what i love about that book is that on that journey there's that dark space that the protagonist has to travel and for a kids' story it's unexpected. and i think that legacy of the left, of the cultural left is one that privileges art and visual expression as a way of reminding people that contradiction and uncertainty and pain, one of the greatest poets of all time really celebrated those competing forces of good and evil that exists in all of us and that's one of the things that i love about not only dr. seuss' work but the left as well, that the left is not worried to confront and which is why the government has a role in sort of maintaining the best ideals of human society and how it should be organized. finally, i would say for

conservatives, the appreciation for the art is exactly why the endowment for the humanities, free radio, because ultimately the expressions themselves. >> khalil muhammad and michael kazin, thank you. it's been a pleasure. >> thank you very much. frederick pabst was born in germany. he worked his way up from cabin boy on the great lakes. in 1862 he married maria best, daughter of german brewer phillip best. soon after, captain pabst purchased half of the small best brewing company, and by the 1890s the renamed pabst brewing company was the largest lager brewery in the world. next, a visit to restored gilded age mansion of milwaukee beer baron captain frederick pabst. this is part two of a two-part program. >> the exterior of the mansion

has been restored by several restoration campaigns that south to bring back more of the original details that had been lost over the decades. the large spires on top of the house were recreated based on original photographs after the original ones had been destroyed by lightning early in the 20th century. when this house was one of the highest points in the neighborhood. just recently we returned awnings back to the front elevation of the house, something that hasn't been seen on the pabst mansion for over 100 summers, and so we're very excited that this kind of brings back a level of authenticity,

not only to the exterior of the house but actually shades the interior, keeps us cool and also protects our objects within the mansion. when fred claas designed the exterior of the pabst mansion, they were creating something that would become almost iconic in milwaukee. the use of the flemish renaissance revival style with the step gables and spires was something that hadn't been seen in the milwaukee, but once captain pabst used it in 1890 it was applied to the milwaukee city hall in the mid-1890s and then even into the latter part of the 20th century when our frontier airlines convention center was built, used a modified expression of that architectural style. while the pabst mansion is 20,000 square feet, the pabst family was actually only using about 8,000 square feet. the rest, 12,000 square feet, was actually used by the servants, and that was servants area around the house, so when i'm asked by people over the years why these houses didn't survive, i think that's one of the key reasons. they were never built to be used as single-family homes without a huge staff. the pabst family had about 12 to

15 servants indoor and outdoor, day help and live-in. so it was a very large and kind of sophisticated staff. the family had their butler and their maids and their cook had actually stayed with them for a tremendous amount of time, almost the entire time they were in this house. so there was this interesting congeniality between the pabsts and their staff, and it's reflected by kind of the ornateness of the servants' quarters of the house. i've been in quite a few house museums and stately homes, and i've always been struck how charming the pabst mansion's servants quarters are. this is the servants dining

room, and this room and i have had a very personal connection because in my mid-20s i volunteered to strip all of the white paint in this room. every wood surface in here had about five layers of white paint. what i thought was going to be a three-week project actually turned out to be a 14-month project. i'm surprised i wasn't actually kicked off the property during that entire restoration. the restoration project actually restored a sense of balance to the mansion that they thought so much of their staff that they would actually create such a magnificent space for them to work in. this particular room, being their dining room, they would have spent a fair amount of time in. all of the tile is original and hand-painted, and each scene, while it seems to be the same tile repeated over and over

again, the cloud or the ship or the castle are in different positions. so it really is truly individually hand-painted. when we were doing the restoration to this room, we realized, you know, that there had been a stencil pattern up on the wall, and so that was recreated based upon the original photographs. but after it was on the wall, we realized that it was also mimicking the three two lips in the tile work as well. so we started to think about that. so much time and effort had gone into the decoration of this room. it was pretty extraordinary. captain pabst loved little turns or phrases, and so as a way to motivate his staff and it's worked for me all these years as well, he had these stained glass windows created for the servants quarters. unfortunately, only three of these windows survive, and i'd

love to know what the other seven windows said, but the one on the left, which hi to look at for 14 months while i was working on the restoration of this room, drove me a little crazy. it states a good attitude is half the work. that's true. the one on the right was originally placed near the rear entrance to the house, and that states that as the servants were going on out to deal with the daily vendors for meats and produce, that one states buy with your eyes open. they're very practical, but they are worthwhile to remember as well. this is the butler's pantry, and this is our butler's sink with its traditional tin basin, which all of the crystal and the china and the silver would actually have been done at this sink. the metal sink would actually have absorbed a plate or glass being dropped in it far more than the soapstone sink in the

adjoining room. a lot of these items, this wonderful limoge fish service, have been donated to us, and quite a number of these items actually are family items now which we're excited to be filling our butler's pantry with original material from the family. behind this door was the house safe, so all of the silverware and important papers of the household would have been kept behind this door. and this was one of 18 points around the house that actually had a battery-powered burglar alarm hooked up to it originally. so that was another one of the things the pabsts incorporated into the house that was kind of this burgeoning technology.

for those things that were less valuable and more edible, we had the tin-lined pastry safe right here, which breads and cakes and that sort of thing would have been kept relatively fresh with the tin lining. we're very fortunate that this house, a victim of constant modernization over the 20th century, and in that sense it's probably fortunate that the pabst family had left the house in 1906. we know that they kept updating things during their ownership. one of the things that has remained, which is extraordinary, is our three-compartment icebox system, which the archdiocese very smartly had mechanical refrigeration added to it in the 1930s and '40s. so they didn't bother tearing out all of these things. they actually updated them and

incorporated them into the household. now, this was a very happy find. i had actually spilled paint remover on this particular panel, which had been painted probably about ten times. there was a tremendous amount of paint on it. slowly this green color started revealing itself, and we started scraping away, and we found this wonderful, absolutely pristine enameled porcelain panel that was original to the sink and had not been visible in decades. this is the original kitchen sink with this huge soapstone basin that's all original. it's just one huge block of soapstone. the original working kitchen was eliminated in 1980 because it had been updated so many times, and so a modern elevator was put into this space that originally

had the kitchen in it. it was actually a very small room. it was much like a galley kitchen that had a 12-burner hotel stove and a couple of small pantries, and so that space was eliminated. but i've -- it always made me laugh that there are actually three sets of doors from the kitchen into the house, and there were two reasons for that. the most obvious is that they did not want heat from the kitchen to go into the more formal rooms of the house, but also cooking smells. the victorians were absolutely obsessed with not allowing cooking smells to emanate into the room, and the pabst daughter, who had built a large house in germany, we have her letters to her architect requesting a very tall chimney to vent the cooking smells out of her kitchen and her house. so it's interesting how now we

think of it as being homey and what makes a home are the cooking smells, and obviously during this period it was considered extremely vulgar, so -- well, now we'll leave the servants quarters of the house, and before we do we'll just pass by captain pabst's elevator that was put in for him. he was a sufferer of emphysema, so this was put in during his last month of life, and, unfortunately, it was completed just three weeks after he had passed away, but this is a single-passenger elevator. it's probably one of the oldest ones still extent in a home in milwaukee. we pass back into the formal portion of the house, and then we'll go over to captain pabst's study, which was kind of his quiet retreat. it was kind of an intimate nook.

so now we are ensconced in what is really kind of this very dramatic room that is kind of recalling his earlier life in germany, although he grew up very modestly on a farm. this probably in some respects represents kind of an ideal in his mind of what someone of his position's home should look like. and so all the woodwork in here is wall net and oak, designed in a 17th century german renaissance design, antiqued to give it to the appearance that was 200 years old 100 years ago but was indeed made here in milwaukee. what's particularly beautiful about this room and again harkens to the craftsmen that were working in the dining room,

certain artists including milwaukee artist louis meyer actually created this magnificent ceiling, all done using different colored stains to give the effect of inlay and then incorporating captain pabst's favorite german phrases into the design as well. and so in the small box, you have the one word learn over the fireplace and then a feeling heart suffers pain. honor, never have i found anything more priceless than a quite and true heart and wait. never soft, never loud what a friend has told you in confidence. these were little pearls of wisdom that captain pabst enjoyed. captain pabst also had an excellent sense of humor, and so for an 1899 party invitation, he incorporated a couple of other phrases. a good glass of wine and a good song will keep body and soul young for all time.

at the end of the invitation, it said got a hangover? then drown it. while he could be very lofty in his ideals and aspirations, he also had a great sense of humor. this compartment over here was actually captain pabst's cigar humidor, which was extraordinary. he was a big smoker of fine cigars, and according to his cashbooks he spent between $16 and $21 a month on cigars alone, which was almost what he was paying one of his staff members. behind some of these compartments, we actually have a secret area for books and documents, which is kind of fun

that these spaces exist behind the panelling. the painting over the fireplace is actually very interesting, and it's the original painting that captain pabst selected to have over his fireplace in this room. it's entitled "plowing in sacks any" by richard lorenz. lorenz was an artist who had grown up in sacsany almost exactly where captain pabst had grown up. this painting represents the landscape of where captain pabst was born, this very flat land outside of leipzig. so in many ways this painting pulls this room together, because it exhibits where captain pabst began and where he ended up. so you have this wonderful combination of details, of his german heritage and also elements of the fortune that he made in america of which he was very proud to be a citizen as well. so all of these things put together kind of made up the

complex character of captain pabst. we're at the base of the grand staircase, and in the southern united states you would have a pineapple as a symbol of hospitality at the foot of your grand staircase. here we have the hops bud so we have hopspitality here at the pabst mansion. it's a terrible joke but here it is. we have the hop's bud going up on all of our posts going up the grand staircase, and, again, this is a wonderful space that is open and bright and crowned by stained glass skylight. and so this is all carved quarter song oak, and, again, i think this was such an extraordinary point to remind people that all of this was put together in the course of two years, and it's extraordinary to

think of all the craftsmen that worked on this house to accomplish all of this in such a short period of time. i always think looking at this magnificent stair hall how could they have built this house in just two years? in fact, captain pabst was frustrated that it was taking so long. so it's hard to even think of the fact that it could have taken even less time to build this house than just two years. this little spot right here is called the trumpet tower. while it's more or less an architectural device to break up the stair hall, this spot was used by the pabst family to keep a large chinese vase. in 1895 one of the grandsons was playing on the staircase right above us, and he decided to dive head forward into the chinese vase that was on the trumpet tower. he ended up exploding the vase, and pieces of it shattered and flew everywhere.

he broke both of his wrists but this little spot actually saved his life. as you can imagine, these were the private quarters for the pabst family. just into this room this was the regency room, and this was the bedroom of their youngest daughter uma and actually our most recent restoration effort. called the regency room naturally because of the swag and tassel design on the fireplace mantle. that element is carried out in the silk wall conversation that were replicated for us in this room and also the original lincrusted details on the cove and in the ceiling.

this room which had been painted completely white in the 1960s was completely refurbished and completed just a little more than a year ago. by doing intricate color analysis of the ceiling, using a dental instrument, our historic color analysts from chicago came up, revealed certain key elements of the ceiling and then mapped out the entire original pattern. once we had the original palette for the room, we were able to transpose those colors down into the room because, of course, of all of our photographs of this room in 1897 were all black and white. so use flag we were able to apply color to the silk wall conversation and also in our efforts to recreate the draperies and the bed coverlet as well. the rug was hand-knotted for us, and, again, brings out all of those decorative details, and

the color is just very harmonious and kind of pulls together the entire suite of rooms. this is one of my favorite rooms in the house. there is just something about the design and the symmetry that i really enjoy. now when you look at the black-and-white photographs and you compare the room, it's almost completely spot-on, and so you feel a particular joy when you realize that the restoration of the room was so completely successful that it really hardens you to know that the room will stay like this now in perpetuity and will hopefully never have to be completely restored again. among the modern conveniences that were included in the pabst mansion were in suite bathrooms, and there were ten of them in the house. that's really remarkable, and i

think about the first generation of contractors that had to deal with electric lighting and plumbing all of these bathrooms and forced air heating systems. it's pretty extraordinary. in the regency room bathroom we still have the original bathroom tile, and we have the one original remaining tub in the house. this -- the only reason why this tub survived is it was being used as a slop sink in the basement, and so we've had -- we've reconditioned and restored and brought up and will be -- when we're done with the restoration of the bathroom, it will be all put together again and definitely in a better place than it had been.

a number of years ago we had water damage occur in part of the house, which actually was fortuitous because it forced us to take off some of the woodwork in one of the back halls, revealing a little section of stencil work that had been in the servants quarters. we started to look for stencils in less formal portions of the house, including bathrooms, so we were very excited to find the original detail of stencil work that was in this bathroom. and so it was revealed so cleanly, that we decided to leave a section of that original material and then carry out the recreation of the stencil work from that point. and i think that's really important when people come to see a place like the pabst mansion, that these are original details that we are putting back. these aren't just things that we are picking out of catalogs or pattern books. so going out into the second floor hall, this was more or less a drawing room for the family in front of a fireplace and in front of what were then

comfortable pieces of furniture in this hall. the painting that is kind of the show-stopper of this particular space was recently reacquired by us, and it's entitled "farewell to the homeland." the pabsts would have purchased this in the 1880s. it was actually painted in 1856 in the decade around when captain and mrs. pabst both emigrated to america from germany. so this painting in particular would have had such great resonance with both captain and mrs. pabst in that they would have experienced all the emotion of leaving one's homeland for the unknown. so that's what this painting is conveying, all this great sadness. however, on the left side of the painting underneath the old varnish, you also have two or three gentlemen having a drink and looking forward. and so this is conveying the

both sides of the emigration story, the sadness of leaving one's homeland but also looking forward to new opportunities. this is the master suite, and in this particular room is the master sitting room. this would have been mrs. pabst's kind of inner sanctum where she would have had her sewing table and her desk to do her correspondence, and more so than anywhere you've seen in the pabst mansion today, you're actually seeing something that was like a middle class victorian house dropped into the middle of a very fine gilded age mansion. rather than the silk wall coverings that their children enjoyed in the other rooms throughout the house, mrs. pabst selected victorian floral wallpapers. they had mismatched furniture from their old house. they had rocking chairs in front of the fireplace. it was much more of a homespun

room than any other space in the mansion. this is currently our most recent restoration project, and we are seeking to recapture that essence of that hominess that mrs. pabst wanted for her own private quarters. on the ceiling you can see how all of this ornament had been painted white in the 1960s, but beneath the surface of white paint we're actually finding the original colors, and if you look into this laurel wreath on the ceiling, you'll see fragments of the original palm fronds painted on to the ceiling surface. these are all the details that are going to be brought back, as well as re-created victorian wallpapers and the victorian drapes that would have been into this space. so by the end of this project it will create this very interesting balance between the heavy gilded age rooms throughout the rest of the mansion with this kind of very

personal space that the pabsts wanted to create for themselves. one of our upcoming restoration projects, which we're actually very excited by, which does have historical significance, is the restoration of the pabst beer pavilion, and this is such a great story of captain pabst and his kind of reaching the zenith of his career. the pabst brewing company decided to exhibit pabst products at the world's fair in chicago in 1893. so captain pabst had this amazing pavilion built out of terra cotta and stained glass to

display a 13-square foot model of all the pabst buildings in milwaukee created and burnished all in 24 karat gold. it was a very elaborate display. and so pabst, of course, was submitted into the contest to be chosen as america's finest beer, which it was. on every can and bottle of pabst blue ribbon today still has the note that this was chosen as america's finest beer in 1893. so with captain pabst with the gold medal in his hand and that's a little secret that there actually never was a blue ribbon. that was a marketing gimmick that captain pabst came up with in the 1880s. so with the gold medal in his hand, captain pabst had the entire structure dismantled, crated up, brought up to milwaukee and added on to the side of his mansion.

so here we are in the pavilion, and so this was -- this was captain pabst's display at the world's fair in chicago in 1893. and so after the fair was over, he had this entire terra cotta structure dismantled, brought up to milwaukee, created into his own private summer conservatory but then converted by the archdiocese into a chapel. one of the issues that we're going to have to deal with is that the entire structure is made out of terra cotta, so within the terra cotta is a 19th century corroding iron structure which, unfortunately, is breaking the pavilion apart from the inside out, and so to restore the building, we have to take the entire structure down to the foundation, remove that faulty structural support, and then rebuild it using original terra cotta blocks and then also recreating the broken terra cotta blocks in new terra cotta blocks in buffalo, new york. by the end of the entire restoration process, the pavilion will be restored back to what captain pabst enjoyed in the 19th century. that small building that has