innerability. that means we have to maintain our aggressive efforts to reduce our dependence on overseas oil from potentially volatile places in the world to use our energy more efficiently. by deploying to afghanistan with solar blankets to charge radios and other electronic items, one marine patrol drops 700 pounds in batteries from their packs. and they don't need to be resupplied, as often. using less fuel in the long run. for every 50 gallons of fuel we bring into afghanistan, a marine is killed and wounded.

that's too high for us. being efficient in what we do is part of that, and we're lot of things. from replacing light bulbs and dvds to replacing smart grids and reeders. but we have to do more than just be store efficient. that still leaves us buying too much from those who may not be our friends and who may not have our best interests at heart. all you have to do is watch the news on emerging threats and multiple threats to inner

security. we are too vulnerable in this area. we would never allow some of these countries to build our ships or our aircraft or our ground units but we give them a say on whether those ships sail, those ground vehicles fly or aircraft operate. and the bigger surprise is the spikes that come from oil. oil is a global commodity, and the price is set globally. sometimes on speculation, and no more than rumor. but every time the price of oil goes up a dollar a barrel, it costs the united states navy $31 million in additional fuel costs. when libya started last spring, the price of oil went up 38 there are a -- $38 a barrel almost overnight.

libya is an oil producer. but in the global scheme, it's not huge. but that one operation, that one uprising caused the price of oil to shoot up almost $40 a barrel. and for us that was a $1.1 billion bill that we had to pay. and the only place that i or any secretary has to go to get that money is out of operations. so it meant that we steemd less, we flew less. we did train less because of that. even iran voted to close the straits of hermuth boosts the price of oil. as the people in this room know so well, when you run a military

operation, you look at vulnerabilities. you look at vulnerabilities by potential adversaries, but you also look at vulnerabilities of your own force. when i was nominated for this job and began to be briefed on the department of the navy. energy dependence jumped out as one of the biggest opportunities we've got together is it's a matter of security. it's a matter of national security. it makes us a better military force. and with canada providing leadership -- there's a lot more

we can do to improve our defense, stabilize our energy forces and create a more secure world. conta cain and others started us on this course, and it remains the right course for us today together. i think president obama said it best two months during a bilater bilateral. perhaps more two nations. i believe that as long as our course together is guided by our shared values and principles, we will prevail as two partners, t two. in the words of your national anthem, strong and free. god bless canada. god bless the united states.

thank you all very much. [ applause ] >> questions? >> to ask questions in the usual manner, go to the microphone, identify yourselves, please. >> good morning, mr. secretary. i'm david radford from the department of defense. can you talk a little more about the partnership's angle? your strategic alliance mandated more cooperation with countries who had frontages under the pacific ocean. so tell me, what exactly are the administration's expectations of the allies? if you could wave a magic wand over the specific basin, what air and sea capabilities would

you like to see your allies acquire and maintain in the years to come? >> well, one thing i think it's important to note is that while our new strategy calls for a focus on the western pacific and the arabian gulf regions, this is not new for either of us. this is not new -- a new focus for the united states or canada to be in the pacific. in fact, our fleet right now is 55% in the pacific, 45% elsewhere. and we're gradually going to move that to we're at 60% in the pacific. in terms of our allies, we want to keep doing what we're doing in things like surface and anti-submarine capabilities, and

i saw a myriad of ways to overcome the tyranny of distance in the pacific. canadaprecitates in rim pack, and every single time that that has been -- that's the largest maritime exercise in the world. canada is one of only two countries that has been there every single time that rimpac has happened. to be operable with us, to cross deck with our ships and our submarines, to cross deck with our aircraft in terms of training, in terms of doctrine, in terms of operations in how we do it, if i could wave my magic wand, i think i would be pretty close to where we are today, which is closely cooperative, which is making sure that we do exercise together, making sure that our platforms are compatible, making sure that

our -- both leadership officers, but also our total force, knows how each other operates by common education, common training and that we approach the pacific together as partners and not as two separate nations going into that region alone. yes, sir. >> thank you. my name is matthew eric. i'm a journalist within the united states. i was going to pose my question in regards to some of the military buildups that we've been seeing right now across the pacific basin, obviously, and a various number of leading military officials across china, the most recent of which was a daitsu have been warning they've

seen things like the military bases being built north of australia as well as the air and naval applied to the united states in that region. our defenses are against china. if you had a chance to speak to these officials, what would you say his response to their concerns? >> well, for one thing, what we would like is we would like engagement with china. we would like to approach these issues together. we'd li transparency on what they're doing, on their military buildup. we want to make sure they're behind the capabilities they're requiring. we want to know how we've ended been in the western papa, do not sell?

we're going to insist on freedom of navigation, we're going to make sure goods and services can move freely and openly, not only there but around the world. and we can do that better together the fact that we are in the western pacific is not new. it is not -- it is something that is a part of what we have done for decades and will continue to do for decades to come. we are moving our marines from a concentration in okinawa to guam to manage the rotational force into australia, because we have trained with the australians, again, for decades. and we will continue to do that. we also are going to continue to be very active in the region in doing things like partnership building and humanitarian

assistance. our marines get a request for humanitarian assistance or disaster relief on an average of one to every three weeks. and many of those are in the pacific, and we will have our forces where they need to be in order to get those things done. >> morning, sir. >> morning. bernard you r your comments this morning. continuing with the asia pacific team. could you identify key american interests in the asia pacific as it is today, and how american naval might be deployed to best those interests. >> i think i just mentioned some of the key american interests not only in the western pacific or south china sea, but everywhere, which is free

movement of ships and goods, freedom of navigation. the straits of malaka, 40% of the world's trade goes through those straits annually. we, for the good of the economy, not only of north america but for the world, need to make sure that those lanes remain open, that they remain free of any piracy or any sort of thing that might block them. we are going to -- as i said, we've had a persistent presence. we have a carrier homeported in japan, we have marines and air assets in okinawa. i think you'll see in the future -- i know you'll see in

the future latour combat ships are the newest ships being deployed to singapore. you'll see other things be like. i don't think you'll see a big change in where our assets are, but there will be some movement the -- and they continue to be a very specific presence in the western pacific. one of the reasons i think that is important is that when we routinely send carrier strike

groups or amphibian groups through whatever bodies of water there are in the world, if there's an incident, if there's a misunderstanding, we don't offset it by carrying on a strike group. it's already there. it's part of a normal presence. it's a part of what we do on a day to day basis. i think it's important that we have that particularly in the western pacific. >> my name is bob near, retired army and member of the administration. one of the things i have. in the last decade or so, it has been this comprehensive approach involving all instruments of that wasn't mentioned anywhere

in what you were saying. so i wonder if you could tell us where that concept is going? would you say that the u.s. see seems. is it still within the u.s. concept. also inside our own, whether it's military or diplomatic rescues. and i think this -- the thing that our strategy has said long term sta, large.

and moving more mobile, flexible, age ilforce, to be quick quicker to respond to things. the lesson focused on long-term security and stability operations on the ground is one of the big changes that occurred in this new defense strategy, security strategy, but certainly not the comprehensive approach that we need to take. the last thing i'll say is that one of the things that our sailors have to learn to be is not only good war fighters and good sailors, they have to learn to be diplomats. because one of the -- for a lot

of people on earth, the only americans they will see are sailors, and we have to handle ourselves very well when we go into some of these countries. so thank you. >> secretary, good morning. thank you very much for your presence and your participation. my name is alec morrison and i represent roy rhodes university. in your presentation, you indicated the amount of oil that goes to the united states from canada. and we regard that as a very significant part of our export program. however, recent events have indicated that perhaps we might not be able, in the future, to sell as much oil to the united states as we would like, and we are now going offshore to look for other customers. would it disturb you, the

government and the navy, if the united states did not continue to purchase that amount of oil from canada, and how would it be if you had to go to other offshore, perhaps more unreliable, countries to assure that your ships can sail and your planes can fly? >> well, number one, as i said, i think i used the word thankfully we get more than a quarter of our oil from canada. and it does disturb me that we are today dependent and could be more dependent on volatile places on earth for the fossils we need to run our fleet. that's the main reason that i've embarked on a very aggressive

plan to move our navy to the extent we can. i'll mention the unspoken thing that you had in your question. i think the president made it very clear that his decision on keystone was because of process and timing. he simply did not think that the state department had enough time to gather the relevant information. it was presented to him in a 60-day requirement by the extension of the tax cuts in december, and he made it very clear in the statement that it was only process and only timing and that it did not and should

not have any greater meaning than that. again, thank you so much for having me. [ applause ] >> mr. secretary, we are extr e extremely grateful having you come and lead off our two-day conference here today. as a token of our appreciation, allow me to present you with a small token we have here, the oxford canadian military history. thank you so much. [ applause ]

>> this weekend, kansas holds its republican presidential caucuses and alabama and mississippi have primaries on tuesday. s mitt romney held a conference in mississippi and alabama. santorum is in alabama and kansas. newt gring riingrich is staying south. he has three events in mississippi. and ron paul is in kansas campaigning in topeka, wichita and the university of kansas. ernest hemingway is considered one of the greatest american writers, and his work still influences readers today. but not many people know his work as a spy during world war ii. >> there were a couple instances that he was aware of with german submarines approaching fishing

boats and saying, hey, we'll take your catch and fresh food. so ernest said, i'll wait for them to come alongside, and then my complainers will love the fish down the hatches. >> military and intelligence historian nicholas reynolds. on hemingway, the spy. 8:30. part of its. >> j. edgar hoover? i don't think the president could have gotten away with it. >> tim weiner. >> hoover stands alone. he's like the washington monument. he stands alone like a statue encased in grime. as one of the most powerful men who ever served in washington in

the 20th century, 11 presidents, 48 years from woodrow wilson to richard nixon. there's no one like him. and a great deal of what we know, or what we think we know, about j. edgar hoover is myth and legend. >> tim weiner on "enemy: a history of the fbi." sunday night at 8:00 on cspan's q and a. exchange commissions mary a and. >> she made that that she had late last month. >> good morning. happy to have all of you here director of the.

imperfectly honored. as cohosts, for the next two days, our principle job is one of timekeeping. so to get us off to a good start, let's move right into the program. the conference covers two days, today and tomorrow, and we'll be presenting a number of panels from various sec divisions and offices to discuss issues, developments and we've invited commentators to give their views on each panel. . is that from both inside over outside of the sec. you will also hear from the sec chairman, mary shapiro, and

we'll be. t the. >> the. before going on, despite the fact that our srchs. . sdplz all the members of the condition to start, it is my distinct honor to introduce the 29th chairman of the sec, mary shapiro. not too many people realize this, but when she returned to

the s to her everett, two programs by republican democrats and two bi as we work to become demanding in the nation's history. we've increased communications with financial market stakeholders of all types and won broad support from elected and political leaders on both ends of pennsylvania avenue. since her return, the agency has brought not only a record number of enforcement cases but a very significant number of actions involving highly complex and sophisticated market practices

and products and transactions, including many, many arising out of the financial crisis. she's launched a natural examination program that combines more effective organization and tactics with computeral go rits that identify and rank risk, thus allowing us to more effectively target examinations and thus protecting investors. em grace the opportunities for investor market stability, working around the clock at. . pulled in aging technology infrastructure into the 21st century. overseen sufficient managements and operations, allowed them to vote an ever percentage and in

enthusiasm for a historic and important institution and accepts her responsibilities to mark now we have better ways to protect investors and more stably keep the markets. she knows that her job isn't about numbers, it's about people. about creating opportunities for investors and entrepreneurs and building a more prosperous ladies and gentlemen, please welcome as someone mary s hrks ara