they enter more jobs and become more junior managers, they have stopped making progress at the top in the last ten years, we are basically stuck in corporate america, 15%, 16% of c-level jobs and board jobs, in you look at the numbers in the rest of the developed world, they are stag nating. if you are polling women, they are not as am ambitious as men. in the united states, 36% will say their ambitious, and india is 85%. so ironically, in the places where you have the equality of education, do you not have the personal ambition levels and i

could go all day on the reason for the cause. i'll say it quickly. we do not raise our daughters to be as ambitious, there was t-shirts that were sold that said, smart like daddy, and pretty like mommy. little girls were called bossy. i was called bossy. i challenge you, go find someone and watch them call a little boy bossy. you won't see it. they are not bossy, that's the natural order of things. we have tried to equalize things notice workforce, we have not equalized things in the home n a couple both work completely full time, the woman does more than twice as much in the home as the man. you cannot get to equality when you are not in the home. and the most important point is that success and likability are

positive for women and negative for women. as a man gets more powerful and successful, he is better liked, as a women gets more powerful and successful, she is less liked. we reward men every step of the way for being leaders and being competitive and taking risk and we teach women as young as four, lay back. be communal. and until we change that at the personal level, we cannot change this. and we really have to go out and say, there's an ambition gap, we need our girls to be as ambitious as our girls. and boys need to contribute in the home and our girls need to be achieve in the workforce. [ applause ] >> point well taken, but isn't there a dang that are you are

letting ceos off the hook, they are saying until parents raise their daughters with great eequ equality we cannot achieve it? >> equal maternity leave, how do we expect the husbands to do as much as the wives if they do not get maternity leave. we need to let men leave and take care of the child too. we need men to understand the success and likeability point if women. it's super important. if you watch, and you watch the ceo, typically a man, talk about his senior team, he goes around, talks about everyone's strength and weaknesses and he gets to the one woman that reports to him and he says she is great at her job and she is not as well liked as the men.

with no understanding, of course she is not. that is what the data shows clearly. we need to understand that when men negotiate for their own salaries, everyone wants to work with them more but if women do it, they want to work with them le less, you talk about that, and the next time a woman negotiates they have a different reaction. that comes from the top. understanding that there's different challenges and the structures to support them have to come from the very top. >> men, you are back on the hook. we agree about the educating of girls and the importance of it. and the world economic forum, believes it in, but 83% of the people here are still male. so i want to raise the issue of

quotas. i would like to throw issue among the rest of you. is that a way to accelerate progress, would you recommend it? i'll throw it out the whoever wants to grab it. michelle? >> my experience has been interesting. five or six years ago, they offer voluntary quota, and then they made it mandatory, when they finished all the boards of the companies, all the studies show higher performance. one of the things, it's not quota for quota, it's what are women contributing? what can they do better? and all the studies show that women can improve the performance being in a board or senior management team, or beengine -- or being in a difference position. women can improve the quality of politics and improve the kind of

policies that can be implements, and it's true, we have to link quota with merits but why only talk about that when talking about women, we need men in any position with the right capacity and right merit. it's a false dilemma, because to women, we ask them to be perf t perfect. we need everyone to be as good as possible. >> and as you know, india has past legislation to require 1/3 at any one time of the local village councils to be headed bid women and there's -- headed by women and there's been results showing that there are better outcomes and more investment in water, which is typically women's work. different perspectives. would anyone else like to tackle that issue of quotas? >> i'll say, i've lived in a

society that judged me on something very silly. the color of my skin. and people talked about us they legislated about us, and then low and behold, they are surprised that because they have not invested in us, they have not asked how we feel about what ever, they are able to pontificate about us. we are doing the same, really, with women. we were discriminated against on the basis about which i can do

nothing. i can try until i'm blue in the face, blue, i cannot change the color of my skin. we have gone from there and we penalize people for something they cannot do anything. their gender and we are surprised that having made laws, that benefit others, that the performance on this side -- it will satisfy, oh, look, they are not so good. and, well, then the world looks up and you remove these artificial barriers and the

world discovers that there's a nelson mandela coming out of this community, and i believe we put ourselves in poverty when we do what we do to women. we are actually made for this inter dependence that each brings peculiar gifts, and attributes. when we are dealing with the truth and reconciliation and they found out something interesting. they said, when the men came to the truth and reconciliation committee almost all the time they told a story about

themselves. equally, when women came almost all of them told a story about someone else. >> about others. >> yes. but there's -- we are really putting ourselves in poverty. there are gifts that will develop as they mesh into other gifts. >> we men find ourselves very interesting. i would like to know open it up to some questions from the audience. the lights are such that it's hard for us to see. but raise your hand if you would like to ask a question, we have a couple of mics here, if you hand it to somebody with their hand up that would be great.

>> hello. yes. hi. -- there's another mic coming to you. >> i'm from korea. very much women are discriminated, i want to touch on a few simple questions. i appreciate what you said, i wonder if women's leadership should always be based on ambition, we do not want to be like men. therefore our vision should be succeed to serve. that is my motto. i just want to touch on it. it's knowledge based economy. not the same ambition with men

drive. that banking has destroyed the world. i look at the -- this is such an important entity. just such a sad to see such an important cause work like a treaty did not work. my dream is, how do you take on women's initiative creating opportunities for women and let women talk about the issue, if it's not passed so the environment or global warming issue is not happening. how do we especially power using it -- >> we are short on time. >> can we last comment. >> we want to give several people a chance -- >> can i? could you?

i'm am ambitious here? >> ten seconds. >> in thailand, 1/4th of the men are traveling to thailand for human trafficking. >> i'll be fast. you know, so i think your question on ambition to lead and ambition based on vision are not exclusively mutual at all. those that want to change the world understand they need a leadership role, but we need women to have impact and it has to be okay for them to have the ambition to lead as well. without it, we will stay in a world that is completely run by men. >> i just, i want to add little thing to that question.

i think that it's important to have the ambition, it's important to have the education from the home and it's important also in the society to have big models, very -- the story of a president haluyan, she was nine years president in fin land, and she want to school and asked the kids what do you want to be when you get older, common answers, she asked a little boy, six years old, don't you want to be president of finland and he said, no men cannot be president of the republic, because all his life he has seen women in the presidency. so, we need -- in terms of creating this -- in my culture, ambitious sounds bad because we were taught that way.

but it can be a positive. quickly, i used my time. we have an opportunity now, in june, we have the high level summit on the three pillars of environmental sustainment. we are working strong to make a reality all the political correct statements that women are in the central of the solution. so we are working strong, we will have a very high level with head of states and government and we want men by us. because as tutu said, we need men and women working for women's rights and women's empowerment. >> and the problem of woman in tie land, i think on the poirst thing that we have to go back to the root cause of the problem, that

the education must be in place in terms of giving them the chance of study and equalize of the -- between male and female, so we have to bridge this gap, i like the policy in thailand, we set up the foundation of the female t first objective of the foundation is first thing to help t access on the financial, because they need the basics of financial to survive themselves. i do not think that lady will do something bad for ourselves if they have an enough money. so this is the first thing, that is why it's help for women to access the financial. and give them the opportunities to get the knowledge and help them in terms of the legal, because sometimes without education, so they don't understand how to survive and protect themselves, especially the female use, this is more

important, so that is why we say that education will come -- will go along with female and last thing that we need to give the world everyone to understand the -- understand the underneath of the female, in fact that our female, as myself that i can say that, if as along we give t opportunities to them good the balance on the male and female must be implicate together. and ambitious is important but the qualification is more important. that will be -- that cannot be separated from male and female. so it will be equalized. so, we have to give the chance

for both male and female in politics, especially in tie land for female will be the symbol of nonviolence, i think if we have population of men and women mixed together so that we can fill in what the males do not cover. but of course, a female cannot do better than male in some areas. that means to compliment and nonviolence will help in thailand. mr. tutu will say that. i use as the feminine to come up with other people and move thailand forward. thank you. [ applause ] . >> i have to say that you speak better english than i do. >> let's, we will take a couple

more questions and then try to answer them collectively because we are running low on time. >> thank you very much. margaret from kenya, i want to agree with sandburg that raising our children can be different. whatever difference is at the home front gets carried over for a very long time. we have a new institution, we said that all political positions should go to women. we are still searching for those women to come forward and in spite of the fact that education has given us a number of women. out of the thailand experience p how do you deal with the socialization cultural. how is it that you are okay, you say that you do not have -- you

have gender equality at this level, do you have that and how did you deal with it? >> there's no ambition gap here in this audience. i would like to encourage other questions, we will take a few questions and address them together. >> gary, the sub text of violent abuse and oppression that is in the world of many women and girls, what is the work being done in that area? >> i'm interested in sex selection and how the very fundamental of unchoosing of girls before they can prove themselves and provide models for other women in the world, how that effects you and what thoughts you have on that. >> and -- sex selection, yeah.

let's take those questions and also let me just to mix it up a bit throw in one more and then each -- the question i would like to throw out is whether a world in which there's greater gender parity would look different. and in particular, i think, it strikes me that, you know, the most, the strongest and best advocates for greater eequalled are not bleeding heart columnists, it's the hard american generals in afghanistan, because one of the thing they was learned is that if more girls are going to school in a particular district, there are fewer attacks on soldiers there. so, you get these generals sitting around a conference table and one minute they are talking about air strikes on the tal i ban, and then they are trying get girls in school. though -- they know the

difference it makes in afghanist afghanistan. sherrill, let's start with you, would this kind of a world be difference and look different? >> the saying at the world bank in the early '90s, make sure the money goes to the women, because the women will spend it on their children and the men will spends it on whiskey and other women. it's clear that women spend money on their children and then it's 30% to 40%. i think it will make a difference, i think it will a more peaceful world. women in power, women in power do not have guns and do not rape people. i would say, we might as well try it.

can't get worse. but i think that a world where we are -- a world where we are using the population, the gifts of all of our population. warren buffett famously said that one of the reasons he has succeeded in life is because he had to compete with half of the population. why not use the talents of the entire population to address the very considerable needs this world has? >> thank you. [ applause ] for me, i go back to my original point thatfy look at it from auto economic point of view. the world bank, they came up with the study that showed that there's a direct correlation between growth and gdp and better gender pairity. if i look at it from global economy, it haser >> thank you, michelle.

>> they ask -- we did two things. early childhood education, that is important, because boys and girls learn, and they grow with the same values and opportunities and second, look at the textbooks and the television and the films, we look at the images they are sendsing. in ours it was always the doctor the men, and the women the assistant with a short skirt and sexy. we took those images out. i think we need to look at it in the deep roots of them. many of the families, when they have a son, the older parents stay with him. when they have a daughter, this daughter goes to live at the husband's house and the parents have nobody to take care of

them. we can speak about different things, but we tell the things we need to change so we can have a better world for all, and everyone has spoken here. we will have, i would say a world without hunger, without poverty or less hunger and less poverty. and hopefully more peaceful and of course, more equal and balanced. >> i -- [ applause ] there's to question at all that ultimately the goal should be a more peaceful world. i have asked that -- i can't think of a mother who carries a child for nine months in a womb happily and readily saying i don't mind if this child becomes

cannon fodder. i think i'm -- women -- in and of themselves are those who bring to life and are nurturing, and help -- help, help us to become more -- i mean, the expression, the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world is true. it is true. it is -- i think, i'm not a

psychologyist, but i think men, we men, are among the most pin secure creatures in the world. we -- in order for us to compensate for this we are macho, you know. and yet who are in fact the people that we admire most, revere? it doesn't turn out to the the macho. you could say many things about mother teresa, but macho would not be one of them. when you look at someone like

ghandi, it's a gentleness, a tough gentleness that is something that we find. i hope i'm in the -- i might -- before i go into the grave see a world which is more gentle, which is more caring, which is more sharing. in our country, we have an expression that a mother can share even the eye of a fly. women, generally, are those who nurture, who bring to life, and who hold life together.

and for goodness sake, let's -- we have tried for centuries, we have made a mess. let -- let them try out. >> all right. >>. [ applause ] >> prime minister. >> so i think that it's been expressed, i would like to ada poi -- add, a point, if women which a chance to be leadsers. the first thing on the area of the female don't have, the first and another thing that the social -- you will see the world has someone who is caring. and caring about the children or kids, this is a good combination between male and female and