quarters and located even closer to the white house. now, such compounds and similar urban slave quarters were found in other cities such as savannah, charleston, mobile and new orleans and they were relatively well documented by the historic american building survey in the late 1930s. in the essay home of the slave, he classified buildings like this as what he called town group quarters. where he said that the few house servants were fairly well housed. the slave quarters at decatur ceased to function as housing for enslaved people before the end of slavery in the district of columbia in 1862. the u.s. government took possession of nine lots on and adjacent to la fayette square. this 1864 map shows decatur house and the slave quarters as part of the complex of buildings planned by the quartermaster

general. it is clear from correspondence that the military wanted to use the second floor of the slave quarters to house subsistence bureaus military personnel. now, the commissary general vacat vacated decatur house turning it over to edward beil. they made extensive renovations, but the only significant change made to the slave quarters was the installation of a new slate roof over the building's original wood shingle roof likely around 1875. the earliest san antonio photograph of the slave quarters is this 1885 image in which the north elevation of the slave quarters is just barely visible over here, but you get the sense of its size and

shape.african-american men pictured in the foreground could have been servants who lived in the slave quarters and i'll continue to use that term to talk about the building not only because it makes clear the original intent of its construction, but also because it was the vernacular name used for it across the 20th century. the 1880 census listed three african-american servants, william hanson, john smith and elizabeth abby living in the household of edward bchleal. by 1900, the population doubled. of the six servants, five were classified as black. macy worked as a leader, ellen worked as lady's maid, emma worked as a lawn dress and was the only marrieded servant. lloyd coached as a coach man and adolf worked as a butler. only one of the african-american

s servants had been born while slavery was still legal in the united states. the only white servant listed in the decatur house had been born in austria and he was the first live in servant from europe recorded at decatur house. this image of the slave quarters taken between 1918 and 1920 offers the first truly detailed record of the building's appearance. and it shows how little the exterior of the building has changed. the only real major differences of how this portion of the building still appears is that there is one additional door providing access on to h street and there were no shutters on that side of the building at this point. the next census was the 1930 census which is the last federal census currently available. all four servants listed were female and literate. two had been born in europe and kate hollis the only classified

as negro had been born in virginia and she worked as a cook. on the top left, you see a photograph of the north elevation of the slave quarters taken in 1936. again, showing no changes to the side of the building. at the same time, the historic american building survey made the only 46-made the first known photograph of the courtyard side of the building. again which remains relatively unchangeded. the survey also produced elevations and floor plans. but no interior photographs. these floor plans assign uses to all the interior spaces demonstrating few changes from the uses indicated in the 1844 inventory. moving west waurd through the building in 1937, the first floor contained a servant's dining room, a kitchen, a laundry and small bathroom. on the second floor, two of the rooms at the east end remained

classified as servant's rooms as they had been in 1844. the beal family owned decatur house until 1956 and their financial records show that the only major change made to the building was the addition of shutters on the h street side in 1944. marie beal in correspondence described the building as a shambles and in the last stages of decay, but she also indicated that it was being fully utilized by her household at that time. when marie beal died in 1956, she bequeathed the property to the national trust for historic preservation. the ones pictured in the top left and bottom right photograph who had immigrated from italy to work as servants for marie beal continued to live in the slave quarters with their four children until 1961. making them the last residents of the building and indeed the last private residents of la fayette square.

the top right photograph shows the eldest child, claudia, in the slave quarters with the last african-american resident of the building, a woman named mary who worked as a cook in marie beal's household and she left the property in the early 1950s. these photographs, while they look like family snapshots, with are actually the only documentation of the interior of the slave quarters while it was being used as a living space. they indicate it was fundamentally unchanged from original appearance. simple window and door casings and the absence of any architectural decoration. we also can see that the conduits for sort of modern plu electricity, had been surface mounted. the national trust considered a number of possible uses for the building in the early 1960s and from 1965 to 1966.

the historic interior of the slave quarters was effectively demolished in order to create the office space for the organization. during this construction, only lull i all interior wall partitions were removed, all the trim and the mantles, and you see the dark ghost mark of a mantle.pare trim and the mantles, and you see the dark ghost mark of a mantle. all the doors an hardware was removed. today we would hope these features would be seen as character defining components. but that was not a part of the calculus in 1965. while the need for office space guideded their decisions in part, it's also very clear from the correspondent denies that the interior of the building was gutted because it wasn't deemed worthy of saving.denies that the interior of the building was gutted because it wasn't deemed worthy of saving.

it would be decades before buildings associated with slavery would be deemed worthy of conservation. once the walls were stripped clean, all the wood flooring was removed and all the chimneys and heartths were completely enclosed in new was. and the only real change to the exterior, the western end was extended to create a continuous two story facade all the way to the carriage house and a second door opening you see it cut there on to h street was added. during the conversion of the second floor into an exhibit gallery in 2001, the first attempt was made by the national trust to uncover, conserve and interpret the building's remaining historic fabric. one chimney formed the basis of an exhibition.

the original painted floor was uncovered and completed in 2010. this floor has a great deal to tell us. in 2011 and 2012, we've continued to carefully remove the remaining modern finishes fully exposes the remaining chimneys and heartth on the first and second floors with each new feature revealed, we've learned something new about this building. paint analysis is under way and may help us to pinpoint the date of construction and better understand how the building chang changed over time. further research is also under way to the enslaved servants that i've mentioned today. this remarkable building has told us so much already and has much more to tell. we need only to listen. thank you for listening today. [ applause ]

every day at the national archives, a team of six researchers from the papers of abraham lincoln project comb through a multitude of civil war era government files searching for any documents related to the 16th president of the united states. so far, they've found 12,000 records. recently, a researcher discovered a missing page from president lincoln's second annual message to congress along with a complete copy of the message signed in lincoln's hand. american history tv went to the archives to see these relics from the great emans pay they're presidented city. >> this is part of the research complex here at the national archives where researchers come and view records that we serve to them. my job is to work with researchers and work with the records that we have here in our holdings here in the national archives. and i work with the records of

the house and senate, which is the bulk of our holdings. we have records from legislative support agencies, as well, but the records of the house and senate are the bulk of our holdings. i've worked with the staff of the lincoln papers since they've been here and i've assisted them among my colleagues in serving them the records that they need to search for records pertaining to abraham lincoln. >> it's a long term editing project from the abraham lincoln presidential library museum to locate an image and transcribe and publish all of the documents written by or two lincoln during his entire life time. it began in 2001. we're searching all of the record series that pertain to lincoln's presidency and a handful of series that pertain

to his one term in congress. so we are trying to go systemically through each series that might contain documents. some series don't contain any documents, but as i tell my staff, no is an answer and that's important for us to document that we've searched these records and we haven't found anything. we're going through pretty much anything that might contain correspondence to or by lincoln. so everything from military records to congressional records to interior treasury, state department, post office department, any kinds of records that might have some documentation from lincoln. >> his sit is very he familifam i think we've picked up a knack to identify his handwriting. i was searching senate records, was about through with the entry i was searching and came across

a cross file sheet that referred me to some other volumes that weren't obvious to me that they existed. so i had one the archivists go back and pull these volumes for me. an these two on the desk are two of the ones that i found. this was the first one i came across. started out obviously not in the greatest shape, but -- and also says 36th and 37th congress. 36th congress was the congress before lincoln took office. as i started leafing through, a lot of the stuffy s i saw was f buchanan'sed a h ed administrat. but eventually will i came to one document that bore lyincolns signature.

it turns out i found about 24 documents with lincoln's signature. back in the '50s, they didn't have access to these manuscrip scriptss man uhe scripts, so ths was an exciting find. as i kept leafing through the volume, i came to the end and just came across some ran dumb stuff, stuff that really didn't seem to fit, just seemed like just random pieces of paper honestly. here he very back. this calendar, obviously i didn't know what it had to do with any presidential messages. it's dated 1861. and turn a couple pages and some

sort of ledger material. and stuff from the 33rd congress which wasn't right at all in terms of lincoln's time period. and then i came to this spot here where i poufound this docut which is the first page of lincoln's second annual message to congress. we found three really remarkable thin things first of all, he found the missing page of the official copy of lincoln's second annual message to congress. and this is a predecessor of our modern state of the union address. so lincoln would write a message and then send to congress. in those days, lynn cincoln him would not have read to congress as we do today, but he would have had a congressional clerk would have read the message. the official message has been

missing the first two pages for more than a century. it was misfiled by the senate long before the national archives received it. and we didn't know where those two pages were. the first thing that tipped me off was i knew that and he how most presidential messages were transmitted, but as far as the text, i didn't immediately say that's from the second annual message. i just did a quick internet search and the text led me to confirm that this was indeed the text. i brought to the legislative archivist attention, bill davis and robby ross, and they made a decision to remove it from the volume and return it with the rest of the copy that's in the vault. >> it's wonderful that we now know where it is and we have put that page with the rest of the second annual message in our treasuries vault where we have

some of our most historic items in that room also we have for example george washington's inaugural address, we have several items from jefferson's presidency dealing with the louisiana purchase, lewis and clark expedition, things relating to world war ii, franklin d. roosevelt's day of infamy speech, we have a map that charts the incoming claims during the pearl harbor attack that was submitted to congress, so those are among the special items. >> the secretaond thing that he found is an entire second copy of that second annual message. and it is also written by a clerk, but signed by lincoln. so it is an pishl coofficial co

well. and finally about two dozen pieces of communication all signed by lincoln that we had not known about the text, but not known where the man uhe scripts were. toechb though there's some exciting parts, there's also pretty dry parts where he's just regurgitating what the secretary of state or whoever told him to say. so with this message he frantrad to congress and read by a clerk, there were also other reports submitted he same time. reports from secretary of state, secretary of interior, war department, post office, post master skrn. general. so i think that's why this message is in this volume

because following these pages are the messages from the secretary of interior. he has a lot of religious imagery in his opening. and while it's pleased the all mighty, we can't but press on guided by the best light he gives us trusting in his own good time and wise way, all be yet be well. the message is significant mainly because it deals with emancipation and also lincoln's kind of reformulation of his thoughtsminiration during the ce of the war. 1862 is a big year, a lot of change. he had issued the primary emancipation proclamation, he decided to remove general mcclellan from command, and a big thing was that the democrats had gained 28 seats in represen. so he was -- lincoln according

to some historians was trying to -- he might have been seen as more radical on some of the things. he was trying to come back centrist and especially what he says in this message regarding gradual emancipation. and in addition i also found another complete full copy of the message. probably the best part, the most memorable words come from the last paragraph or so. the occasion has piled high with difficulties and we must rise with the occasion. as our case is new, so we must think a new and act a new. we must disentlaul ourselves and then we shall save our country. fellow citizen, we cannot escape history. we of this congress and this administration will be remembered in spite of

ourselves. no personal significance or insignificant cain insignificant cans can shape one or another of us before the fiery trial will light us down in honor or dishonor.cans can s or another of us before the fiery trial will light us down in honor or dishonor. we say we are for union. the world will not forget that we say this will. we know how to save the union. the world knows how. the world knows we do for the know how to save it. we hold the power and bear the responsibility and giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free. honorable alike in what we give and what we preserve, we shanob save or lose the last best hope on earth. other means may succeed. this will cannot fail. the way is peaceful, generous, just, a way which if followed the world will follow forever, applaud and god mess forever

bless. abraham lincoln, 1862. he spent a lot of hours crafting some of this language and to see it here before you is really something special. >> it's always great to have the original manuscript materials. as i mentioned with these two dozen other pieces of correspondence between lincoln and the senate, we had printed versions, but it's always good to have the manuscript materials because sometimes there are mistakes, sometimes there are omissions. so being able to have what congress actually received from the president is always a great addition to the corpus of materials.

the publicly cauti lincoln is more comprehensive because it includes incoming keernd denies, as well.lincoln because it includes incoming keernd denies, as well. but we're also finding new lincoln documents that they didn't find in the 1950s. the federal government expanded greatly during the civil war, so there is a lot more documentation than there would have been, say, for his predecessor, james buchanan. so there are lots of things militarily, but even in the regular administration going on. and lincoln was a very active president who had a lot of different things cross his desk. so there's an enormous amount of paperwork. and there were of course people writing to him about a wide array of issues and much of that documentation found its way into the national archives. i would say that probably the search here at the national archives will go on for several more year, four or five plans, and then we have to back in

springfield transcribe and annotate all this material. part of it is finding it and scanning it, but a big part is that people who can't read all read the documents and finally annotate them so that we have the context, people understand what the document meant at the time. because even if you can read words, sometimes they don't make any sense if you don't understand the issues of the day. the ultimate goal is that we will publish these documents online. it won't be right away,wiut pub images of everything we're finding. >> any human being 16 can come here and use our holdings. more and more is available online. that takes it time. but as time goes on, more and more is available through our website. we certainly encourage researchers to look at our website, see what we have,

discover all of the different record groups that we have here and then they are -- minute is free to come here and search our holdings. >> for more information, visit papers of abraham lincoln.org. they would wear garments made of home spun cloth. and this home spun cloth would be much more rough textured, it would be much less fine than the kinds of goods that they could import from great britain. but by wearing this home spun cloth, women were visibly and vividly and physically displaying their political sentiments. >> sunday night at 9:00, george mason university professor rose marie on the role of women during the revolutionary women, part of american history tv this weekend on c-span3. in the fall of 2011, american history tv visited old sturbridge village

massachusetts. a living history museum that depicts early new england life from 1790 to 1840. we hear from costume historians who present what it was like to live and work in 19th century new england. the curator serves as our guide. >> sturbridge village is not a little town caught in a time warp or anything. it is a recreation of kind of a sampling of rural life in new england at the time when society was really transforming from the old order to the modern world we live in came. we're showing you the decade of the 1830s. so the american revolution was a couple generations ago. there are rumblings about slavery, but they don't know what's going to happen any more than you or i do.

1838, push comes to shove, that's our default year. 26 states in the union, michigan being the most recent, the population of the united states is probably around 17 million or so people. we do a census every ten years. but it's probably about that. it was 13.5 million back in 1830. so it's a time when the railroad is coming in, our county seat of wooster, they start making regular transatlantic steam ship service by 1838. so it's not quite as old fashioned as some people might think, but the telegraph is patented in 1837, so just think of it as something to hang your hat on. the industrial revolution is well under way, so a lot of the cloth that we're wearing is factory made, still sewn by ladies at home, but made in the textile mills of new england, there's over 7 oof those. but most people are still living on farms, following agriculture

and living , growing things in barely modest homes. the home behind me is one of the few we built here. it's about 600 square feet, which represents about a quarter or so of the housing stock of rural new england. so america was not only a younger nation, but a poorer nation than it is how. most of our buildings, though, are antiques that we've moved here from the six new england states. we've opened to the public in 1946, been open ever since as a private not for profit educational koorpg. so we're trying to show people bits and pieces of every day life from the 1830s. you can watch american artifacts every sunday at 8:00 a.m., 7:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. eastern time on c-span3's american history tv. for schedule information and to view programs, visit cspan.o

cspan.org/history. the strong support we have in our region of the country from which this movement originated gives us an excellent base to go fort h and we in my judgment will go forth in the beginning with at least the electoral votes that comprise the states of the south and borden. and when you couple that with just a few other states in the union, then you have the 270 odd electoral votes necessary to win the presidency p. >> as candidates campaign for president this year, we look back at 14 men who ran for the office and lost.cspan.org/conte. >> there's been honest contention, spirit of disagreement and i believe considerable