inhabitants salt lake city was fairly antagonistic for some time throughout the civil war and especially the 10 years following that when the federal government started cracking down on polygamists. because the fort was used to detain some of those folks. so until that was over, that antagonism persisted there. was not much the mormons could do except to protest and they did that constant think throughout the period the fort was here' until statehood trying to get rid of the federal presence. about the time of statehood in 1896 that's when that starts to lessen. today utah is one of the most patriotic states in the union. at one time it was one of the most despised uniforms of the state. but following the indian wars and utah becoming a state and the decree against polygamy, it becomes more of a training base for the troops station heard and

also a training base and mobilization site for the utah national guard. today the whole issue of states rights versus federal rights, where is that boundary, we can look at the history of the fort and see those same things happening again and again. >> all weekend, american history tv is featuring salt lake city, utah which experienced major development in the steel minding -- mining and railroad industries in the early 20th century. we recently visited many sites showcasing the city's history. learn more about salt lake city,

utah all weekend here on american history tv. >> we're at the marriott library at university of utah, we'll be talking about the japanese american archives. the memorial archives consist of

still images moving images, oral histories documents dayries, et cetera that are all related to the history of japanese americans in the inner mountain west. the chinese were the first asian immigrants to come to the united states. they were basically working on the transcontinental railway and there was a huge racial discrimination against them. and that is very aapartment when you see the picture, the famous picture of the meeting of the rails, you see no chinese railroad workers in that picture. when the japanese came, they were recruited by a labor agent e.d. hashimoto and he set up an office in what is now japan town. and he was the one that made arrangements for the japanese immigrants to get jobs working on the railroad, and also to

work on farms and also to work in the mines. salt lake had a thriving japan town right in the heart of downtown because of that many families came, they started their own businesses, stores, dry goods stores, restaurants cleaners, and what not. this picture here was taken probably in the 1950's or so, of the nagazawa sunrise fish market. the family got fresh fish and their goods and sold it to not only the local japanese but there were members e of the salt lake city community that would also shop there. this photo was taken earlier. this is of the utah -- it was the first japanese newspaper in the inter mountain

area. so it was published from 1914 until 1991. and these are examples of actual issues. it originally started as a japanese language only newspaper and then later on they added an english section. >> this is the headline the day after pearl harbor. december 8, 1941. >> after the attack on pearl harbor life changed for the japanese americans who had lived here for some of them 40 even 50 years. all of a sudden they were the enemy. on february 19, 1942, executive order 9066 was signed, ordering all people of japanese ancestry and we're talking down to 1/16

if you were eve answer i tiny bit japanese you had to relocate to a camp. and these were the instructions they saw in the telephone polls and around and they were given almost proposal a little over a week to get rid of all of their possessions. first of all they had to report or they would be arrested if they did not, then they had a week to get rid of everything. we're talking quitting their jobs, selling their homes getting rid of their businesses. my grandparents owned a dry goods store, and they had to get rid of all of their inventory get rid of pets their cars. and then decide what they were going to take. the other instructions told them you have to take dishes, bedding, what not. so when you're thinking of what you could carry, there wasn't a lot more that you could carry so you had to leave a lot behind. my father's family lived in the

bay area in berkeley and the folks in berkeley were relocated first of all to tanforan, which was a race track because the camps were not ready yet, so they were living in horse stalls for about three months and then in september they moved them to topaz, it was not finished yet, in fact it wasn't finished until october. >> now this is the dusty and are are -- arid desert of topaz. >> had the families were processed, they were fingerprinted and basically given mug shots and they had to carry certificates, and their belongings were searched. this is actually this is the certificate for this man, and his family was relocated from the bay area to topaz.

their son was a filmmaker. he was able to smuggle in his camera, with the help of a friend and he took footage of the wind blowing, he took pictures of the different events. >> then i got on top of the roof to take a shot of the sea of roofs. and as you look at this picture you realize what a waste it was for the government to spend $ 300 million building tent camps like this. at $1,942. >> when the government wake through to build the camps, they completely cleared the land. site was totally bar en. they had the barracks and each one had a mess hall and then a washroom lavatory area.

everybody, no matter who they were were relocated. so we're talking professionals. we had artists we had doctors lawyers, teachers and everybody was relocated. it was very important to have a newspaper, because keep in mine there were no telephones, there were no radios, no way of communicating to everybody. so that was the only real way they could get information out to the masses. this was a series of cartoons that were published in the newspaper, some of these you can see from the back that they were actually published. but these were original pencil drawings. and to me they're very, very telling of what life was like, every day life, and this is the proud new papa doing the diapers. this one is one of my favorites because the par reaction did not have running water they had to haul the water from the latrine area, the washroom, and she's hauling the water and he's the

superman carrying the tea pot. and because the walls were so thin and because they were people that stayed up late at night, this was called a midnight mag pie, gossipping talking and he's definitely wanting some sleep. so i think with the cartoons you could get away, just like with political cartoons, can you get away with saying something without writing it out and getting in trouble. and they would have been sensorred for sure. >> you have announced -- so this is the relocation of the or leave taking of the evacuees going back to their homes. those who had homes to go back to who were the first ones who were able to leave topaz.

>> after the war ended and people were allowed to start leaving the camps, it was a big worry for the people who had no place to go, they lost their homes, and everything they owned basically. so many of them went up to slaik's japan town. they got a one-way ticket and i think it was $25. so they went up to salt lake city and many got jobs there or stayed with family members and friend there. and some of them ended up staying, because maybe they fell in love with somebody and ended up making their home there. but others did go back to california and try to start life over. in the late 1960's when they built the salt palace, they completely demolished all of the buildings that were on the two blocks that the salt palace now

stands on. so the only thing that's remaining now of the heart of japan town are the japanese church of christ and the salt lake buddhist temple. losing japan town was devastating to these families, because it wasn't only their homes, it was their livelihood. they had spend their lives building and raising their children there in the area. and many of them were too old to start new businesses. so only a few of them were able to relocate. so there was never again a concentrated japan town any more. the japanese american archives here in the special collections department at the j. willard marriott library is so important because it will document and preserve the stories of these immigrants who came from japan, sacrificing their lives, leaving their families behind, some never ever seeing