and help him with his speeches a short while and he had -- sorenson, he had phoned sorenson and his three little boys down to technology and they were staying at the lewis ranch which were miles away from the lewis ranch and his little boy and sorenson's little boy said dad was supposed to spend time with us that christmas and all we remember is him scribbling in the little room at the end of the hall. several evenings he went down to the ranch house talking to johnson about the speech, but when you analyze those drafts and you can see them in the johnson library draft by draft, sorenson draft one, sorenson draft two, you see how much of it came from johnson. some of it when he delivers the speech are real lyndon johnson words and sorenson had written this administration and declares unconditional war on poverty in america. the speech is delivered by

lyndon johnson is, this administration today here and now declares unconditional war on poverty in america. he had added four words today, here and now. lyndon johnson words and the speech said unfortunately, many americans lived on the outskirts of hope. some because of their poverty and some because of their color, and all too many because of both. our task is to help that one-fifth american families with incomes too small to even meet their basic needs. our chief weapons will be better schools and better health and better homes and better training and better opportunities to help more americans especially the young americans escape from squalor, misery and it's interesting to watch that speech

on tape today, as lyndon johnson says those three words, squalor, misery, unemployment and his eyes beyond what he had to speeches narrow, and i wrote, his lips set already in that grim, tough line, tattered and twisted into an expression, and he continued with words back while none of them applied specifically to the circumstances of his own life, might nevertheless, had had a special resonance by someone growing up in poverty who knew it was only because they hadn't been given a fair chance. of course, lyndon johnson passed the war on poverty, passed so many of the other bills that will be discussed during the rest of this symposium.

he showed in his presidency and he demonstrated in his presidency what he had demonstrated as a young congressman, a rare gift, a talent beyond talent, a talent that was genius for transmitting compassion into government action and to transmit compassion into government action that would make the compassion meaningful. the life of lyndon johnson was very complicated life, but two aspects showing through all of the complications showing brightly through all of the dark episodes, one is the compassion, the sympathy for, the empathy for people, poor people, people of color, people caught in the tentacles of circumstance, and the other is the great gift, the talent beyond talent to make compassion meaningful. meaningful how? to help people fight forces too big for them to fight alone. the proper role of government,

and as i said at the beginning of my talk, it all went back to the beginning and i may have talked too long, but i could write short i wouldn't always be writing 1,000-page books. thank you. [ applause ] all weekend long, american history tv is featuring the history of jefferson city, missouri, the skait state capitol locate and the missouri river. hosted by media partner, recently visited many sites showcasing the city's rich history. learn more about jefferson city, missouri, all weekend on american history tv. i would like to welcome all of you 2today and thank you for coming on behalf of governor jeremiah jay nixon, first lady, their two sons and their dog daniel boone, we welcome you to the home.

this building we're standing in front of was built in 1871, completed in january of 1872, making it 140 years old. this mansion also has the distinction of being unof the oldest official governor's residence to be in continuous use dating back to 1872. well, central missouri was not very well settled there are a lot of people in st. louis, missouri. we had just completed the civil war and there was still a little bit of tensions left from the war at that time, appropriations were given to build the building, however they waited a couple of years after that to make sure we were on steady ground financially. this is actually the third building on this side of the governor's mansion. the first building was a building for legislatures with a room set aside for the governor and his family. after the family outgrew the space of two small rooms in that building and a capitol was built, another small building was built for the governor and his families. however, the materials used for that were not sufficient enough to withstand the weathering and

the years of use on a home like that and became very dilapidated. there was a party in which many people were invited to and they refused to come because there were concern it is too many people got on the second floor it would not hold all of them, therefore, calling the accident. the iembarrassment caused by al of that forced the legislature to have more money to build this building. 2 first family that moved into this current mansion moved in in january of 1872. brown had a quarry down in iron county, missouri, and he had these beautiful pink granite columns made and delivered to the home providing and starting a tradition of stanley giving a gift of some sort and leaving it to our mansion. however, when the columns were delivered they discovered that they were nine inches too short and if you look carefully, we have double bases at the bottom to accommodate the error in their measurement. we always try to tell the school kids, measure twice and cut once

and think of b. grass brown when you do this. barnett, the architect who designed this home was very insistent on everything being se mitt trick call. he wanted all the windows lined up perfectly. he had, however, would have to put windows where this beautiful staircase is below the windows that are there. it bothered him so much they ended up incorn rating dummy windows on the outside with the shutters closed and when you look from the outside it appears as if they are real windows. however, we know from this vantage point they do not penetrate or come through on this side. this staircase is so beautiful and i think one of the most remarkable things about it is the fact that it is hard-carved, free standing, walnut staircase we have in front of us. people forget that in those days they did not have the electricity and the tools that they have available today, so to stop and look at all the beautiful woodwork and the carvings that are on that staircase makes you appreciate

the skill and the workmanship of those workers in those days. the missouri state penitentiary, of course, is located just a couple blocks east of the governor's mansion. a lot of the labor that was used in building this home was prison labor. it took about eight months to build this home and at the cost of about $75,000, which you could understand now why the cost might have been quite as low as it was with the use of prison labor. george barnett, the man who designed this home loved our spaces and you can tell that from the room we are in right now, the double parlor. there are a lot of large rooms throughout the company and be able to handle all the large amounts of people that come to the mansion. not only for tourists but all of the special events they host here at the mansion. i'd like to point out to you the shape of this table that you have in front of you as well as it's carried over into some of the floor coverings that we have. it is the natural footprint of the design of this home. it's called a shape with

rectangular sides and two half circles on either end. if you are above the mansion looking straight down from a helicopter, that would be the shape that you would see and the design of this house. i would like to share with you this portrait we have of mrs. hadley here at the mansion. mrs. hadley was one of the youngest first ladies that lived here at the mansion. however, she chose to wait and have her portrait painted years later when she was in her 60s. the story is that her son john hadley did come in and see the mansion years later and remarked that he wishes mother had not waited until she was so much older to have her portrait painted and wished she had chosen a dress that did not look like a nightgown. mrs. hadley lived here at the mansion when in february 1911 lightning struck the old capitol building and it burned and she and her children were upstairs squadled in blankets watching in horror as the fire burned down the capitol building. this is a portrait of mrs. carolyn bond. carolyn bond was really

important to the mansion in what she did and provided for all of us. in 1973 she opened the mansion to public tours trying to make the mansion available to all the people and children of missouri. we have around 70,000 visitors annually and the s doens have so far given 8,000 volunteer hours to the mansion and the tours. they wear these costumes to try to share with those individuals that come into the home what it might be like the they had visited the home in the 1970s. this is one of my favorite items here. this is a silver punch bowl from the "uss missouri." on the front you can see the picture that's been engraved of the original "uss missouri." on the back side, the missouri state seal and, of course, all the little things on here as well are the oakleys and things that are indigenous to us here at missouri. this punch bowl was on board the "uss missouri" when the treaty was spind ending the war with

japan and world war ii. it was located in the pacific ocean when this occurred. we are presently standing in the formal dining room of the governor's mansion. it was originally two rooms and the door curtain dividing the two rooms was taken down providing extra space and making it a larger room for larger fumpgss. we're also in front of the side board here built in the 1820s and given to the governor's mansion by governor edwards when he left office. the only other known side board that is like this to exist is the one in hermitage home in nashville, tennessee, andrew jackson's home. one of the fun stories we always like to share with the children that they seem to enjoy, there was a governor steward, a bachelor of governor that the story says he rode his horse up the front steps of the mansion, into the dining room and proceeded to feed his horse oats out of this plate warmer as part of the side board. now, the comment was that he's probably should not be feeding

his horse in the governor's mansion, and his comment to them was, i have had to feed more people in this home with probably lessmaners than my horse has. the lovely portrait up here is is of mrs. kritendon. she and her husband lived here at the mansion during the times of jesse james and frank james, the lawlessness that we were worried about the safety of people with train robberies and bank robberies. they did receive a lot of notes and concerns about their daughter's safety. their safety. and despite all of their concerns, their daughter carrie died of diphtheria at the age of 9 here at the mansion. she has been the only child that has died while leaving here at the mansion. she now represents all the health of the missouri children on our missouri children's fountain outside. governor nixon and first lady nixon are with 34th governor and family to live in the governor emansion where we are today. the first governor was b. grass

browne. and here we have a photograph of b. grass browne, his wife and his child grads. what is interesting about b. grass browne is the fact that his granddaughter, margaret weiss browne, wrote the book "good night moon" which is a very favorite of the school children not only here in missouri but all over the united states. the fact that we get to enjoy and be a part of this mansion makes it very special to all of us here in mid missouri. i had a comment from somebody not long ago that told me that the dosens bring to life the mansion. without us here to tell the storieses, to share the history, it would simply be a home that had pictures, furniture, and carpet. but we bring to life those stories that tell about those photographs, those portraits, and tell us about the families who once lived here prior to us. all weekend, american history tv is featuring jefferson city, missouri. our local content vehicles recently traveled there to learn about its rich history.

learn more about jefferson city and c spap's local content vehicles at c-span.org/localconte c-span.org/localcontent. next month we'll feature louisville, kentucky. you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span 3. the life of a sailor includes scrubbing the deck in the morning, working on the sails, climbing a loft, whatever the duties assigned, gun drill practice, by the end of the day you're ready for some rest but you don't get a full eight hours sleep. aboard a ship like "constitution," it's four hours on, four hours off. >> this weekend, the life of an enhisselfed man, aboard the "uss constitution" during the war of 1812. >> the sailor lived in fear of the possibility of being whipped by a cat of nine tails. it was always carried by a petty officer in a bag. the thing a sailor never wanted to see was petty officer who was getting ready for a flogging. it's a phrase we still use today, don't let the cat out of

the bag. you don't want to see the cat of nine tails coming out of the bag for a flogging. >> that's sunday at 7:00 p.m. eastern and pacific. also this weekend, more from the contenders, our series on key political figures who ran for president and lost but changed political history. sunday, 1928 democratic presidential candidate, former new york governor al smith. next on american history tv, a discussion about the fight for equality for women at harvard university. smith college history professor talks about efforts to integrate women, both students and faculty, into the the university. she also looks at the opposition they faced an the on going struggle for full equity. the rat cliff institute for advanced study at harvard university hosted this hour and 30-minute event. >> welcome to the radcliffe

university for advanced study. i'm dean lizabeth cohen, and i'm delighted you could join us for this lecture by helen lefkowitz horowitz, that we at the institute have been very eagerly anticipating since helen accepted our offer to speak last year. let me tell you how and why we are here today. this lecture was first conceived of when harvard began planning it's 375th anniversary celebration. the president and i discussed how the radcliffe institute could make an intellectual contribution to this historic occasion. and just as important to the two of us, both u.s. historians, how the history of women at harvard might be well represented in the course of the anniversary year. because drew was very committed to having this lecture today and worked with me to plan it, she wanted to join us here to welcome helen and to welcome all of you.

so i'm very pleased to invite up here now someone who in this crowd needs no introduction. our own harvard president drew faust. [ applause ] >> thank you. i'm just delighted to be here, and i'm delighted to see so many of you gathered and so many familiar faces in the audience. as liz has said, it seemed extremely important to recognize in a very substantial way the place of women in the history of harvard in this, its first 375 years. and those of you 450 know laurel orricks' work know how vividly she emphasized a decade or more ago that although harvard had not officially had women as part of its student body for many of

its centuries, it nevertheless had women who played important roles in its history from the very moment of its founding. not to mention the most -- not no one here who was anne radcliffe who made a substantial contribution to the college in its earliest days. but women as people cooking and cleaning and making possible the work and study and intellectual life that characterized harvard from its very outset. i can think of no person better to do that an our guest today who liz will come back and introduce in just a minute. i think if we look at the last hundred years, we might be able to look at it in the framework of a narrative of progress for women in this institution. and so i hope there's some lessons that we can draw from helen horowitz' presentation today, some important and

enduring lessons for harvard about how change does happen, about how individuals committed to learning an opportunity can make their way into a world that comes increasingly to accept and embrace them. and also some warnings and some perhaps insights about how much work still remains to be done to ensure that harvard is a place fully embracing of all the men and all the women who can contribute to its next 375 years. thank you very much. liz will now come back. [ applause ] >> thank you very much, drew, for your comments and also for joining us here today. tonight's lecture provides a perfect way, in this 375th anniversary year to honor the

legacy of radcliffe college, while also celebrating its successor, the radcliffe institute for advanced study. for at least a century, radcliffe college took responsibility for educating women at harvard. and since the turn of the first century, the radcliffe institute has committed itself to advancing new thinking and research and then sharing both with the broad public, including those of you who are assembled here today. appropriately, given our topic today, furthering the study of women, gender, and society is one of the institute's intellectual commitments. and we do it through all three branches of the institute. a fellowship program which every year brings 50 female and male scholars and artists to campus, the schlesinger library on the history of women in america, the nation's premiere archival election on the subject,

and what we call academy ventures which sponsors research projects, seminars, conferences, and lectures like this one. although radcliffe is no longer an undergraduate college, the institute continues radcliffe's tradition of deep involvement with students. we invite undergraduate and graduate students to meet informally with our public speakers as helen horowitz generously did earlier today. we create opportunities for them to connect with harvard faculty around subject matter but also around challenging and often taboo subjects such as how to balance life and work. we offer the prize and the schlesinger college regularly applies rich materials for student papers. we run a very successful radcliffe research partners program working with research assistants with our fellows. fostering close, mutually

beneficial and also career-shaping mentoring relationships between harvard students and distinguished scholars and working artists. and we annually support three graduate students in the final year of dissertation writing, and we welcome them into our community of fellows. so although we don't officially have students enrolled at the institute, we delight in having them around us every day, and we consider them along with our foam fellows an important part of our radcliffe alumni community. carrying on the tradition of excellence and loyalty, begun by generations of radcliffe grads, many of whom have joined us here today for this lecture. let me extend a very special welcome to our radcliffe college

alums. [ applause ] this is, after all, their history. i also want to tell them and others in the audience so you can spread the word for people who are not able to be with us today, that in the coming weeks, this event will be shared on youtube, itunes and on c-span. i want to close by sharing with you an intriguing aspect of helen's c.v. that conveys, i think, how much imagination, adventurousness and plain chutzpah she brings to work. now, she's nervous. i can see. she doesn't know what i'm going to say. helen has a category in her vita entitled "work in progress." and it has below, since her 2010 retirement. and she lists the following. number one, stolen. then she has in parentheses, a full-length play. then she indicates that she's enjoyed a semistage reading at cal tech very recently, april 14th, 2012. item two, past tense.

then in parentheses, a mystery novel. and then three, how americans came to love province, and then parentheses, nonfiction. so what that tells me is that helen has set out a whole new set of challenges for herself in her second career as a retired professor. and that if this career is anything like her first one, broadway, amazon.com, and the cout de zure better watch out. i, and i think everybody here in this audience, stand rae deand eager to learn about what is so complicated about those. 5 years at harvard. helen will give her lecture. then we should have sometime for questions. then you're all invited to a reception downstairs and a look at the exhibition that was created to go along with the lecture. so, helen, i welcome you to the podium.

>> you're a rascal. good afternoon. can you hear me? you can hear me. good. i was once privileged to hear an older friend's memories of the harvard tercentenary. a writer without a day job, he was hired by the president james conan to help plan the great 300 celebration. my friend's task was to manage the correspondence for the conference for the 300th anniversary. throughout his long life, he was a mischievous person, and he took the 300 as a special opportunity.

he created an elaborate hoax, a fictitious correspondence from an imaginary russian delegate. his invented russian worthy, wrote, that he was bringing his mistress to this august setting and not only did he want all of her expensions to be paid, he wanted her invited to all events. the threatened scandal -- remember, this was cambridge in the 1930s -- sent the president's office in a tizzy. 60 years later my friend enjoyed a laugh as he hoodwinked harvard's president by this hoax of using paper rubbed with dirt. we like the story because it relates perhaps one of the few moments during this great event of institutional self glorification when the harvard administration had to consider entertaining the presence of a woman. the conference produced a book

of its papers. authority and the individual. its preface presented the goal of the gathering. to put on one platform, and i quote, three groups of eminent men who contributed to the common understanding of the vast problems of human behavior. and men, they were. and men, they considered. google books allows the word search of the book's 371 pages. there are 75 mentions of men. 55 of man. there are two mentions of women and one of woman. the first mention of women is by wesley kerr mitchell, the great economist and husband of radcliffe graduate lucy sprague mitchell, who is the first dean of berkeley and the founder of the school. in wesley mitchell's lengthy paper he spoke about liberty's need to be tempered by

justice. quote, later revelations of the exploitation of child workers, of young persons, and also of women led to further protective legislation. in this instance, women were classed with children as needing special state protection. now, the second mention of women came in the lecture, a professor corrado genie of the university of rome. he sought to promote a broader international understanding by suggesting relativism when it came to judging other societies. when's no conflict between the authority and the individual. and he gave the example,

although outsiders may, quote, lament the condition of certain people who they regarded as crushed under the heel of authority. for example, this is frequently the attitude of women in many past and present societies. they accept the position without any sacrifice and regard themselves as completely free. so jeanie presented women as an example of a seemingly oppressed group who were not by the standards they shared with others in the culture oppressed. finally, my favorite. the sole mention of woman in the singular. robert macgyver gave her a passing spooking of the way in primitive societies, mention with society, objects, folklore and practices were viewed with meaning. the express of a fishing exhibition is much as that of a woman touching a fishing tackle, the this is an example of that taboo. the success of the conference might have been thus endangered. well, it didn't happen, except