of the repression where the community had not so much of the trust and better said, they had a fear no matter being from the military or being from the police sidehat has by granting their political control in establishing the monopoly of the public security. at the same time prior to this has been started the process of the reconstruction of the political system that we would be establishing together with the local actors which would be meeting the needs of the country and would be fitting to the circumstances of the count rry s countririess based on the government based on the power sharing of the models.

they will lead you from the short time of the solution or the challenges dressing immediately and the democracy to develop and the security level and in order to stop building. and the president johnson, i'm turning back your comment from a minute ago back to you, when you say anything is important and yet you still have to prioritize. you have to focus security and democracy, broadly speaking and moving away from the need of development. how do you make those decisions? how do you organize? how do you approach it? >> it is always a challenge trying to find the right balance between the promotion of sustainable development based

upon growth and achieving growth and the promotion of democracy based upon an open society in which accountability, transparenc transparency, participation and the key elements if one wants to, one has to find a way to reinforce it and that's always difficult. putting one to work, changing the work ethic and ethics in an environment in which having a society long before being refugees where they become parts of the norm in the behavior. the two must reinforce each other. there's always a debate as to whether democracy catalyzes development or development catalyzes democracy. in our own experience we have both, but there are bound to be

contradictions because there are times when we must have the infrastructure fixed and introducing measures that fight corruption and accountability and then the society that fuels it being neglected and the needs should be met and they should have the freedom to choose and they must allow the freedom to choose. but we chose the path to trying to stabilize the situation and get the fundamentals in place while at the same time allowing freedom in the society as a participation in accountability and that does create tension and as i mentioned before, in a youth it has a sense of

entitlement and in some cases it is disappointment because their lives have not changed quickly while you address the fundamentals. >> that's the second time you mentioned the youth and the concern you have about how they see the future. president bandar, is there a way? is there one right formula as you think about balancing all of these priorities? yes, which i have done in malawi, by the way, it was only six weeks. [ applause ] >> it does take some gall on my part to ask her these questions when she's only been there less than two months. the whole world has asked, how do you have money to do so much

in six weeks, but i think it was necessary. it's about the people who are prepared for change. so it will be easier for me to make some of the bold decisions. the winds before the short term and it is to give people hope. in my case, i established the health and the second one was the essential initiative on poverty and education, because i wanted people to continue to hold on to hope because i knew these are the two areas that they were concerned about. as you know, in africa, 690

women die out of 100,000 giving birth, and so increasing every day i say to the people it's a symptom. we must not accept a woman to die giving birth to another life. i've also seen on the initiative on poverty is to encourage women and youth getting involved in the production of cash crops that have export potential. this is in short term in order for people to see that this is something they should look forward to and in the six weeks i have launched the construction of two shelters so that women can get to clinics to wait there so that they don't die walking the long distance to the clinic. in the long term, you must begin

to show the people that we must -- we must change eight, and also to begin to strengthen our governor's institutions. i have also spoken again and again about corruption and putting place institutions, but also to follow up cases that have been lying there because people do not want to talk with him. so in the long term it is the economic recovery to strengthen the institutions, but also to begin to bring back the confidence of our donors and partners that had walked away because that really, really devastated malawians because that devastated relation with the uk. these are things that you do in

order to bring people involved and gain the confidence for people to move along with you. >> we talk about these broad concepts, development, democracy, security, but when i hear each of you speak you're talking about specific steps that you have to take that make those things a reality. is that a big part of what it means to choose? >> absolutely. i have the privilege of nine years, and i know you can't tackle everything at once. you pick your fights and you prioritize as to what can you do in what timeframe. you can't do everything at once and you can then build further on as you have the time and opportunity and looking at the issues which confront countries coming out of crisis. by the time a presence is in

place and the constitution is there and the presence has been held and how do you build the capacity to deliver and it's very important as a part of building confidence as well. you need to build the capacity of the product which is for scrutinizing government and the other institutions which warn against corruption, et cetera and the role of the security sectors has a very little fight so a big job to do there. the role of the judiciary has to be held and the reconstruction and it can take a long time to get to the significant infrastructure and at least the basics have to be begun. and then i stress again the

all-important livelihoods that people need to eat and earn a living and the development partners can be quite helpful is in support for the cash for work kinds of schemes which get income back into people's pockets and enable the economy to start again. inclusion was mentioned a great deal and as a priority and for the public money that isn't available and education skills because we're all talking about the youth generation which wants to fulfill its potential and is frustrated and it does deal with the hopes and dreams and young people and all our societies is in trouble and it is a complicated agenda and peck your way through it very deliberately. >> ms. robinson, what advice would you have? if you would presume to give advice, as you hear the

difficult choices that these leaders are having to make every single day? >> what i was struck with when i was listening was the commitm t commitment, but also the willingness to be innovative and i remember in 2009 being in liberia for an international symposium and that the president with the support of another president at the time and the president of finland brought together and the criticism of for daring to have an international symposium for having a basic infrastructure and for the hotels that people can stay in, and it was great for not just the women of the country and the pride of the country and the changed some of the dynamics. so my sense is, and i say this particularly to president bandar. she's a new president in a country where she's already made

impact in. from time to time do something bigger in order to -- and do it with partners, with outside partners of that kind because then you continue in a symbolic way to drive that agenda, and we -- it's not business as usual anymore. we have the extraordinary capacity of people themeses to think and people in the sector, and what amazes me at the moment is the cell-employed women's association and worldwide and some shack dwellers and these are very poor people, but they're leaking through the numbers that they are and we have to address the unemployment of young people and it has to be done in innovative way, and i think the capacity to create these partnerships and the women are good at partnering and

better partnerships including in the business community and it has it take on much more of a role in development, and the last thing i would say because i have to is the commitment of these distinguished women, dealing with the countries that they have to prioritize. each of them have prioritized democracy and the structures of democracy. are they getting good examples from the long-established democracies? you know, money is corrupting democracy in this country and it is being followed in the rest of the world and the packs and super pacs are undermining democracy and it's something we have to be vigilant about. [ applause ] >> bring ng up democracy at the end is a perfect segway for me because president bandar, what does democrat democrat see look

like for you right now in the world, is it appealing in the form of government because there are criticisms of democracies in the way democracies work. they're not all perfect, as we know. what does democracy look like right now? is it as appealing as it once was? how do you know that it's the right path for your country? >> i have always said that you use democracy for the whole world, but each part of the world will have their own way to develop their own world and call it democracy because for example in other parts of the world they didn't have democracy. they had what looked like autocratic governments and then they forged to get what they thought they would get is

democracy and now it's total chaos. is that what we want? i don't know. but for us in africa, i think we're coming up with our model and a mix of democracy and a mix of us respecting on our traditional and historical models where our local leader ships do exist and they have the final say, and i'm taking total advantage of that in my maternal health program because the chiefs, i engage the chiefs because the chiefs what he says in each village, every woman shall go, but that would be considered being autocratic, but for me it's as i fight. ? so, yes, democracy is good and

flourishing in malawi, but i think each part of the world will have to figure out what they think about democracy. >> what about in liberia? >> you have a different history from every other country and every country's history is unique. what does the country's history right now? >> today i think democracy as exemplified in the liberian experience are the basic things we know. the promotion of basic freedoms. freedoms of expression and association, religion, the right of the people to participate in the decisions that affect their lives and the right to insist on

accountability and transparency by their governments, but we have to be very mindful about what she said when she talked about democracy being corrupted by money. when i campaigned in liberia in the '80s, we went to the villages and we were hosted by villag villages. they fed you and campaigned for you and i carried the caps and all of the goodies that they feel entitled and ante keeps going up and they cost money and you have to go to china to bring them in containers. and democracy remains the same and we have to put a check on what's happening and how much you give away.

president yahya, what does democracy mean to you? is it the same as what it felt like five, ten years ago? >> no, it is not the same. democrat see today and what it was four years ago or 30 years ago. democracy is very achieve ashlgs i think, but at same time it is quite a challenging process. the ltcm ltcm see by many people can be understood especially in the beginning like the freedom of the expression and freedom of the speech, but sometimes i found quite often that with the recent examples that the democracy people expect a very quick result. when there is not a quick results then they become quite a disappointment. democracy is not the process

that you started today and you finish by tomorrow. it's a life-lasting process. with the process of democracy people must have access to the information that brings into the light of the level of the interaction between the government and between the people. the governments are there to serve the people and not the people to serve the government and that the larger has to be inserted. the process of the democratization in my country has lasted longer than we expected. mary has mentioned the issue of the example of the democracy. i have a message here that is nothing that you can take out of kosovo and you can insert it or anything else.

no, this is where it's falling within the international community and the international community should come hand to hand with the local government and to start the process of the democracy and not to try to impose or try to force the system because it is not going to work out. there is a certain example and yes, everywhere in the world, it's leak that and so only the body language in the world can by receiving those kind of changes very differently. in my country, the process of building democratization has been done with the international partners. every process has been planned in advance.

that would be reflecting and maybe the great example in finland and it cannot work out in the mentality of kosovo. so the country has to adopt the experience and expertise to their own needs and all specifications, so it has to be translated with the way of thinking and a way of saying we think the country in order to be more received and more used within the country. >> whom should hear that message? whom do you want to hear that message that you so passionately shared with us? >> it should be from the local leaders in the community -- >> who do you -- >> from the international communities. there has to be flexibility with their mission and date. there is not a mission mandate prior to reaching to the ground.

it has to be pre-planned with the local actors or within the country because it cannot function in just trying to come and insert it within the country because it will not have an effect. >> administrator clark, is that realistic in the way things work that way in the world? i will tackle the question and is democracy appealing as a form of government. >> you can do both and a statement and it is the best of available options because what is the alternative to value without con sense and to give the choice of who rules and of course, we see some authoritarian regimes with elected consent for quite a long time and there comes a time and those tipping points may be in the economic hardship and there may be the growing despair of youth and the further

impoverishment that came with the global recession and the tipping points with the growing middle class and the organization of workers and the organization of students and of course, another tipping point, i think with the role of information with the communications technologies which has had a democrat tiesing effect in a number of countries. i think democracies have had the safety valves with it and it provides peacefully changing -- and many others are right to stress the point of being vigilant with democracy because too much money sloshing around is corrosive of democracy and a number of democracies are challenged by these issues at the moment as to how do you provide for freedom of expression and voice, but not would that become overweeding because of concentration of

power. >> do you think the international community is prepared to hear the kind of message we hear from president yayaga that it needs to listen to what the community wants and it can't be imposed from the outside? >> i think each country has to craft its own design, but we go back to the fundamental principle and we think they have the right to build, and we have the constitution in kosovo and like the constitution of new zealand. it will be its own creation, but it respects that basic power of the people to choose, then i think it would be -- >> president robinson, what about that? >> how much can a count rery tr

its own democracy. i think from all of us, i think, that has to be the starting point that can build with your community and that's the essential voice and the international community as much as possible should support the way in which that would develop, and i'm involved in the interesting way of assessing how countries are doing in governments in the country of africa, and i'm on the board and on the committee of the ibrahim foundation and the index covers and the continent of africa and we have to wait now because of sudan and it's excluded for a year or two, and some of the other countries are being ranked for the economic development and human rights and participation and tackling poverty and you can actually see in the index the countries that are making progress and it's very interesting to see, for example, liberia is coming up the index.

countries like zimbabwe have gone down, and this is an index that is created by an african and it was born in sudan and it's a businessman who made a lot of money from cell phone and putting cell phones in african countries without corruption which he sold to the kuwaiti government for a huge amount of money and he put his money back into this foundation and we don't measure the performance of democratic governments and it's left far too much to politicians making rhetorical speeches rather than what are they actually doing? >> can you measure improvements in health and education and this is what this foundation is doing and this is a very innovative example. >> i want to turn -- we can't

have this extraordinary group of leaders without asking how much difference it makes or does it make a difference with president johnson to be a woman in the position? are there -- is there a material difference in what you're able to do and how you're perceived by the people who chose you? how do you -- how do you see that? you've had a chance over the years to think about this a lot. >> yes, it does make a difference. [ applause ] >> for so many years the first time we've had progress in six years. no, but really, i do believe that women leadership bring a

certain dimension to the management and that's that caring and sharing and that sensitivity to the needs of human kind they think comes from being warm, from being a mother, but at the same time it does not and should not take away from a woman's competitiveness and a woman's ability to lead in a world today that requires a certain amount of qualifications and the amount of technocratic abilities and once those are in place and those qualifications are in place, then i think a woman leads and quite frankly, i think a woman is more honest. >> what about the fact that you're a woman in your position, you've been there only week, but

you've had a chance in your previous position, of course, to look at this, think about this. let me start by saying three days ago in washington. malawians had a meeting with me and the spokesperson said we have hired three presidents, what is it that you're going do differently? we've been disappointed before, and i said well, they were not women. and what with i was trying to say that i was trying to communicate that it was my personal conviction that women look at leadership different. it is the value systems. for me, being a leader is about being -- serving the op