historic places. next a visit to 28 east 20th street in fork city, the theodore roosevelt birth place site.ic >> his legacy still impacts us today, whether it be about conservation or federal busting.n trust or foreign policy, which we it's goodte whether or bad here at the birth place. canal, his vision for america. time, was extremely progressive. affectsomething that everyone 100 or 95, to be exact, after his death. there are still tons of documentaries, books about him. andas endlessly fascinating dynamic. he's a guy who overcomes the

his wife.th of thathat's a story sometimes i think is hard. cornelius and his wife margaret, sons.ad five around the same time in 1853, two of their sons were getting their son robert and their son theodore. so what better wedding present to get your son but a house each. 26 east 20th, which you have to imagine was opposite this wall was robert roosevelt's house. 20th was theodore's. our president was the second child born here. wasad an older sister, he

around october 27, 1858 and lived here for the first 14 years of his life. in 1872 his parents decided time for the family to move. they decided to move to the country, the country was street.enue and 57th kind of hard to imagine now. they traveled in traditional fashion, they vacationed for a whileyear, where their, their new home was being built. nele and is getting all these worldly experiences, he's 14 and doles a cultural awareness how the world works. ton they return they return their brand-new mansion. so once roosevelt left this site in 1872, at the age of 14, as far as we know, he never returned to the house again. original house unfortunately went through some changes over the years. someoing to show you historical photos to help you

picture some of those changes. the first photograph dates back to around 1890's. see there was a store front facade and a set of bay windows added to the building. still the original home, and the property next-door where you see the cafe would actually be uncle robert's house right next-door. so if you identicalthe two homes side by side. and this house was owned by over the years. in 1916 the property goes up for more, bear in mine roosevelt is alive in 1916, he's bay, longoyster island, which is also a national historic site today. no interest in going home.o his boyhood because in 1916 the gentleman that purchases the property demolishes the house. and this idea of historic preservation wasn't a priority in 1916. there was no one chaining themselves to the building,

saying save t.r.'s home. in 1916 the original building is demolished and this two-story site.ut up on this notice a couple things about this photograph. you see the two-story building his on the location where house once once. you also in the the uncle's house is still standing right next-door. if we zoom in, you'll notice that the original building left the wall of the building just east of us. so when the idea of theodoreting roosevelt's achievements, when spoken about, this is after his death, he dies 1919.y 6, startly after his death in new yorkmen formed the women's roosevelt's memorial association. wrma.l it they got together and decided aosevelt was worthy of memorial of some time. so six months later the women in so theily get on board. women had knew the president most intimately are active in

this idea of preserving his memory. so we have his two sisters, alice and -- pardon me, anna and karen. well.ived here as his second wife, edith, who also spent a great deal of time here because she grew up just south of us, his daughters his niece. his niece was the most famous roosevelt woman of them all, eleanor roosevelt. they decide it would be nice to rebuild his birth place. so this is how the site looked. uncle's house next-door and this two-story building when memorializing roosevelt came b. so they purchased both properties, they commissioned a female architect, pretty amazing because in 1981 this is a have idea.ssive interestingly was a survivor of the lusitania, she using the

uncle's house, which is i den for thel, as a model museum in terms of architectural theils that really bring house to life. then they tear down uncle robert's as well as the two-story building and combine both from the ground floor. so we opened up as a public what would have been officially on what would have the door roosevelt's 65th birthday. was administered by the women until 1962 when it was same day as the home in sagamore hill as part of the national park service. walk through five historic period rooms that reflect what life was like for the door roosevelt had he lived here. 60% of the furnishings, artifacts are only to the family. unimpeded, so just be mindful, no touching, no

to stay and we're going in one room at a time. the first room we're entering is library.the roosevelt his autobiography refers to the library as a room respectability. horse hair furniture. horse hair wasn't very comfortable, for t.d., which was child.kname as a people like to refer to him as teddy roosevelt. hated beinglly referred to as teddy. he accepted it from the public politicalepted it at rallies and from the media. but as a child he was nicknamed as an adult he was referred to as the colonel. is a great photograph of him. his to the rough rider military type was equivalent to about three months. was his preferred

.ickname consumed lots of books, various interests, natural history, adventure western tales of adventure, people like davey crockett, ban yell boon, george lincoln,n, president most of the books in the family library are books the family wouldhave owned and he have had access to and read. the as you enter the room, the lit by gas lighting. from the chandelier you can see extension rose down to the lamp, which is also original to the roosevelt home, to transport the gas for reading level. doors, the dumb waiter system, the home had all the modern amenities that were thelable at this part of 19th century. the pocket doors are also a great example of the roosevelt business. as a common question we get

here, obviously the roosevelts well for pretty themselves, they are able toe sons. their money.make it pays to get on the ground floor of anything in life, the roosevelts were very fortunate, they arrive around 1646. is born inime t.d. 1858, they're well established both socially as well as financially on the island manhattan. seven-generation new yorkers, onlily in the hardware business. but they branch off and get involved in importing and exporting very fine glass. from there the grandfather cornelius van check roosevelt or c.v.s. in realt more involved estate, banking, financing. our president's dad was one of wealth i gentlemen who enjoyed spending the family it.une as opposed to making so he was not in tune with the family business. this photograph is from 14th

broadway. you have young t.d. looking out second floor window from his grandfather's home with his brother elliott at president lincoln's funeral procession. have you ever seen this photograph? it's an iconic photograph. considering the fact that both their legacy was be remembered one day alongside each other on rush more. but it a bigamies conception takenhis photograph was from this house. you can see the street is pretty wide. this is broadway, this is union in the background. president lincoln's body was laid in state for mourners to respects oh steps of city hall. in lower manhattan. they would travel by to, to thearriage next destination. but this is the procession going theh up broadway right past grandfather's home and right past the future president of the united states. door roosevelt. we're going to enter the roosevelt dining room.

dining was very formal in the family. nothing happened until father came home from work, changes comes home from work, changes into an evening suit. children are expected to dress for dinner. they would do theme nights table, could be french, one night could be can tan, so if you wanted to pass the food you had to say it in the language of the day. he spoke six languages, read in four. brought up by the dumb waiter system, which is right behind this door. so the kitchen was downstairs on the level. so that, the area that we all walked in today that was area,ered the service there would have been an informal eating area, kitchen, quarters in the rear of the home. know that family added a fifth level to the house

quarters.ts the dining room table on display is original to roosevelt's grandfather's home, the chairs date back to his sister's side of the family, and it's all about the dynamic of the family here.s who lived you had the four children, you his mom,arents, and interesting fact about his is that she wasn't a new yorker. she was a southern bell from roswell, georgia. 17 years old, marries the door roosevelt sr. and moves up to new york city. but you can imagine the social adjustments that come with so young moving up to new york. when the civil war roosevelt's senior, her husband, like many men was drafted and called upon to go fight. legally what you can do if you were wealthy is hire somebody to take your place in the war. this was referred to as hiring a substitute and that's the road his father chose to take. minnie had brothers who were

the confederacy. her sister lived here as well as mom. so it wasn't just one southern southernwas three ladies living under the roof of an abolitionist and a lincoln republican. the perfect combination for some family drama. unlike the library, which was the equivalent of today's family room where the children spend parlor their time, the was generally off limits to the roosevelt children, reserved for occasions.formal one occasion was in 1868 when the charter that established the natural museum of history in new york was signed in this room by his father. to associateend president the door radios let with the museum of natural history. reason, there's a big statue outside, that is the official new york state memorial to president roosevelt. walk inside this rotunda, a mural, there's a memorial gallery below. but when the museum opened up he

only 10 years old. his father was also involved in the metropolitan museum of art. he helped raise money that built the statue of liberty. organizees the children's aid the orthopedic hospital, vent goes onto establish the brooklyn bridge. support behind bringing cleopatra's needle over. so much much cultural new york his father had a role to play. important to remember, if you were born to a wealthy after family, the idea of charity or philanthropy, of wasng back to the public, encouraged. the idea of working for the public, and i mean working for the public in the political becoming a politician, really was seen beneither your station in life. the doorodd that roosevelt at the young age of 23 is elected to the new york state assembly. on, early on he took onto the fact that it was more

member theo be a governing class than the upper class. to be involved in the group of laws,at got to pass implement change, make decisions that really affect people's life. at 42 he serves in the white house as the youngest president states and the only president born in new york city. most the furniture you see on parlor is the original to the family with the exception of the piano and cure piece. -- urio piece. we're going to step right out here, make our way to the front entrance. we're going to make our way to to visit theoor bedrooms. keep in mind, there are two more levels to the house. as visitors go today. but directly above us there are conferences and a room. the level above that is a large auditorium. are now, there we nursery and the master bedroom. if you look out the window, you

the beautiful view we have. you'll see you've got to the 20-story building wasn't back there, neither was the fire escape. this second floor porch area, that was a home gym that to father had built for him help roosevelt overcome his asthma. most people don't realize, they of the bow chested robust man, they don't think of the wimpy kidail, even who had to overcome a severe illness at an early age. doctors recommended various remedies to cure asthma, they would tell his father, let him drink hot black coffee. remedies, let him inhale cigar smoke. himself,ook it upon you have the mind, but the mine is limited out the body. and challenging young t.d. to build his body. so that kidsformation from sickly to bow-chested, athletic robust guy starts right here.

the nursery, out on that area. porch this is roosevelt preparing for crew meet at this is probably more iconic photographs of the door roosevelt as a ranch later in life. his father really helped roosevelt overcome his illness. his education was effected because his asthma. he was home schooled. his mom's sister, anna, who was staying in the house, there's a portrait of the fireplace. she served the roafl the nanny, she was the family story teller. roosevelt at a very young age grew up with tales of knowing ancestry.hern they were hunters, politicianings, so they were active. so roosevelt due to his interest, some say would be much

more a bulllock than a roosevelt traditional sense. the children are privately t.r.'s first formal education was harvard university. would have to think socially that would come with some adjustments. all theery was used by children while they were younger. they would eventually upgrade to own bedrooms. thelso have some turn of century exercise equipment, a indiane ball and set of clubs. you've got to imagine it would sorts of gymnastic equipment, to help him build up body. we have an al cove that connects us to the master bedroom, which can feel free to walk through. this is the room roosevelt was born in.

furniture is custom made, for the price tag of $3,000 in 1865. then was a tremendous amount of money. satin wood with rose wood trim. beautiful portrait of the directly above the fireplace. i mentioned minnie being a oldhern bell, 17 years moving to new york city, came with some adjustments. civil war breaks out, her upon to gocalled fight. and in took a toll on young t.d., roosevelt the one thing that lingered with him throughout his ascension to the was this idea that his father hired a substitute. so when the opportunity erase theitself to stain that he left on the family and presented itself in 1898 on the outbreak of the spanish mesh war, the door roosevelt served as assistant secretary of the navy, he jumps at the chance, he resigns in his nice desk job as navytant secretary of the to go lead the charge of on san

rough ridersh the during the spanish american war and ultimately emerges as a big hero, and here is probably the famous photograph of him kettles men on top of hill. coming back from cuba he's very popular, he's elected governor of new york, he's governor of state before he starts enforcing a lot antitrust legislation. which caused a lot of enemies within the republican party. gather republicans to together to oust him out of state and local politics. so they thought a fitting belows to thee to promote him vice president of the united states. roosevelt was reluctant to accept the nomination. that thethe remark only thing he was guaranteed from becoming vice presidents ath ahistory professor job some college. it works out well for him, not president mckinley, who was assassinated six months at 42is second term, and

years old the door roosevelt to the president, he's he elected until 1904 when rubs on his own toarms, which in his mind was a political relief. being that he wasn't elected first time around but was the william mckinley. mound rush more. 230 acres of lab for public use. nationalt start the park service, which is a bigamies conception. because he was sort of the of the park service, by declaring that many sites, wildlifemonuments and refounds. but he had the vision. and the ironic twist, he's a city kid with a vision of conservation. same manner the that he's a rich kid but is buster.d the trust he's responsible for building also the navy and is

first to be awarded the nobel peace prize. bycauses controversy inviting booker t. washington to the white house much first time an african-american had dinner the unitedesident of states. he passes the meat inspection act. act.food and drug very progressive and ultimately had detractors but was overall loved by the american in 1905 andly winds makes a public statement that he will not run for president in 1908. so he steps down, throws his support behind william howard taft. unfortunately their relationship sort of frayed from the start and he ended up, roosevelt ended against taft in 1912. splitting the republican ticket and making history, because the time an american presidential election an independent has come in second beats out the socialist candidate, he beats taft.

tavment, some joked that taft stood for take advice from theodore. you saw the shirt he was onring, and the speech was display in the lower gallery and amazingly the bullet pierces the hits his speech, lodged into his chest and roosevelt is very well we'd. said he could read two books a day, he had a traffic memory. he -- a photographic memory. was familiar with the human experiencedwas an hunter. he coughs, realizes he's not coughing up any blood, and also realized the importance of this. public relations moment to go out and address the he goes outbelieve to speak for 90 minutes and said a tikes a lot more than bullet to stop a bull moose. he never has the bullet removed

going to share with you the "new york times" headline from the day after the assassination attempt. in milwaukee shoots colonel roosevelt, ignores wound, speaks an hour, goes to hospital. after thisimagine political loss, he looks at the opportunity for the next adventure. last chanceas his to feel like a boy and that was exploring the amazon down in with his son kermit, an uncharted portion of the amazon, probably at 57 years old wasn't his best decision. he ends up getting very sick on contracting malaria, his fever spikes to 103, 104 degrees. son really saved his life. he never fully recovers the last few years of his life he's pretty sickly, in and out of hospitals much he does do some editing.nd he does attempt to raise another war i which world he respectfully declined, but

are involved in ward wore i and later on world war ii. unfortunately he loses his junkest son -- son over germany. brokeny he died of a heart, he died shortly after quentin. thank you for spending the afternoon with the national park service. i hope you enjoyed it. you have any questions, let me know. like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. thank you very much. >> next, reflections from three veterans of the 1964 mississippi project. an african-american voter registration effort, coordinated southern civil rights organizations. more than 1,000 volunteers, many

of them college students from country, went to mississippi to participate in the project. also known as freedom summer. they faced threats and abuse from state and local authorities and the ku klux klan. of the violence ended in the murders of three volunteers. cheney, andrew goodman and ofhael shwerner in june 1964. rita bender is now a seattle professor, she participated in this event and is joined by civil rights and brown university professor. the 2014e at organization of american historians annual meeting in atlanta. this is about 90 minutes. the freedom summer. this is an hour and a half. >> thank you all for being here. my name is jim campbell. i teach history at stanford