panel's remarks, especially those of general wyatt as he was discussing the same kinds of issues. as we look at downsizing some of the fleets that we have as a result of age or as a result of requirements. and that's the tricky part of this, is, how do we look at this across the systems? in the c-130s, in this example, and ensure that we meet the requirements of the combatant commanders, which if we do that, will allow us to reduce the numbers that we currently have. we did have a very rigorous process that we went through, and there are four very major tenants of kinds of things we looked at that include no negative impact to the combatant commanders. make sure the movements don't create any new bills, increase -- mission capable raises a requirement when we do this and look at all the locations we've got out there. apply that criteria and in some cases there is judgment that needs to go into it at the end.

but we will certainly come back to you very quickly with questions that you asked. i use that as a prelude and we work that through our corporate structure that general wyatt mentioned in the testimony to come to the realization that we have in the fiscal year '13 projection, those are the kinds of things that need to be done to ensure we meet and don't become hollow in other parts of this force as well. so we'll get back to you, sir, soon. >> i'm looking forward to going down to the mississippi gulf coast for the christening of the "uss mississippi." the u.s. submarine that will be joining the fleet. that will be an exciting occasion for all of our state. identify very closely with the navy's presence down there and the ship-building capability along that gulf coast. and personally, serving in the navy, i'm a little biased. about the importance of the u.s. navy.

but what is the -- what is the prospect of this budget, if we approve the schedule for ship construction, maintenance, adding new ships to the fleet? is it robust enough to take care of responsibilities for national defense that falls exclusively under the jurisdiction of the navy? >> yes, sir, and i would respectfully like to defer that question, if i could. primarily because in the navy reserve which is my responsibility, obviously, we do have a navy reserve fleet of now nine frigates. as we're retiring those frigates we're bringing active frigates into the reserve fleet to replace them. until we retire all of our navy reserve frigates. as i look forward in the future, our involvement in the reserve, once the frigates are retired will primarily be with the ship

program, which is ramping up and we're in active discussions with navy where we and the navy reserve will play into that. the larger question of the entire ship-building program i think is probably one i would like to defer obviously to the secretary and coo. having been in the navy 35 years, our fleet today is far more capable than any fleet we've had in the past, irls of numbers. if we had to use that fleet, i would rather use the fleet that we have today and looking into the near future than any fleet we've had in the past, both because of the capabilities of those platforms as well as the train, dedication, honor and commitment of the sailors that serve in that fleet today. >> thank you. thank you very much. chairman, thank you for convening the hearing. let me say to all the panel, we appreciate your dedication and your commitment to helping strengthen and maintain the best

reserve components of our military establishment. thank you very much. >> i'd like to join my vice chairman in thanking all of you for your testimony and for your service to our country, and to note that as general stultz pointed out, the critical role that you play and continue to play in the middle east, most people in the united states don't realize this. they think it's just the active components. but the role that the reserves and guards play are very, very important. this committee appreciates that very much. this subcommittee will reconvene on wednesday, june 6th at 10:00 a.m. to receive testimony from outside witnesses, and now we'll stand in recess subject to call of the chair. [ gavel sounds ]

here's what's ahead today on c-span 3. next a look ahead at women that have won nobel prizes chls then a discussion on the federal government's role on energy and innovation and later a program on online privacy laws. today on c-span 2 action we're showing you several portions of the recent british phone hacking investigation, known as the levison inquiry. this gets under way in about 20 minutes at 12:30 p.m. eastern, again on c-span 2. and coming up tonight, a debate between the candidates running in wisconsin's gubernatorial recall election. republican incumbent scott walker is being challenged by milwaukee's democratic bear, tom barrett. watch this live tonight at 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. join us on memorial day for a pair of remembrance ceremonies. president obama is expected to be at the annual event taking

place at arlington national cemetery and our live coverage starts around 10:50 a.m. eastern. later in the day it's another ceremony, this one taking place at the vietnam veterans memorial. we'll have that live for you as well starting at 1:00 p.m. both on our companion network, c-span. there's an extra day of book tv this holiday weekend on c-span 2. aaron burr may be best remembered for his duel with alexander hamillton. saturday night at 8:30 eastern and afterwards the former director for asian affairs at the national security council, victor cha on the impossible state, north korea. >> the dialogue with north koreans on human rights is kind of a ridiculous dialogue. you can tell them you need to improve your human rights situation and their response to you will be, and we've had this conversation at the official level, their response will be

well, you, the united states, have human rights problems too. i mean that is not a comparable discussion. >> that's saturday night at 10:00. also this weekend, marcus littrell details operation red wing, from service, a navy s.e.a.l. at war. three days of book tv this weekend on c-span 2. three women won the nobel peace prize in october. they were recognized for working for women's rights and participating in peace building. in november a panel of women from across africa and the middle east gathered at harvard's institute of politics to talk about their own experiences as women peace builders and freedom fighters. the moderator of the panel was swanee hunt, former u.s. ambassador to austria. here's the discussion, which runs about an hour and 35 minutes. [ applause ]

>> well, it's a pleasure to be here. i think this is the 14th time we've been able to bring extraordinary women from all around the world who are working in conflict zones. and we wouldn't be here without this crowd and you are the result in part of the work of the institute of politics, but also the carr center for human rights, the women in public pauly program, the center for public leadership, so i want to say a particular thank you to each of those groups for being part and being co-sponsors here. you enjoyed, i hope, the title, "why women won the nobel peace prize." i had the enormous privilege of being in the entourage of president johnson sirly and she

is a graduate of the kennedy school. she was there with lay mcboy also from by yearia. ellen johnson surleaf is lie pe -- liberian. it's so interesting to see why they chose two liberians as well as a yemeni representative of arab spring. i think it was because of this statement they were making about change beginning at the top and the bottom and how you have to have it coming from both directions, because lamicka boy is a famous grassroots organizer type. so sitting there it was so exciting hearing -- being in this gorgeous room in the ci city -- what did you say? >> in oz lslo, yes, city hall.

thank you. i'm 61 years old. if you think that's bad, wait until you ask me the name of someone, like my children. anyway, so here are the words that we heard coming from the nobel committee. they talked about that they were giving these women this prize for their particular work, but also for their nonviolent struggle and then they said to ensure women's rights to full participation in peace-building work. now, that is a very important policy statement, because what you're doing then, you're talking about changing the whole security paradigm. right now security in most people's minds means bombs and bullets. and the question becomes if in fact you have a large participation of women throughout the whole peace process. the peace process doesn't mean

simply negotiations, it also means street protests. it means all kinds of social media now to try to prevent a war or bring down a dictator. it means after a war having the transitional justice, the tribunal or the truth and reconciliation commission or having simply an honest government instead of a corrupt government, which can often lead right back into war again. so how do you get women to be fully involved in all of that? well, clearly you have to have the policy makers who are willing to take a stand. and president obama has done just that on december 19th. he signed an executive order which launched a u.s. national action plan on women, peace and security. and he calls this a comprehensive road map for

accelerating and institutionalizing efforts across the united states government to advance women's participation in making and keeping peace. now, there are a whole lot of countries around the world who are doing this, so we are -- it's not like, i'm afraid, that we're leading the charge here, but at least we're coming through and doing our part. then secretary clinton, on the day that this was launched, i'm going to read -- forgive me for reading to y'all, but it's too important not to. she says from northern ireland to liberia to nepal and many places in between, we have seen that when women participate in peace processes, they focus discussion on issues like human rights, justice, national reconciliation and economic renewal that are critical to making peace but are often overlooked in formal negotiations. they build coalitions around ethnic and sectarian lines and

speak up for other marginalized groups. that's really important that the women are there and -- this isn't hillary, but the women are there not just representing their own point of view but also the other marginalized group. they act as mediators and help foster compromise. they galvanize opinion and help change the course of history. you're going to hear from six extraordinary women tonight, and the first one, will you open this up and give us an opening statement. go on and stand up and let us hear from you from your perspective. >> thanks. i'm from palestine. to give me this chance to be

this evening in front of you. 22 years ago i was -- it was a month after my marriage and the second time in my life i had been at a peaceful section. i was waiting to see what would happen to me. when my back began to hurt, soldiers took me in handcuffs to a hospital. the doctors there told the soldier to remove the cuffs in the hospital. i was no more or less than a patient he needed to heal.

when the doctor examined me, he found that i was pregnant. thanks to him, he asked them to release me immediately. and i was done next day. the doctor is the kind of person i have met often in the conflict. as israelis and palestinians connecting -- sorry, the kind of person i have met often in the conflict israelis and palestinians connecting with one another as human beings. living next to one another in peace, two people, two states. in conflict, not every encounter is easy.

but i remember the day i finally knew without no doubt that the only way forward was through peaceful dialogue with one anoth another. as individuals and through the palestinian forces. it was in may, 2003, and i had been invited -- the man behind the plo's participation in the madrid peace conference of 1991. again, i was pregnant for five months. by the time i returned home that night, after working six

kilometers in the heat, i start bleeding. i was taken to a hospital in jerusalem. the baby was born early. i was allowed to leave the hospital after four days, but my tiny daughter had to stay. living in an incubator to survive. can you imagine how i felt? i went home through the checkpoints to ramallah, but of course i wanted to return to the hospital at once. at the checkpoint the next morning, the soldiers refused to let me through. so for the next three or four

days i walked through the mountains to get to the hospital and see my baby. i carried with me milk that i had pumped during the night and brought it to give to my daughter. meeting the soldiers wasn't like meeting the kind doctor or the many other israelis i worked with for peace. still, i said to them, in spite of what you have done to me, i have hope that i can work with y you. this is the trust that the women in israel and palestine know. we don't need to destroy others. we need to live with them. we need to understand that they have a stake in the future.

that we must speak to one another face to face and that ultimately we must trust one anoth another. with women, i know this can happen, it already has. we have been working together for peace since the first day i left college. today -- we both want borders that allow and give access for both of us to reach the school and doctors for our children. in our part of the world, women have been active since the beginning of the last century.

a driving change, because they were not ashamed to care for others, and they were not afraid of giving without taking in return. and out of it, we have a saying. women are like the -- very strong. when they say they will do something, they will do it, in spite of all the obstacles. if you think this is important in daily life, consider how important it is in negotiations. in issues of life and death, war and peace. we are remarkable communicators. we listen to people, consult, empathize, understand different points of view. that's why we can build

relationships. when i see a boy walking to school, i pick him up in my car and give him a lift. it doesn't matter to me whose child this is. he is part of a community and i care about him. only with this mentality can negotiations be accepted by the people whose future they will affect. that's the key that's often missing. women make a difference. not just as a negotiating staple but also after work. when they bring agreements back home, with women's leadership, people in the communities can understand and accept the peace

accords and that's how you create peace that will last. but we can't do it alone. our work to create these must go to the highest level. negotiators and those creating policy must open their eyes and ears. they must value peace enough to include those who can be more effective in getting it. if i want to improve life for my children, then i must and shall move toward that future with the other side. with nonviolence. otherwise the price is too high.

we have seen blood. so we imagine how living feels as difficult as it can be to make peace. the blood is much more costly. i'm not speaking as a woman of the elite who has watched events from far away and has no understanding of realism on the ground. i know what has happened in this conflict. i have been through it myself. and that's why i have a clear vision now. my israeli partners and i see that on this path, the world has been working. the future is dim.

across the bridge there is no light. but working with one another, with the people and with the support from the international community, women can turn on the lights. thanks a lot. [ applause ] >> now, i know each of you has bios and i'm not going to read these bios to you, but obviously she is a spectacular spokeswoman for the palestinian group who want so much and so committedly to work with israelis. and i will tell you that that group has gotten smaller and smaller, as this conflict has gone on.

and my -- i have enormous appreciation for you for coming and being part of this gathering. you will see that she has been very involved with the palestinian government in many different ways. you'll see that in your bios. we're going to have a conversation now up here and let me introduce first samira hamidi who is the head of the spectacular afghan women's network with 5,000 individuals. miss hamidi is very well known across afghanistan, but now internationally, because she has been in the major organizations as their -- as the various conferences where the future of afghanistan is being planned, is

being created. thank you so much for coming. then next to her is mossara mossarat qadeem. as you see from the bio, she has been working through an academic setting but has been called upon to be more and more involved at the community life, at the community base. she's published many books, many articles, but probably her most effective work that is really capturing the imagination of people in this country and around the world is when she goes into territory that the u.n. -- that is off limits to the u.n., it's off limits to the u.s., because of the power of extremists in those areas, and she herself goes in to do the work turning those families around, turning those young men

around, and i home mossarat, that you'll speak to us this evening about this. general orit adato is the -- are you the only three-star general that israel has had? >> till now. >> till now. up till now. that's right. blazing the trail. spent 24 years in the israeli defense forces and then became very interestingly the commissioner of the israeli prison service. so you can imagine what a very dicey role that is. she has been the first international vice president of the international correction and prisons associations, which has professional -- 600 professionals from 75 nations, so she has a whole international profile herself. thank you for being with us.

and zaynab el sawi from sudan. what a beautiful countenance and what a beautiful story you have to tell us in terms of your work in sudan. she is a researcher and former lecturer of afad university. some of you know of afad which is an all women's university. very, very powerful in terms of preparing women all across the country. and she is the coordinator of the sudanese women's empowerment for peace. you all, it is hard, hard, hard doing this work right now in sudan. i have been there. i know that when i was involved with groups, consulting women leaders, that we had to meet like in a back room of a pizza parlor. you kn