i've been on many, many radio and tv shows. if you're invited to be on, they to a preinterview to make sure you're going to be confrontational enough before they let you on the air. and so we're talking about a lot of basic reforms that need to be made it's not just -- i mean, i want to change the election system, the primary system, redistricting, but these problems are a lot deeper than that. we -- we need some real wakening in america of what a true democracy requires. >> we actually have to stop, i'm sorry to say. but before we do, i want to put in a plug here. both jackie and mickey have books that are coming out this summer, but you don't have to wait. you can preorder them tonight at your favorite online book seller. so i want to give you the titles and make sure you go home and preorder their books. so jackie's book -- jackie's

book is "independence rising: outsider movements, third parties, and the struggle for post-partisan america." mickey's book is "the parties versus the people: how to turn republic ans and democrats into americans." both hit the book shelves in august. i know you're going to want to have them in your hands the very first day or in your kindles, so preorder them tonight. i want to thank everyone for coming. i want to share with you my biggest takeaway, and i can't thank you both enough for spending this me with us. the most important thing about tonight's event is all of you and everyone watching on c-span. what i hear you both saying is that it's up to us to continue to build a movement, a very ordinary american, that can restructure the process, that can create a new culture, that can create a new space for innovation and make some new demands. and i feel very energized by our

dialogue tonight and i can't thank you both enough for being here. we'll see everyone else at the next politics for the people. thank you so much. >> thank you. next on c-span3, a senate judiciary subcommittee hearing on racial profiling in the u.s. then female nobel prize winners discuss women's rights and peacemaking. after that, young female activists speak out about

efforts to advance women's issues. and later, tea party activist c.l. bryant discusses why he left the democratic party. with congress on break this week, we're featuring american history tv's weekend programs in primetime on c-span3. tonight we look at the legacy of watergate on the 40th anniversary of the break-in. starting at 8:00 p.m. eastern, tour the nixon presidential library's watergate exhibit with former director timothy naftali. at 9:00, max holland's book "leak" examining why fbi official mike felt became deep throat. and at 10:00, the white house officials, investigators and "washington post" reporters who first broke the story. american history tv in primetime, all week on c-span3. this weekend, head to the state capitol named in honor of thomas jefferson with book tv and american history tv in jefferson city, missouri.

saturday at noon eastern, literary life. former senator and missouri first lady jean carnahan on family life inside the governor's mansion from her book "if walls could talk." also a butcher's bill, a provisions list from ancient mesopotamia to the university of missouri special collections. the story behind eight miniature babb loan yan clay tablets. saturday, 5:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv -- >> at one time, 1967, this was called the bloodiest 47 acres in america. >> a former warden takes you through the historic missouri state penitentiary. also walk back through history in the halls o the missouri state capitol and governor's mansion. once a month, c-span's local content vehicle explore the history and literary life of cities across america. this weekend, from jefferson city, saturday at noon and sunday at 5:00 eastern, on c-span2 and c-span3. next, the senate judiciary

subcommittee on civil rights looks at racial profiling in the u.s. panelists including senator ben cardin of maryland, the executive director of the aclu, and the president of the center for equal opportunity focused on racial profiling in state immigration laws, bias in law enforcement against african-americans, and anti-terrorism efforts that target american muslims. this is 2 hours and 15 minutes. >> we'll come to order. our hearing today will focus on a civil rights issue that goes to the heart of america's promise of equal justice under the law. protecting all americans from the scourge of racial profiling. racial profiling is not new. at the dawn of our republic, roving bands of white men known as slave patrols subjected african-american freed men and slaves to searches, detentions and brutal violence. during the great depression, many american citizens of

hispanic decent were deported to mexico during the repate reization. during world war ii, japanese-americans were rounded up, held, and confined in internment camps. 12 years ago, 12 years ago in march 2000, this subcommittee held the senate's first ever hearing on racial profiling. it was convened by then-senator john ashcroft who would later be appointed attorney general by president george w. bush. in february 2001, in his first joint address to congress, president george w. bush said that racial profiling is, quote, wrong, and we will end it in america. end of quote. we take the title of today's hearing from the promise president bush made that night 11 years ago. in june, 2001, our former colleague, senator russ fine fwoe gold of wisconsin, held the senate's second and most recent hearing on racial profiling.

i was there. there was bipartisan agreement about the need to end racial profiling. then came 9/11. in the national trauma that followed, civil liberties came face to face with national security. arab americans, american muslims, south asian americans faced national origin and religious profiling. to take one example, the special registration program targeted arab and muslim visitors, requiring them to promptly register with the ins or face deportation. at the time, i called for the program to be terminated. there were serious doubts if it would help us in any way to combat terrorism. terrorism experts have since concluded that special registration wasted homeland security resources and infect alienated patriotic arab americans and american muslims. more than 80,000 people registered under that program. more than 13,000 were placed in

deportation proceedings. even today, many innocent arabs and muslims face deportation because of special registration. so how many terrorists were identified by the special registration program? none. next wednesday, the supreme court will hear a challenge to arizona's controversial immigration law. the law is one example of a spate of federal, state and local measures in recent years that under the guise of combatting illegal immigration have subjected hispanic americans to an increase in racial profiling. arizona's law requires police officers to check the immigration status of any individual if they have, quote, reasonable suspicion, closed quote, that the person is an undocumented immigrant. what is the basis for reasonable suspicion? arizonan's guidance on the law tells police officers to consider factors such as how someone is dressed and their ability to communicate in english. two former arizona attorneys general joined by 42 other state

attorneys general filed an amicus brief in the arizona case in which they said, quote, application of the law requires racial profiling. closed quote. and, of course, african-americans continue to face racial profiling on the streets and sidewalks of america. the tragic, tragic killing of trayvon martin is now in the hands of the criminal justice system. but i note that according to an affidavit filed by investigators last week, the accused defendant, quote, profiled trayvon martin, and, quote, assumed martin was a criminal, closed quote. the senseless death of this innocent young man has been a wake-up call to america. and so, 11 years after the last senate hearing on racial profiling, we return to the basic question. what can we do to end racial profiling in america? we can start by reforming the justice department's racial profiling guidance. issued in 2003 by attorney general john ashcroft. the guidance prohibits the use

of profiling by federal law enforcement in, quote, traditional law enforcement activities, end of quote, and that's a step forward. however, this band does not apply to profiling based on religion and national origin. and it does not apply to national security and border security investigations. in essence, these exceptions are a license to profile american muslims and hispan americans. as the nonpartisan congressional research service concluded, the guidance, quote, numerous exceptions may invite broad circumvengs for individuals of middle eastern origin and profiling of latinos. today, congressman john conyers and are sending a letter signed by 13 senators and 3 members of the house asking attorney general holder to close the loopholes in the justice department's racial profiling guidance. congress should also pass the end racial profiling act that i welcomed the attendance of my colleague and former member of these committee, senator cardin

of maryland, who has taken up this cause from our colleague senator feingold and he's here today to testify. let's be clear, and i want to say this and stress it. the overwhelming majority of law enforcement officers perform their jobs admirably, honestly, and courageously. they put their lives on the line to protect us every single day. but the inappropriate actions of a few who engage in racial profiling create mistrust and suspicion that hurt all police officers. we'll hear testimony to what has been done in a positive way to deal with this issue by superintendent of police. that's why so many law enforcement leaders strongly oppose racial profiling. racial profiling undermines the rule of law and strikes at the core of our nation's commitment to equal protection for all. you'll hear from the experts on our panel today. the evidence clearly demonstrates that racial

profiling simply does not work. i hope today's hearing can be a step toward ending racial profiling in america at long last. senator graham is running a little late. senator leahy is out of the senate this morning. but was kind enough to allow me to convene this hearing. and i'm sure we'll add a statement to the record. i'm going to open the floor to senator graham when he does arrive, but for the time being, because we have many colleagues here who have busy schedules of their own, i want to turn to the first panel of witnesses. at the outset, i do want to note that i invited the department of justice to participate in today's hearing, but they declined. we're honored to be joined today by our colleagues from the senate and the house. in keeping with the practice of this committee, first we will hear from members of the senate then members of the house, a practice which i loathed in the house but now that we're running a show i'm afraid you'll have to live with it, my house colleagues. each witness will have three minutes for an opening statement. your complete written statement

will be included in the record. first witness, senator cardin, a former member of this committee. senate sponsor of the end racial profiling act which i'm proud to co-sponsor. this is senator cardin's second appearance before the subcommittee. he testified before us last year at the first ever hearing of this committee of the civil rights of american muslims. senator cardin, we're pleased you can join us today. please proceed. >> senator durbin, first, let me thank you for your leadership on this subcommittee. in fact, we have this subcommittee as a testament to your leadership in making clear that civil and human rights are going to be a priority of the united states senate. so i thank you for your leadership and thank you very much for calling this hearing. it's a pleasure to be here with all my colleagues but i particularly want to acknowledge senator conyers and his extraordinary leadership on behalf of civil rights and these issues. congressman conyers was a real mentor to me when i was in the house and still is, and we thank you very much for your leadership on this issue.

senator durbin, you pointed out that the nation which was shocked -- if i could ask unanimous consent to put my entire statement in the record, along with the list of the many organizations that are supporting the legislation that i filed, s-1670. as you pointed out, senator durbin, the nation was shocked by the tragedy that took place in sanford, florida, with the tragic death of 17-year-old trayvon martin. a very avoidable death. and the question i think most people are asking, and we want justice in this case, and we're pursuing that and we have the department of justice investigation and we all very much want to see that investigation carried out. not only to make sure that justice is carried forward as far as those responsible for his death, but also as to how the investigation, itself, was handled. i think the question that needs to be answered is whether race played a role in trayvon martin being singled out by mr. zimmerman. and that, of course, would be racial profiling, an area that

we all believe needs to be -- we need to get rid of that. as far as the legitimacy of using racial profiling in law enforcement. in october of last year, i filed the end racial profiling act, and as you pointed out, carrying on from senator feingold's efforts on behalf of this legislation. i thank you very much for your leadership as a co-sponsor. we have 12 members of the senate who have co-sponsored this legislation including majority leader senator harry reid is co-sponsor. racial profiling is un-american. it's against the values of our nation. it's contrary to the 14th amendment to the constitution, equal protection of the laws. it's counterproductive in keeping us safe. it's wasting the valuable resources that we have and has no place in modern law enforcement. we need a national law, and that's why i encourage the committee to report 1670 to the floor. it prohibits the use of racial profiling, that is, using race,

ethnicity, national origin, or religion in selecting which individual is to be subject to a spontaneous investigation, activity such as a traffic stop, such as interviews, such as frisks, et cetera. it applies to all levels of government. it requires mandatory training, data collection by local and state law enforcement, and a way of maintaining adequate policies and procedures designated to end racial profiling. the states are mandated to do that or risk the loss of federal funds. the department of justice has granted authority to make grants to state and local governments to advance the best practices. as i pointed out, it has the support of numerous groups and you'll be hearing from some of them today. let me just conclude, as my statement will give all the details of the legislation. by quoting our former colleague, senator kennedy when he says civil rights is the great

unfinished business of america. i think it's time that we move forward in fwarnting to every citizen of this country equal justice under the law and s-1670 will move us forward in that direction. thank you. >> thank you, senator cardin. i might also that we're at capacity in this room and anyone unable to make it inside the room will have an overflow room in dirksen g-50 which is two floors below us here. senator graham suggested we proceed with the witnesses. next up is congressman john conyers. the house sponsor of the end racial profiling act, ranking member of the house judiciary committee. serving in the house of representatives since 1965, john conyers is the second longest serving member. i think second to another member from michigan, if i'm not mistaken. congressman conyers testified at both the previous senate hearings on racial profiling in 2000 and 2001.

congressman conyers, we are honored to have you here as a witness, and the floor is yours. >> thank you, mr. chairman. and to your colleague, who is another former house member, if i remember correctly, and senator ben cardin as well, all of you are working in the backdrop of a huge discussion that has been going on for quite some time. when i came to the congress and asked to go on the judiciary committee in the house and that was granted, emanuel seller was then the chairman who did such landmark work in the civil rights act of 1964.

then we followed up with the voter rights act of 1965. and from that time on, a group of scholars, activists organizations, civil rights people, and americans of goodwill have all began examining what brings us here today. and accounts for the incredible long line and was waiting to get into this and the holding room today. i come here proud of the fact that there is support growing in this area. only yesterday we had a memorial

service for john peyton, known by most of us here, for the great work that he has done and contributed in civil rights. not just in the courts and in the law, but what i think it is the purpose of our hearing here today. namely, to have honest discussions about this subject so that we can move to a conclusion of this part of our history. and so i'm just so proud of all of you for coming here and continuing this discussion, because it's going to turn on more than just the legislators or the department of justice, and i am -- i'm with you in

improving some of their recommendations and i commend eric holder for the enormous job that he has been doing in that capacity. but this is a subject that is a part of american history. the one thing that i wanted to contribute here is what racial profile isn't -- profiling isn't. racial profiling does not mean we cannot refer to the race of a person if it is subject specific or incident specific. we're not trying to take the description of race out of law enforcement and its administration.

what we're saying that racial profiling is -- must not be subject specific or incident specific. and that's what we're trying to do here today. it's a practice that is hard to root out. i join in praising the overwhelming majority of law enforcement men and women who want to improve this circumstance, but, you know, one of the greatest riots, race riots in detroit that occurred was because of a police incident was started. we have in detroit right now a

coalition against police brutality. a ron scott, an activist and a law student, is working -- had been working there for years. and so we encourage not only this legislative discussion about an important subject, but we -- and we praise our civil rights organizations that have been so good at this. the naacp. the legal defense fund of naacp. the american civil liberties union. and scores of coalitions of community and state organizations that have all been working on this just as we have. and so i believe that there's going to be a time very soon

when we will pass the legislation that you worked on in the house and the senate and that we will -- we will enjoy that day forward where we will celebrate this movement forward to take the discussion of race out of our national conversation. not because we're sick and tired of it, but because it's not needed any further. i thank you very much for this invitation. >> congressman conyers, it's an honor to have you in the senate judiciary committee hearing. i thank you very much. our next witness is my friend and illinois colleague congressman louis who represents the fourth congressional district. he chairs the immigration task force and is a longtime champ

whereon for immigration reform. there are many outstanding political leaders in america, but none for forceful and more articulate and more of a leader than my colleague congressman gutierrez. thank you for swroining us. >> thank you so much, chairman durbin, ranking member graham for inviting me to testify here today. i'm one of the proudest things, i am, being the state of illinois, is the senior senator from my state. i'm so happy and delighted to be here with you, senator durbin. i've traveled from coast to coast to visit dozens of cities and communities and listen to immigrant stories. some of my colleagues have told me they're regarded with suspicion. they tell me they're frequently treated differently because of the way they look, sound, or spell their last name. in alabama, i met 20-year-old mart martha, a young woman raised in the u.s. one late afternoon while driving she was pulled over. she was arrested for driving

without a license. and jailed so her status could be checked. because her u.s. citizen president was not present, their child was taken from the back of the car and turned over to an agency. -- married, father of two, south carolina, kids, worked hard, owns his own home. he was stopped because he was pulling into his mobile home community. one of three other hispanic residents stopped that evening. he was arrested for driving without a license. he was then placed in deportation proceedings. we can all guess why the police chose to stop gavino and martha. profiling hispanics and immigrants is the most efficient way to get someone deported. you can't tell if someone is undocumented by the way they look or dress or where they live. in chicago, a puerto rico constituent of mine was detained for five days under suspicion of being undocumented.

indeed, sadly, senators, there are thousands if not thousands of cases unlawfully detained u.s. citizens and legal residents in the united states each year in violation of their constitutional rights. some of them have even been deported and then brought back to the united states of america. that's not an old story. that's a story of today. the federal government took a step in the right direction when it legally challenged the show me your papers laws in alabama, south carolina, and arizona, because the state laws are unconstitutional and interfere with the federal government's ability to set and enforce immigration policy. it makes no sense to file suit against unconstitutional laws. on the one hand. and on the other hand, allow those same laws, people into our centers and deportation pipeline. gavino has been denied because he's been stopped too many times according to the federal

government for driving without a license. the government is complicit in serial profiling because while the state cannot deport gavino and break up his family of american citizens, the federal government is doing just that. and programs like 287-g in communities end up ensnaring tens of thousands of gavinos every year because of the racial profiling, the programs intensify. if we're serious about truly ending racial profiling, we need to back up our lawsuit with actions to protect families and citizens and children and uphold our constitution. i guess the gist of it, i'm happy when the federal government says this is racial profiling, we're going to fight it, and they go into the federal court in arizona and south carolina and in alabama. but until we tell the local officials, if you continue your serial profiling, we are not going to deport people, and they're going to continue to do

it. it just incentivizes. so i hope we can have a conversation about that also. thank you so much for having me here this morning. >> thank you, congressman gutierrez. congressman keith ellison of minnesota, starting his third term representing the fifth congressional district in that state. he co-chairs the congressional progressive office. congressman ellison enjoys a moment in history here as the first muslim elected to the united states congress. previously he served two terms in the minnesota house of representatives. congressman ellison, welcome. the floor is yours. >> thank you, senator durbin, also thank you senator graham. thank you for holding this important hearing. also, thank you for urging attorney general holder to revise the justice department's racial profiling guidance. very important. as you know, that guidance has a loophole allowing law enforcement to profile american citizens based on religion and national origin. while any