mother died a year and a half ago, and my brother and i helped her navigate what the choices were, when she no longer could do that. so we're talking about a very small group of people that are not going to have family involved, in helping them make those choices. the question is, is how do you keep the bad actors out and how do you keep those that want to cheat in the system and how do you have enough transparency so you know when that's going on so seniors aren't being taken advantage of? that's the key. i'd go back to the other point is one of the reasons our health care is out of control is everybody thinks somebody else is paying the bill. and you know, i'm the first to admit that market forces won't solve everything, but i'll guarantee you they'll solve it a whole lot better than what we're doing today, and there will be people that fall through the cracks. it won't be perfect. but the allocation of that resource to actually apply dollars to make sure somebody has a good health outcome, is

going to be much better than what we're doing today. because there will be a consequence for a doctor overutilizing something because they'll be being watched by the very people they're contracted with if a private insurance that's competing with medicare, that they're not going to do it inappropriately. there's no controls, there's no brakes on in system now for bad behavior, in terms of the market. and what we have to have is -- the question is, can we have great health care for seniors and have it in a way that's much more affordable than what it's going to be inned future? and i think the answer to that is yes, and that doesn't mean we trust markets 100%. that means we let markets work but we make sure we have the controls so when market starts, if we have a bad actor in that, it's identified and they're gone. >> senator we have time for one last question from the audience

and one last twitter question. >> okay, right up here. >> you said many times that a big factor is control, you know, finding the physicians that overutilize as a criteria. what are you going to do to protect against the ones who are going to underutilize testing and that sort of thing so they appear good and score high? >> well, first of all, i think that there are two different aspects to your question. one is laziness. the other is whether or not you have a physician that's committed to your health care, and i'll tell you if you have a physician that's not committed to your health care, it doesn't matter what system we have. you're going to lose on that. i can't see a guy, if you come to me as a physician, if i'm really a physician, and i'm not talking about being a doctor, i'm talking about being a physician, which is what we should want, and i'm going to cut a corner on your health care so i look good?

i've already violated my hippocratic oath. the difference is, i can look good and somebody else pay the bill when i overutilize, but you're talking -- and that's the whole point of where we're going right now. guaranteed medicare is not guaranteed quality care, and is not guaranteed access, and the choice is, are you going to have access to a doctor in the future? that's the first thing. we're going to have 150,000 shortage of doctors in the next ten years in this country. the doctors my age are all saying see you. i'm not messing with this anymore. i've had it. so i would say the motivations on both sides of that question are different. could that happen? absolutely. that happens today. that happens because when you go to see a doctor on average, they don't spend the time they should

be spending with you to actually listen to you about what's going on with your health care. that's happening today, because medicare underpays primary care doctors, and so what do they do? rather than set down and spend 45 minutes with you to hear what's really going on and get paid for that, which medicare won't pay them for, they spend, you know, you go in, the average right now is less than 30 seconds before they interrupt you, with you telling them, because they got to get busy to see the next patient, so what do they do? they hear part of what you say, they order a whole bunch of tests to cover themselves, and walk to the next room, because they're on the treadmill because medicare set up a payment system that says you can't make it if you actually spend the time with the patient. we won't reimburse you for doing that and there's good studies coming. we have a new group of doctors out there that have said i quit it all. i'm going to go into concierge medicine. you pay me a flat fee. i'm yours 24/7, 365 days, you get a comprehensive exam, see

you, talk to you any time you want. these doctors are telling us this. i'm finally getting to practice medicine the way i was trained, i get to sit down and listen to my patients. on average they're ordering 40% less tests because they're actually listening to the patient. the insurance companies that are actually covering some of these are actually spending less and getting better outcomes, reduced hospitalizations, because we were all trained, no matter what you do, listen to the patient, they will tell you what is wrong with them. and nobody's listening because we have a system that says get on the treadmill, here's all we're paying you, and i can't pay my nurses if i practice medicine the way i want and get reimbursed for medicare. that's why you're seeing people not wanting to take new medicare. so what good is a medicare program if you can't get a physician? and if you can get one, what good is it if they won't listen to you? so i would tell you the downside is continuing the status quo,

because it's going to get worse, and we know that. we're seeing it. >> senator, i'm afraid that's all the time we have for questions today. on behalf of the hudson institute i thank you for coming here and for your leadership on these important issues, and also wish you a happy 64th birthday yesterday. >> thank you. see you all. [ applause ] david ignatius has the latest on afghanistan, the uprising in syria and the tenure of iran's current president. then american patretroleum institute ceo jack gerard discusses the alternative energy experts and hubert hamer and jerry hagstrom look at how

farming and agriculture have changed over the last few decades. washington journal live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. coming up at 10:00 a.m. eastern, a forum on religion from georgetown university's berkeley centers on religion, peace and world affairs. scholars will discuss the arab spring, religious extremism and the obama policy for dealing with religious issues. you can see it live starting at 10:15 a.m. eastern here on c-span 3. they would wear garments made of home spun cloth. and this home spun cloth would be much more rough textured. it would be much less fine than the kinds of goods they could import from great britain. but by wearing this home spun cloth, women were visibly and

vividly and physically displaying their political sentiments. >> sunday night at 9:00, george mason university professor on the role of women during the revolutionary war, part of american history tv this weekend on c-span3. former national security advisers zbigniew brzezinski and stephen hadley discussed how policy has changed since they served in the white house. they also discuss the political democratic transition in egypt and iran's nuclear ambitions. from the university of marriage in college park, this is an hour and a half. >> good afternoon, my name is john towson, and it's my great pleasure to welcome you to another forum with these two

giants of modern foreign policy. former national security adviser to jimmy carter. and former national security adviser to president george w. bush. thank you, gentlemen, very much for joining us today. we really do appreciate it. [ applause ] >> this forum could not be more timely. unfortunately could not be more timely. the united states is facing enormous challenges in the united states as the arab awakening continues to change politics in the region. the violence in syria, can i say the bushery in syria, has left many wondering what america and the international community should do to end the bloodshed, and the challenges posed by iran's nuclear program have many

talking about the prospects of war. let's all hope that does not happen. our guests today are especially suited for shedding light on america's policy choices on the rapidly changing environment in the middle east. the forum was sponsored by the college of behavioral and social sciences is organized by chair for peace and development and supplementing these events is deep and cutting edge diplomatic research that includes years of polls in the arab world and united states. today the program is releasing results of a new public opinion poll about american public attitudes on a possible war with iran. the results of which are available for you outside this hall. to introduce our esteemed guests i'd like to present dr. sadat.

[ applause ] >> he's been a supporter of rights for human life. she's been a member of the university of maryland community for two decades and has helped the university too establish the anwar sadat chair for peace development. hers has been a steady and insightful voice we've continued to hear including here at the university last spring. the university of maryland brought in the behavioral sciences have been honored to count mrs. sadat as one of us. it is my pleasure to present mrs. sadat to you.

[ applause ] >> thank you very much. thank you for your kind words and for your support of the sadat dhar and international studies group. ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to introduce our honorable panelists of this event forum. but before i do so, i'd like to say a few words about the arab awakening that has been sweeping much of the arab world. especially my greek country egypt. in this regard i want to welcome our ambassador who is here

today. egypt is, of course, going through challenges. both economically and politically as it transitions to democracy. i know that our panelists will discuss some these challenges, but i want to make a few comments. despite the enormous difficulties, i remain optimistic about the future of egypt. and in the greatness of our people. as i witnessed the remarkable changes that have already taken place in just over one year i think much has been accomplished. though muchp more needs to be done. from the outside the inevitable transition seems frustrating. but what egypt needs is

patience, understanding and space to go through its inevitable transformation. our people and leaders will, of course need to do their part. one of the most difficult challenges of revolutionary changes is how to assess and come to terms with the past. for sure there must be an accounting of previous injustices of the suffering of the many of what happened to innocent people. healing starts only with such accounting. but to move forward. to build a better future, to come together as a greek nation, we need to find it in our hearts to forgive, to invite all egyptians to be part of our brighter future. my late husband president sadat

found it in his hard to overcome the bitterness of war and destruction. and forgiveness and reconciliation is what made our friend nelson mandela great. egypt has many great men and women who would find versus to help move our nation forward. allow me, ladies and gentlemen, to introduce our outstanding panelists. i will not review their extraordinary biographies as that would take all afternoon. and i know that they are well known to all of you. i will just say a few words.

i met him as he visited egypt. he was central architect of the camp david accords between egypt and israel. and i know that president sadat admired his brill yens and dedication. since the days dr. brzinski served as a professor at harvard and columbia universities, he has served his country in multiple capacities. he is currently a counselor and trustee of the center for strategic and international studies. and professor of american foreign policy at johns hopkins university. he has thankfully never stopped writing or commenting on international and national affairs. and his newest book strategic vision just released in the past

few weeks and available for purchase outside this hall has been deservedly a bestseller. he is without a doubt one of the greatest strategic thinkers on global affairs our time. it's an honor to have you here. the honorable stephen hadley has never stopped serving the united states. it is hard to find anyone in washington, republican or democrat who does not respect mr. hadley. he's known for his thoughtfulness, his openness to differing views. his consensus building style.

and his deep knowledge. that's why american leaders trusted him with some of the highest positions of the land including as national security adviser to president george w. bush. he has served in multiple administrations, both republican and democrat, including briefly with dr. brzezinski in carter white house. currently mr. hadley is a founding partner of the rice hadley group. he continues to serve his country and co chairs a bipartisan senior working group of the united states institute of peace addressing american policy in the middle east. he's an extraordinary american. steve, thank you for taking the time to join us today.

finally, the panel will be moderated by our own professor. ladies and gentlemen, i think you are in for an intellectual treat. thank you for attending. [ applause ] >> well, thank you very much mrs. sadat, and thank you dean toshend for your support. i know i usually see you in washington and all these other places. i know for some of you this may be the first time to come to maryland, so welcome and we

really appreciate you taking the time to join us. i'm going to go ahead and start asking questions, but before i wanted to explain why you're surrounded by such beautiful art. if you notice, and dr. brzezinski, being married to a wonderful artist yourself, you appreciate that a bit. we have a sculpture and a painting. these are products of an annual competition we have, which is called the sadat art for peace program. it's in conjunction with our outstanding art department. and usually the best painting and the best sculpture. these are the winners from 2011. let me tell you, the best winner for sculpture is jesse barrows which is intended to represent hearing the voices of the people in the arab awakening. the painting is by phonat chow

for a piece called one and two. i don't know if they're with us, i want to congratulate them. i'm going to go right to a substitute questions. not surprisingly i'll start with each of you. the sadat forum, mrs. sadat is here, but egypt is not only an important country in the middle east, but there are p essential choices regarding egypt. before i ask you now what we should be doing, the crisis that came out of the ngo. i want to look a little bit

before the revolution, i know that you have been a key player in mediating the camp david accords between egypt and israel at camp david maryland. and when you look at american farm policy over the last several decades, it's been anchored around a particular relationship with egypt and israel. and you can call it a triangle relationship. and that has clearly guided a lot of what the u.s. does in the middle east and a relationship that was in some ways taken for granted, but can say in ordering american political choices in the middle east. there were people even before the revolution who were saying that that triangle of the relationship has run its course even before mubarak was remored. egypt was on a path to become

independent. it succeeded to do that particularly in the 1990s, but in the past decade, there was less benefit, more marginalized, egyptians were uncomfortable with the narrow set of choices they were having even before the revolution. this is obviously now coming to the forefront in part because the country has unravelled as we've known it. i wonder, with with your thoughts on this, you know, knowing that you have considered the strategic picture during the cold war in which the peace treaty between israel len egypt emerged and the new relationship was defined, how you see that, is this an accurate picture that this relationship was running it's course even before the revolution? >> well, thank you very much for having me here. i'm delighted to be here. and i want to begin simply by

reiterating my highest respect both for the late president sadat and mrs. sadat. knowing them many decades ago was a source inspiration and confidence because in president sadat, we had a partner for peace. a partner for peace, who was endowed with remarkable intelligence and great strategic boldness. i have to say, i particularly admired his strategic boldness. and it manifested itself in relationship to the two greatest issues that are involved in great strategic choices. it pertained to war, and it pertained to peace. and both of these, it took enormously difficult decisions. and gained strategic benefits

from themselves more importantly for his country. it was a privilege to know him, and i know that mrs. sadat was a close partner, a confidant a person who par took of these decisions and that respect she represents today also, a great message that president sadat conveyed to us. namely the call for strategic boldness. now, turning to your question, at this stage, if you ask me about american egyptian relationship, i would not be advocating strategic boldness at this moment, because everything has to come in its right moment. i think mrs. sadat earlier in her brief comments used two words which in my judgment capsule ate what is needed. and these two words were

patience and space. we have to give egypt space to define itself at a time of considerable political turmoil and uncertainty. and, therefore, also patience. we have to wait until that works itself out. but having said that, i think it's absolutely essential that we do what we can to preserve a close strategic relationship with egypt because egypt is the major player in the region. and a good american egyptian relationship is one of the key foundations of a meaningful and relevant american policy toward the region. if we have that relationship, we can also move on other issues. and, of course, one of the issues in which we tried to move forward together with egypt, and we didn't get as far as one had

hoped. and subsequently we even stalled the question of the israeli reconciliation and peace. there's not going to be peace in the middle east, real peace without that. and worse than that, in the absence of that, other issues tend to become increasingly dangerous. and right now our relationship with egypt is additionally important because we could be on the brink if we make mistakes. if we are overly cautious. if we're not prepared to assert american national interests openly, we could be facing the conjunction of several significant conflicts in the area, in addition to the one i've already mentioned which cries for resolution, and which will never be resolved with direct american involvement. there is the risk of some conflict with iran. if that should take place, it is

almost inevitable that our current difficulties in afghanistan will get greater, that iraq will become more unstable. and that these unstable conditions could merge and intensify the difficulties in syria. we could have a situation in which we confront a series of interactive crisis in the region. so that cumulatively emphasizes the need for a broadly conceived and energetically undertaken american strategy in which among the key players, with whom we have to be engaged in addition to the american israeli connection is america/egypt, america/turkey. america saudi arabia. >> now, when you endorse what mrs. sadat said about patience and space, does our political system really ever have

patience? can it allow space? i mean, you know, you have the ngo crisis which on the big scale of things doesn't seem to be a huge crisis, although obviously important for those who are involved. and you had people calling for economic aide to egypt. you have the muslim brotherhood do well in the elections, made a lot of people uncomfortable. do we have the patience? what does it take to have that patience? >> well, we better have that patience first of all. because we don't have it, we're going to be faced with with other things which will not be very comfortable for us. i mentioned some them. we have to be patient, but we have to have a strategic vision for the regionp. i'm afraid we no logger have a strategic vision for the region, and worse we're gradually being pushed out of the region. or maybe we're drifting out of the