finance? if you want to subsidize housing country and we want to talk about it and the populus weees that it's something should subsidize, then put it on the balance sheet and make it andr and make it evident make everybody aware of how much it's costing. but when you deliver it through these third party enterprises, fanny mae and freddie mac, when the subsidies through a public company with private shareholders and extract a lot can of that subsidy for themselves, good way ofa very subsidizing homeownership. our conversation sundaysr interviews in at eight. now available for a father's day gift at your favorite book seller. >> now on american artifacts, part two of our visit to the in langley,m virginia.

begins inr toni hiley the directors gallery. >> this is the directors gallery. the director selects the artist who will do his portrait after he leaves office. standing here in front of the portrait of george herbert walker bush, who was director of central intelligence at a particularly difficult time in history, follow the pike and church committee hearings back in 1975. underency was investigation by congress and morale was pretty low here at time. he is the first member of congress to serve as director, over by the president to help repair those relationships between c.i.a. and congress. the oversight committees come out of this investigation as well. the senate select committee on intelligence and the house permanent select committee on intelligence. he was with us just 10 days shy year. heed like to have stayed on.

a couple things to note on his watch. he established a practice that we still use today which is analysis,petitive where the agency would generate analysis on a given subject and up another team to attack that theory. we think osama bin laden is at abadabad.und not, what explains it. another thing that took urgency was c.i.a.h briefings to the presidential candidates. it was truman who started it. didn't want his successor, president eisenhower, uninformed as he felt he was. remember truman didn't even know manhattan project. so truman establishes the c.i.a. briefings, but on his watch it takes a newer urgency.

15 years ago this month we the coming pound the george bush center for intelligence. and we've sent an artifact out to the 41 library at college theion, texas, it is original legislation signed by president clinton, renaming the after george herbert walker bush. >> when you say the compound mean?oes that >> that means 258 acres here at langley, virginia. site that has an intelligence history that goes back to the civil war, reconnaisance balloons were launched from here. it's a high plateau over the potomac and washington. twoe are the remnants of civil war camps on the property and over the years as we built those new buildings the haveruction projects turned up civil war era relics that we have in our collection. eisenhower laid the corner stone for this original haryz building on the 3rd of november, 1959. the george washington parkway of theended as part

original construction machine. and we old objects in our collection related to the corner stone laying ceremony. have the trowel that president eisenhower and alan dulles used that day to lay the mud. two years later the building is ready to occupy. remarks at the dedication of the building, alan dulles includes a bible quote. that bible quote says, ye shall know the truth and the truth have make you free. then dulles asked that that be the fabric of our building, because for mr. dulles truth and freedom are the which c.i.a.'s work is built. when we begin occupying the building, the same year the we are lynn wall went up. president reagan broke ground for the new building in 1984, tot building was ready 88.upy in '

we during the cold war different options for collection platforms were explored including those that the animal kingdom might present. so behind us is the case of our animal spies. and the largest object in the aquiline, this was a u.a.v. developed in the late meant look look like an eagle that could be folded into flocks that might fly tor a hard target area provide oblique imagery or electronic capture, any number different platforms could

potentially have been put on a piece like. this it was in about six years and no operational vehicle was field.ployed to the but certainly the lessons learned informed future u.a.v. programs. from up in the air collecting its sister thend pinl on camera, we also go below the ocean, but let talk about first.eon camera because pigeons have been around for a couple centuries. flew microfiche into paris. the pinl oninvented cam rap in the early 1980's and ward war --during world war i. there's no such thing as old forgy that's too espionage. we frequently revisit technologist. 1970's, c.i.a. needed low level imagery over a hard target area. we developed a program. we found in working with pigeons

as weare challenges, soon strapped a camera on our bird the became operational, to civilian pigeons the operational bird no longer looked the same hanging off ofa its chest. so in their little bird brains, so thefile had changed, civilian pigeons would attack the operational birds. hawk likes a tasty morsel of pinl on now and then, we had operation lost to a hawk. plus pigeons are sensitive to their environment, they don't and when it came time to ship them to the area, stressed out they mowlted. belowm up in the air to the water surface we're also collecting intelligence. catfish. robotic there are two exemplars of this, one is traveling to the american people right now. one in the cage is probably the prototype. and during vietnam era we developed what are called

seismic intruder devices and like ordinary debris that you would find along a jungle trail. at ours, onelosely seems to resemble a piece of dung, so as the trucks and troops came down the ho chi minh vibrations could be counted, sent to a listening post and then transmitted for collection. in this case we have a very unique kind of concealment. communicate need to with one another, case officer to agent, one of the most difficult sensitive dangerous that is faceo do to face. then we both risk being compromised. we will develop impersonal means of communication, like communications equipment, or dead drops. to be want our dead drops totally inoctober you with us, anyon't want them to draw kind of attention. or we want them to be

particularly disgusting so no them.ll touch in this case we might have hit the disgusting part because this and was concealment used for operations in mass okay. the only creature that will go near a moscow rat is a hungry moscow cat. well. thought of that as so as you are issued your rat drop, you're also given a bottle of tabasco sauce, so you that rat with the tabasco sauce and hopefully the cats won't bother it. these are just some of the animals that have been involved espionage. we're in the intelligence art gallery and we don't always have an object tor catapult us into that part of our history. ago we started an intelligence art collection. by the painting collections in the military services, and we're standing next to our first painting in the collection which is entitled

flight.ke's final this painting captures an placeion in 1954, the is -- called a small place. can't resupply their troops and they reach out to the united states, and the u.s. air force provides c119 flying markings have been painted out with french markings, and c.i.a. provides itspilots through proprietary airline, civil air transport. cat pilots flew 682 missions during about a two and a half period. in the spring of 1954. many of those flights flown through murderous antiaircraft fire. this painting captures a flight on the 6th ofe may, 1954, flying that day was a legendary cat pilot by the name of james mcgovern.

was wallace buford. the french kicker ran to the back of the open cargo bay to stablizer,am to the noted that the port engine had been knocked out and was this aircraft does not like to flay on one it in thet they kept air for 45 minutes until it finally crashed inside laos wreckage remained unrecovered until 2002. finally a team was allowed to go in there and recover the remains. he was buried at arlington. pieces of thefew aircraft, you could imagine after that many years there wasn't much left. two combat casualties were the first american deaths in the vietnam we call the war. two young men.f youngix is just 23, a special forces staff sergeant on

his way to vietnam in 1967 when his assignment changed and instead he's sent to work under of the lone c.i.a. paramilitary officer. is 27. jim is in charge of c.i. pacification perhaps and one of these is provincial reconnaisance unit. they are forces that the agency to help us take down the viet cong infrastructure, and drew is con to take command of that unit. 30-31the night of january, 1968, drew and jim have been picking up anomalies in activity, but most of their troops have again home to drewrate a holiday. so takes a handful of the p.r.u.'s and a couple of navy seals and border toong the itsnoiter.

same time the provincial capital was invaded. he radioed to drew, you got to get back, we're under attract. it back in. when he arrives jim says maggie of there's a friend who is an american nurse in the city. do but do these two men jump in a jeep and go off to save her. they get to her house it's occupanted by the viet cong and they get her out. fought a series of battles in the city with just a handful of of troops. they rescued another 13 civilians, captured one of the ranking viet cong captured during the war. at the end the c.i.a. recent natural supervisor said drew deserves nothing less tonight of honor, and he took it.

year later staff sergeant drew dix received the first special forces noncommissioned officer medal of honor. medon the back of this awful honor it says military assistance command vietnam combined studies division. ofs is the only c.i.a. medal honor. he received a commission to first ld, retired as a major. alaska, ownedo and operated a bush service flying in the alaskan interior. became alaska's deputy homeland security. jim finished his career in c.i.a. paramilitary operations, rear tired in 1998. the attacks on our country. jip was out in the war zone. don't get to meet men like this every day.

jim received the distinguished intelligence cross which is our highest award for valor like our medal of honor. presented.e been we're in what we call the afghan gallery, this is an exhibit on in operation enduring freedom. a role that was carried out in the days and weeks after the attacks on our country on 9/11. the c.i.a. team entered afghanistan on the 26th of september. 15 days after the attacks. one of the reasons we were able is that we quickly had a contingency plan on the this.for doing just and on the 14th of september, briefed tenant president bush on the c.i.a. presidenty and the said i want c.i.a. on the ground. the second team into afghanistan entered just weeks later on the

october. this team has a different kind of mission, a tactical mission. their job is to set up an intelligence shield across the five provinces of afghanistan, and working with partners to collect intelligence to shape the battlefield. when i interviewed the head of that second team in, he confided me that as they flew in, they were going over their mission, they knew it was to link up with a native insurge than sit, train them and run operations with them. looked at one another and said it feels like we're working for general donovan. said the more it changes the more it stays the same. so what's what gave us the idea is to positiont, photographs and objects 60 years a verying each and it's powerful lesson. gives us our legacy, and it

history.es our the model makers used hundreds of pieces of all sorts of make this model as accurate as possible. to one scale model of compound.ad it was used to brief the policy makers, to brief president obama and used by the assault team to plan their raid. two additional copies were made historical record, and this is our copy. the best feedback we could have hoped to receive. single one of the assault team returned alive, and when we debrissed them they said they felt like we'd been there before. the first helicopter landed second helicopter was to drop the team onto the villa. then a number of things happened. first of all, we have a stealth

helicopter whose flight characteristics have been modified. they are coming in. hot and heavy. they go into a hover over the villa, the rotors are turning, air is directed down into the compound, probably hits these walls. comes back up over the aircraft called setting with power, the more he tries to power out of it the faster down he'll go. american helicopters rotate is whyclockwise, which we ended up over here. everybody got off alive. entire raid lasted 39 minutes. the weapon we have displayed in this part of the gallery was third floorom the of the compound, by the assault raid.uring the we find in to be a very powerful object. media sit oz an

immediacy to it. than that, this one object represents for us here at c.i.a. the taskings of three presidents to do everything possible to bring qaeda. the president's daily briefing is the most exclusively publication in the world. and our job as agency officers is to collect intelligence that matters and get it to the policy so they can make informed decisions about our national security. this through a number of publications, we're looking at publicationlusive right now. this has an interesting history. it goes back to truman's day. truman who asked for a briefing that he could carry the him, it was called daily summary. he asked for it in 1946.

and then he wanted a weekly summary. so he did that, we always taylor force the first customers. the president decides who else briefing in the addition to him. and that changes from administrationto president kennedy wasn't happy wantede f.a. format, he a check list of the most critical national security intelligence that we had at the time. president'sd the intelligence check list, or the pickle. picl. president information was the on one briefone wtion the c.i.a. traveling with the president on classroom, in the with president bush when he received the phone call that the forcehas been hit, on air one for the next 13 hours until the president came back to briefer.was the c.i.a. in 2004 we had the intelligence

and terrorism prevention act. that piece of legislation is the first sweeping changes to the intelligence community. as a result of that, the position of director national intelligence is created and the p.d.b. staff is now moved up to the d. in i. level. they still contribute over 90% other briefing, but now members of the intelligence community also contribute to the briefing. today president obama receives his briefing on a tablet. as you can imagine, our current operations are still highly classified. so those objects that we might into the collection would be highly classified as well. in our world, tangible are not considered to be official u.s. government records. they are notrefore part of that 25 or 50-year

automatic declassification effort. if we want to try to tell the classified program through classified tangibles, then we have to make sure that are no agency equities that could be compromised by our telling that story. internal review holder.for the equity director of science and technology will have to agree that the technology can be put display. the information that we write about that must be reviewed by board.lication's review and then released by that 's review andrector release mechanism. a great deal of oversight and it's a good partnership that we have with various equity holders to make sure that we tell a accuratestory, an story in our museums all

official visits to the central intelligence agency begin and in the memorial lobby in the only headquarters building. ofs lobby contains a number commemorative pieces to our history. memorial,he o.s.s. commemorating the loss of 116o.s.s.ers at the beginning of our country's first intelligenceal agency, to this memorial which commemorates 107 of c.i.a.'s fallen, dating back to 1950 when lost our first officer. across these 107, there are from all fours direct torts, but a look at the thatof honor will show you not every star has a name next to it. oure are still 27 of colleagues who even in death

cannot be publicly acknowledged those national security equities that they worked are sensitive. every year we'll review the if the kiftsand change so we can add the name, we'll do so at the time of our memorial service. year is the 40th year anniversary of the memorial wall. representatives from every said.orate, as i the youngest is a woman, bar ba roberts, the first at the mal officer killed in the line of the youngest star at in 21, killed in vietnam 1965. there is a wide diversity of our wall.rs here on the there are three african-americans, two native americans, two asian americans and one persian american. and there are nine of our colleagues have never come home, dougding our first star, mccaron. i think it's important to note

that every new agency officer career right here in front of the memorial wall. they take the oath of office to country and this agency, standing right here with our fallen colleagues looking at them and the father of central intelligence across the way observing their joining organization. us captureallen for awful us try to live by on a daily basis, that excellence,vice, work,ity, courage, team and stewardship. behindread the stories the stars on the wall you will find examples of all of those values that all of us try to carry with us as we go through careers and as we serve our

nation. through the work that we do here central intelligence agency. >> for more information about c.i.a. museum, visit their website, cia.gov. watch american history tv's american artifacts programs online any time. this is american history tv. weekend, every weekend. >> on may 13, 1939, the trans-atlantic liner departed cuba with 938for passengers, almost all of whoom were jews fleeing the third reich. they were refused entry into refused entryer into the united states. up next, scott miller talks his book, refuge denied: the st. louis passengers and the holocaust. mr. miller details the fate of the passengers after they return to europe and he's