who are in the private sector and we -- this is not the first time. i have couple of my colleagues on the cabinet who met with them. and we communicate, we feel strongly that in libya, you have three pillars that should work together to support and create libya and that is the government private sector and the civil society. the civil society is flourishing, it's doing a great job there and we meet with them and things are going very well. >> let's take lisa. i think we have wrong -- one last round of questions, so let's take three or four questions? >> mr. prime minister, thank you for your remarks, my question for you is this, would you

welcome the russian companies back to libya and will your government honor the contracts and deals struck under the gadhafi regime, what are the projects, including with the russian participation which have been suspended? are you -- do you discuss -- do you discuss these things with the russian government? thank you. >> yes, sir, please? >> university of maryland, and libya scolar, i have two part question that focuses on two things. secretary clinton praised the improved democracy of libya under your leadership which you

have spoken well of this morning. can you tell us your government's thinking about including the berber and the jewish community that once lived in libya for over 2,000 years and in this regard, can the jewish community of libya hope for a symbolic recognition of its important, religious and cultural heritage, such synagogues and houses on of learning that were destroyed by the gadhafi regime. i know that young people are not even aware of this community on libyan soil, and are curious to find out, especially from their parents and grand parents who tell them about their good relations with their libyan

neighbors for many, many centuries and hope. ly at the future. i'm with the and i'm a libyan american, let me commend you and thank you for your team, we support you and in fact we would like to see more of you. first question with regards to on transparency, is it possible for you to just convey on a more weekly or daley basis what it is you are doing, because at least for those of you here, i'm based in d.c., it seems like we are getting more of the indications from the transitional government than the national transition -- so, i would like to hear from you, what kind of training do you see is needed for

organizations that are planning to come to libya so we can help out in the development of civil society, thank you? >> please, sir? >> yes. concerning russia, we wished that russia would have felt what was going on in libya during the past -- during the eight months of the revolution. you know, did they see what was happening? i don't know. i hope they didn't. was it okay if they saw what was

happening and never cared? i would say maybe never cared is not necessarily the proper word. but whether they had the political agenda that served their own objectives in this world? they have the right to. are we happy with how russia responded to the situation? respectfully no. do we welcome russia to come back and work on projects? yes, as long as they do not serve the past regime and have no connections with them. do we honor contracts? i tell you, yes, but after reviewing them they have to be

legal and we have to make sure that corruption was not a major part of it. i hope i answered your questions. so, yeah. by all means, we want to be a positive force in this world, in a small way. based on our size. but i tell you, you know, i mean this was a costly revolution, it was not easy. and i hope our russian friends realize that. so, yeah, you are welcome to come back. keep in mind that we don't want the past regime anymore and we are not going to take it anymore. and we don't want to even smell it anymore. so, but yeah, you -- i guarantee you we will honor our contracts. the minorities?

you know, i lived in half of my life in tripoli. and tripoli, and it was in the center of time. in fact, that was where i was born and next door we had maybe one block from where i was born and raised was a catholic church, a big one. and we had an entire community around us. and i never felt that there was a problem, up know? i mean, we communicate sad, by way, spoke a bit of italian, you know? and two blocks, i remember exactly where, diagonally, from where i lived, i don't know, two

blocks this way and two blocks that way. you -- we had the synagogue, you know? just across from my house we had a jewish family living there. i remember the name of the son was my age, clemo, his name was clemo. and so there was no problem. you know, what causes problems is when you have a hidden agenda. if i had a hidden agenda, you would not want to work with me, i want to be transparent and clear and we want to work together. if that is the case, and that is difficult, it's really difficult, you know? if we get to that point, i think the world would be a fantastic world to live in.

but, in our government, first of all, i tell you i'm a, firm believer that i don't. and maybe this is wrong, i don't know. i do not ask somebody to serve on my government just because he is from this sector, this group or that group. that is not my criteria, if that happened, i'm a, firm believer that it's all over the government. be it ttapu or whatever you wan to call it. or arab or this or that and i tell you this sincerely, we have two ladies on our cabinet, strong, capable and a good job,

one of them is here, and i'm pleased and honored to be on the same team to work together. another one is -- she is the health minister. one of the toughest jobs in libya, health care is crazy, you know? so, that is two. and then we have a berbe, i did not select her, i did not know he was a berber, he was under the secretary and the secretary resigned and then he took over, so i lived in a place where people from difference origins and backgrounds were there but we never asked each other, where are you from? okay? and when i came here to the states i felt the same way. i served on -- with, you know,

another group and minorities activities and things like that, but in libya it's not -- you know, the gadhafi regime created this feeling, it never existed as far as i was concerned. so i guarantee you, it will be a different libya. transparence, see, i told you, we have woman and young ladies in libya that we are so proud of. this is a difficult question, i cannot answer all of it, but i'll touch parts of it. in terms of transparency, if nothing he is, fighting corruption and transparency are two things that we want to make sure that we -- that they exist strongly. so we have been doing whatever we can. our books are open. anybody can look into them.

i mean, legitimate groups can look into them. and we are -- i'll be talking today to the world bank, we want to see how we can create even more transparency into the system. we will be also looking into the open government concept. sending someone higher level to attend this coming -- the up coming conference in brazil. so -- but we are very serious about this. i mean, corruption has been -- libya was up there in the -- in that scale, you know? we do not want that to happen anymore. so we work very hard. now, this is -- she raised, mentioned that we are not, we are not in the media telling people what we are doing.

and yes, indeed, this is a problem. you know, it's a mistake. it's a mistake, but it's just natural, most of us are just technocrats we have not done politics before, and we never cared to be in the media, personally feel if i do it too much, people will say, gosh, he is there all the time. now we have appointed a gentlemen who is well spoken, articulate and he will be our spokesman, so, yes, indeed, you are right. we have not done it before. we never cared, we felt it was a short time anyway, so you do not need to do it. but we missed the point. so, we, you know, you'll see and hear more about what we do. the role of the ntc, that is the legislative body, and we are the executive one if you want.

of course, because it's something new, in our country, so times there are interactions, we try to draw the line, and it will work out. thank you very much. i'm afraid this is all the time we have. >> let me please ask you to first remain seated until the prime minister leaves, and then, joining me in thanking the prime minister for answering your questions and all his remarks and wish you all the best in rebuilding libya. >> thank you. [ applause ] >> please remain seated.

>> president obama heads to prince george virginia today, he is peebi ispooking at -- he is g at a plant that makes jet engines. >> hemingway was a great author but do not know of him as a spy. >> he was aware of boats approaching fishing boats and say we will take your food. he said i'll wait until they come to their side and then we will lob hand grenades down the open hatches and then we will

machine gun the germ ans deck. >> nicholas reynolds on hemingway the spy. sunday night at 8:30, part of american history tv. this weekend on c-span 3. >> general james mattis is in charge of military operations in the middle east, he spoke in a conference in ottawa, this is just over an hour. >> ladies and gentlemen, let me briefly refresh your memory of the background of the next speaker, you have it in your program. >> translator: willihile visiti our conference, general james mattis is now commandser, of the u.s. central command in the u.s.

>> he is a u.s. marine corp general officer who served in 2007 to 2009, in which capacity he graced our speaker's platform at our 2009 july general meeting. we are delighted to welcome him back in his capacity as commandser, u.s., central command, ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming general mattis to our podium. [ applause ] >> thank you, ladies and gentlemen, and for all of you, it's great to be back here once again. general walt, and general sir david and all of you, dr. coenthank you for asking me back, in light of some of my remarks i do not get invited

back. i have to recognize my old friend general amult and ambassador anderson, two friends that were great advisers for what seemed like a 17 year assignment to nato, it was only two years. but it's an honor to follow minister mckay, anyone who sat in brussels is very much aware of just how fortunate canada is to have an articulate, unapologetic minister of defense who has the ability to express what we with all have feel about a civil issan military gap that we have to close. [ applause ] >> thank you. i'm not quite sure what is in the water up north here, but

you'll tell you that i come often to get frank and candid advice had is what you get from true friends. they tell you what you need to hear not what you want to hear. that continues with commodore jiles and the canadian officers that you assigned to my staff. it's interesting that his predecessor, when i was called by a head of state in the middle east to bring in an american planning team had a canadian general walk into the king's a aw audience and said i'm here to commit the u.s. government. it shows the level of trust we have between us and do to our service together, you may be aware of my proud connections to can that and the canadian

forces, i spent many of my boy hood summers on a farm south of winnepeg, and my grant father was wounded at cambray, a wonderful outfit, called the little black devils, of course, named as they were by the enemy. you can fast forward from there, to early january 2002. minister mckay spoke about kandahar, my marines have been fighting around kandahar only a few weeks when your light infantry arrived and reminded us on the battlefield the special bond we share along this long border, and especially a bond we share after stopping invading your country.

princess pa tricsha brigade -- give this to you so you understand i am aware it did not start with me and it will not end with me and my deep appreciation, because i'm here to may my respects to you, your country and your forces. i'll tell you that your forces for their ethical high spirit and competentrf earnedthe admiration of the u.s. government. thank you. the converon forces you'll need is one we have struggled since 1991. it began with thinkers trying to get the issues in front of us. i thought i would share a few words of of caution based on the

mistakes we have made. t the foreseeable future is not. that is the first point i would make. i have had a number of very brilliant people come in and tell me about the foreseeable future and then i found myself miserable on a hill side as their foreseeable future did not match my reality. i so i tell you i'll be a bit modest here, let me give you a short story. i got the phone call from the secretary general a few years ago, ray when you were the senior military service in all of nato, and he beat the president to the phone call. he called and said you'll be the supreme allied officer for transformation, and i read about it myself in shoes of other people that knew they had

to transform and ifrom today, i was cisitting in with ashingt d. d.c., and sitting there, saying, i will bet not one of them set i think the royal navy will sail right up that river and burn this town to the ground. i said some of my frustration with d.c., if they decide to do it again, i'll sign on.hower, i those are kind of old timy folks, let's go back 101 years ago, and it's now 1911 and what would we think we needed?

we have the arm strung out keeping the eye on the indians, i tell people i'm part american indian, had i been the general, we would still own the land. but if someone had said, no i think we will be fighting in europe with airplanes overhead and man wearing gas masks charging into -- they would is have been laughed out of the room. so, take it -- i thought, well, we are smarting today than those people, let's look at it today. in 2001, june, i'm the senior military and rumsfeld is getting a brief and a young fine service what we call on ofour jedi nights was getting frustrated trying to explain what kind of forces we needed in the future to this new secretary of defense and his deputy, and he puts his hand on the map, june 2001, and said let me tell

you what part of the world we will not be fighting in. six months later i was in afghanistan. so, i would just suggest that surprise is going to be a very dominant characteristic and to quote the development and doctrine center, surprise will continue to dominate our future. forecasting a future with startling events and change. that makes us humble as we look toward the future. you and i know we cannot wait on change, we cannot wait for to t caught wrong footed. studying history has helped me when i went to the nato job to reveal some of the characteristics that we ar with. and we look at current an then

past history of transformation efforts that succeeded or failed and a point i learned f gray was this, we cannot adopt, we in the westerncaot adopt a s ular approach to war because the enemy will generally move toward our perceived weakness, if we decide we will only count counter insurgency, or we will only fight conventional war, the enemy will go to the weakness. it's simply the paradox of war. that said, there are sign posts, i think from recent campaigns, and if you look at bosnz neknee rwanda, they have a poorly fought conventional fight with significant unconventional as pictures.

if you look at second lebanon, you find a largely unconventional fight fought in south lebanon, with significant conventional aspects. you are seeing, and i do not like putting words like this in front of war, you are seeing a high brid of war that we have, so present in our experience and database, these are wars fought among the people. among innocent people. they are often fought in urbanized terrain and civilian villages. and with the west using a legalistic structure means that what we is seeing as more and m our enemies have a wider belief

of what is accep as a target. let me explain. no matter what kind of war we find years we will probably have to deploy, today we defend not just a ogrealm, we defend a relm of ideas, human rights and civilization that grew out of the enlightenment and general sir david reminds us on of a shared responsibility that we have. it's no nation can do it on its own as we protect our shared values. and i will tell you the canadians in the audience, that i have senior soldiers from nonmining operations and they represent the very best of our operations, whether it's hunting down enemies in afghanistan to

protect the afghan people from what is a mid evil enemy who would deny women and others basic human rights. if you look at the hodge poj of fights that we have been in, it is clear to me, for nato forces, this is about the deployment piece, collective defense makes deployment a reality. if we are going to wor all of us will deploy. let me choose italy for an example, it is as far from rome to avenfghanistan as it is from afghanistan to the balti and for canadian forces to deploy to a crisis to the soldier getting on the airplane to the sailor getting under way, it's simply a deployment. and the distance that