tremendous opportunity for our state to grow our economy in the knowledge district with the meds and eds leading the way. we must have the wisdom and foresight to make good decisions regarding our hospitals, and our

educational institutions. if we do, working with the energetic, talented, and smart may irtavares, we can have the best of times in our hospital city, with good, high-paying jobs for rhode islanders. we are fortunate to have other strong leaders in our state. lieutenant governor roberts has made rhode island a national leader in health care reform. we are only -- we are the only state to receive level two federal funding to help our health benefits exchange. the $58 million will not only generate substantial activity in the rhode island economy, it also helps us establish a marketplace for families and small businesses to buy high quality, affordable health insurance.

it is tragic that central falls fell into bankruptcy. but justice robert flanders led the swift, good-faith negotiations with police, firefighters, municipal employees and retirees that have that historic city on the rebound. the people of central falls have come a long way, and now better days are on the horizon. after receiving an historic $75 million race to the top grant, rhode island received an additional $50 million for early education funding. quality early education is the foundation for student success. these awards resulted in large part from commissioner guest's tireless efforts to bring people

together to improve academic achievement. rhode island is the only state in the country to receive both a race to the top early learning grant and level two health exchange funding. in the two important areas of education and health care, rhode island is leading the nation. and this -- a vibrant tourism industry is essential to rhode island's economic well-being. directors leetch of the department of administration, stokes of economic development, and koith of the department of environmental management were successful in bringing to the final stop of the america's cup world series to newport. this summer it will bring visitors from around the world to stay in our hotels, eat in our restaurants, and enjoy our beautiful state.

in it has been estimated that this event could pump more than $70 million into the state's economy and strengthen the hospitality and tourism industry. one of our greatest economic assets. throughout human history, economic growth has occurred at centers of transportation, and with wisdom and hard work, that is going to happen at the station district in warwick. rhode island airport corporation director dillon, the mayor, and rhode island department of transportation director lewis are working with the airlines, and rail carriers to grow the spokes of the economy around this hub. in my inaugural address just over a year ago, i talked about the department of motor vehicles. under the guidance of lisa holley, the state employees are providing courteous and exceptional service to our

citizens. the dmv has been transformed into an agency that serves the people of rhode island in a prompt, pleasant and efficient manner. in return -- in return for their hard-earned tax dollars, rhode islanders can now expect to be treated with dignity, and to conduct a transaction in well under an hour. they said it couldn't be done. i'd like to take a moment to praise longtime state employee and current director of the department of revenue, rosemary booth gologolli. she is logging long hours on behalf of us all and her involvement has been essential to our success in central falls, the dmv, ongoing progress in east providence, and in many other areas of state government. congratulations, rose, keep up the good work.

i'd also like to recognize the hard work and leadership of commissioner depasquale and carolli and douly. our success as a state depends on strong institutions of higher education and your commitment and dedication to our students is a tremendous asset for our state. and, of course, pension reform. general treasurer armando has led and overhaul of the state pension system. and i honestly do not think this would have happened without the wise decision of senate president and speaker fox to call a special session of the general assembly. i can't -- i can't remember when that last occurred.

but with total focus on one issue, and the courage of this body, the work was done. as governor, i am proud to have served with these good people during the last year. the second of the abcs of economic recovery is having an honest budget. a budget that requires sufficiencies, ensures a civil state, and prepares for the future. well, the future is today for the cities and towns of rhode island. this is particularly true for those that disproportionately depend on state aid, our so-called distressed communities, providence, pawtucket, central falls, west warwick, north providence and now east providence. last five years prior to my taking office state aid to cities and towns was cut by $192 million. this has been an unbearable burden for our distressed communities where state aid has been reduced by 17%. no council, person or mayor wants to raise property taxes,

but despite their best efforts, the tax levee in our distressed communities rose 16% during those years. 17% cut in state aid, 16% increase in property taxes. in communities that can least afford them. over the past several weeks, you have passed and i have signed into law legislation that enabled pawtucket and east providence to borrow just to meet payroll. make no mistake, this is a crisis. we're going to grow our economy and get our people back to work, we have to make this the year of the cities and towns, and work together. we have to work together on behalf of the property taxpayer. and it is about people. at my most recent municipal

strategy session, and at the business community forums, everyone acknowledged the crushing effects acknowledged t crushing effects of the property tax and how it threatens the livelihoods of rhode islandians. people that have worked hard are worried because they may be one property tax payment way from losing their home or business. we must reverse this trend. cuts have led to higher property taxes, stifled job creation, it has also drawn resources from our schools. fup our children to compete r for jobs of the future, he they must have good schools. so let's put our money where our mouth is.

i am proud to announce that my budget maintains education while reducing the financial burden on ripz property tax payers. me budget devotes near 40 doll million million in additional education funding to cities and towns. i wish i could do more. i have continued to insist on a honest budget. this budget proposes a clear way to pay for the substantial and necessary education funding and help for our local communities. it will be supported by a 2 percentage point increase p in the meal and beverage tax. i know this will be controversial, but the money we raise will go to the most important investment we can make, educating our young people and helping the property taxpayer.

in the most difficult times i will fight to ensure our students won't go without while i continue to fight for the property tax payer. at the same time we must empower these municipalities through legislation that strengthening their akt to p make reforms. the fiscal health of our state relies on the well-being of cities and towns and i urge you to join me in this effort. preparing this budget we looked across government and found many targets for efficiencies, and my budget request includes program consolidations and eliminations. yet, we must not forget that rhode island has one of the highest rates of public sector job losses in the nation.

in the last ten years our state work force has been cut by approximately 2,000 people, and our employees have been asked to do more with less. the budget i present to you tonight contains painful cuts. cuts that in more prus prus times i would not have chosen to make. given where we are, where we need to be and the difficult road ahead, the prirmts in this budget are necessary. the cost of health and human service programs has climbed for the most rapidly in recent years than any other sector in state government. unavoidable and unfortunate this is where many cuts must occur. we need to control our spending and bring our costs in line with our neighbors. we must also ensure that no one is unfairly taking advantage of our state's programs. my budget proposal includes new funtding for the office of health and human services to crack down on waste and fraud.

we must preserve the services for the most vulnerable rhode islandians like medicaid for the poor and sub sid diesed child care for low income families. to protect vital services i propose a modest expansion of sales taxes to a handful of nonessential goods and services. while i do not like raising taxes on anyone, i sought to minimize the impact of these proposals on working families. it is important to note that our neighboring states have made revenue increases during these difficult times giving sernltd to businesses and improving their economies. last year we were fortunate that state revenues came in stronger

than expected and significantly reduced our projected deficit. this year our revenues are, again, surpassing estimates, and i am cautiously hopeful that our budget outlook will improve later in the spring preventing the need for some of these cuts and new revenues. all the budgets i have submitted in my career look to the future, and this one is no different. we must be a state that maintains its infrastructure so residents and visitors can safely and comfortably get to where they need to do and companies can ship their goods. we must be proactive about infrastructure improvements to avoid costly repairs in the future and we must pay for it honestly. this is why my budget proposal builds on the reforms passed last year by advancing the vehicle registration and driver's license fee increases to the coming fiscal year. we can responsibly address our state's transportation deficit

and provide much-needed revenue for urgent maintenance and repair projects for our roads and bridges. we must be a state that provides certainty. a state where government is responsible and disciplined in its approach it to fiscal matters. a state that creates an environment of predictability and steadiness that gives businesses the confidence to invest, expand, and create jobs. we must catch up with the rest of new england. we must make rhode island a state primed for job creation but also supports the existing business base and helps it to grow. that is why tonight i am announcing the creation of the governor's jobs cabinet, the department of labor and training director foe gerty will coordinate the jobs cabinet efforts to retain and expand existing businesses, attract and cultivate employers in high-growth industries and develop a skilled work force that meets the business demand. additionally, over the past year

the secretary has been working tirelessly to develop a convenient, accessible and timely one-up stop system to make it easier to start and conduct business in rhode island. these two state leaders recognize as i do that there's no excuse for rhode island to be lagging behind our neighbors. we need action now. on the same note we must provide access to capital and encourage innovation. i have heard from many rhode islandians who have exciting and promising ideas and nare unable to obtain the needed resources to invest in new technologies, expand operations or start a new company. this is an area where we need to work together with experts and develop a plan for rhode island to strategically invest our

state and private assets in types of industries that will bring good jobs to our state. we must be a state that provides certainty to our veterans. sadly, there's take new wave of rhode islandians returning home from the front. rhode islandians with unmet needs. because any sacrifice so much for us, rhode island must be a state that honors and respects these fine people. [ applause ] to in this legislative session i will work with you on

legislation that improves and expands veterans services to help these rhode islandians that have done so much on our behalf. to all the veterans tonight and those watching or listening at home, thank you for the service to our state and to our country. you make rhode island proud. [ applause ] finally, it is important to keep vigilant on the sea of the a, b, cs corruption. we must have a state where government sois open and transparent. it darkened the narc's image of rhode island. this discouraged businesses from locating or expanding here. working with the attorney general and the rhode island state police, we are changing thision and earning the trust of the people who sent us here. our constituents must know that we are making decisions