to tell that story and to lift every voice and to sing. >> on c-span3's american history tv this fourth of july weekend the 200th anniversary of the star-spangled banner. saturday at 8:00 visit the college classroom of joel howel as he talks about u.s. government human radiation experiments conducted through the cold war and southbound at 8:00 p.m. eastern, jefrry engles' manuscript on george h.w. bush and the peaceful end of the cold war.eastern, jefrry manuscript on george h.w. bush and the peaceful end of the cold war.p.m. eastern, jefrry engles manuscript on george h.w. bush and the peaceful end of the cold war. >> on american artifacts, a visit to historical society ney baltimore to see old glory reflected in maryland 1812. among those on display is the manuscript of francis scott keyes', the star-spangled banner. >> the war of 1812 is a very important subject for the maryland historical society.

when it was created in 1844 the defenders of baltimore as they called themselveses, the old defenders were very interested in remembering what had happened and letting the country know that this was probably an important event that they felt actually saved the the union in 1814. we were very rich in resources to tell that story from 1812 to 1815. the gallery has hundreds of objects and documents and what we basically tell is a story of baltimore as sort of the epicenter of this story for the state of maryland, a growing, bustling port of 50,000 people and a lot of immigrants who didn't like the british very much and then it goes on to the reasons why the war happened and the command central area of everything in those days where the taverns and the newspapers were being developed and this was a big newspaper town, too, and then it goes on to the actual war itself and the maritime experiences and the the attack of the british in 1814

when they actually burned the capital and the the white house and goes on to the story of baltimore saving the nation and their feeling and then there is a section about the veterans, as well and all of the things that they did as representatives of war heroes from early america. >> i'm alexandra deutsch. i'm keefe curator of the maryland historical society. this exhibit started much smaller than it ended up being and one of the things that we realized is that the federal period when baltimore was just beginning to flourish as a city is not a time period that a lot of people are familiar with. so we added a whole section of the exhibit just to orient people to first of all, what did baltimore look like around 1812, and what was the history just before that and why was it so important. so baltimore in the 1750s was just a village.

it was just a cluster of houses and taverns and more taverns almost than houses, but it was not a booming city. the time period that we're talking about in this exhibit baltimore had grown to be the third most populated city in the united states. as a result of that, the landscape of baltimore was changing rapidly and in the paintings of francis guy, we begin to see these wonderful grand houses that are being built both in town and outside of town by merchants who are making tremendous fortunes in trade and this it really brings us to one of the core issues of the war of 1812 which was the conflict about trade with britain and the perpetual disrespect the americans felt by the british at sea. and so it's very important to see the homes and this environment that in large part was a reflection of the wealth that was growing in baltimore

and the surrounding areas. so now we'll step into the other part of the story that's very important to us as sort of a preamble to this history of the war of 1812 will and that is that baltimore had a thriving maritime industry. we were one of the centers and probably one of the most important centers from the early 18th century into the 19th century for building remarkable ships that are often called baltimore clippers that can achieve incredible speed. we are very fortunate to have these artifacts that were used and many of them, the shape of them hasn't really each changed today, things like the tools used for making sails, for caulking the sides of a ship. all these things have stayed remarkably the same and because of this thriving economic environment that was growing in the early 19th century in

baltimore, you had immigrants coming here because there were opportunities in baltimore that they couldn't find in more established cities like new york and boston where the structure of the families who were dominating the economic world of those cities were more fixed and baltimore was a place of opportunity. here we have a painting of the dispoe family, mr. dispoe and his son. they had come to baltimore via santo domingo and they had brought with them their knowledge of shipbuilding and they went on to establish one of the most important shipbuilding companies in baltimore that endured for three generations and these are the kind of immigrants that are coming in to this city at this time and they have a tremendous economic stake in trade and everything associated with trade and so when the conflict arises and

were presented with going back to war with england it becomes much more understandable why after such a short time of having just been at war and just achieved nationhood, we would then take the risk to go back to war with england. >> we'll just look at one other immigrant story this is william paterson, the father of the famous elizabeth paterson bonaparte who. >> he made his way to the colonies with nothing. he began smuggling black powder in the caribbean during the american revolution and made what's estimated by him to have been about $100,000 and he began to think where can someone with no family and a lot of money can make a fortune? and he comes to baltimore.

the painting is of him as a young man in the very beginning of his tremendous success and when he dies in 1835 he's one of the wealthiest men in the united states, but baltimore gave him that opportunity. so for someone like william paterson whose wealth and future wealth was entirely dependent on him being able to trade freely and successfully on the seas he certainly had a vested interest in us going to war. so now we're walking into a section of the exhibit where we look at those early days of the war and on this side of the exhibit we look at everyday life. so one of the things that is very different in some ways about this war as compared to the american revolution is that people are receiving their news even more briskly through more newspapers and people have a choice of what newspapers they

can read, and we're very, very lucky to have images of two of the men who for people in maryland were guiding them about what they learned about the war in the papers and the first man is ezekiel niles and he started a newspaper called "the niles register" and here he is. he reported both sides of the story and this was something very innovative and very new for readers to be given balanced reports and this was not the highest priority in earlier newspapers and this was something that niles register was known for and you as a local citizen particularly in baltimore would have had some axe wearness of the violations that were being committed by the british against american ships and american sailors. the other publisher is william peacham and the american commercial daily advertiser was

his newspaper. he published things strongly in opposition to the british. this was a paper that if he picked it up he was getting very harsh commentary on the abuses, particularly at sea and just the general abuse at the hands of the british and their lack of acknowledgement for us as a new nation. so you as someone living in baltimore during this time period you had a choice of where you got your news and maybe you got it both places and even if you weren't literate there were other places where you could get your news and certainly there would be someone in the taverns at all times, probably, talking and debating politics. the the tavern was the epicenter of information about all kinds of things and not just what's going on in your city, but what's going on on the national scale and so if you weren't literate there were other ways to get your information and often you might hear about what was coming in with the news of the ships that were coming into the harbor of baltimore.

so you can be very well informed during this period about the issues. so we'll step over here. we're going cross an area with a map of the world because baltimore really was a city with a long arm to the world because through trade baltimore reached out in every direction at sea. so we cross that map and now we get to this period where things begin to truly heat up and the necessity of going to war becomes greater and greater with each passing month, and one of the major issues for america was the impressment of american sailors at sea and what this meant is you would be on an american vessel and you would have your papers documenting you as a citizen of the united states and you would be boarded by a british vessel and they would disregard your papers entirely, say they were not valid and impress you into

servicing the british navy which is a fate that very few people would have embraced. there are certain artifacts in the exhibit that i think are so compelling and one of them is this desk set that belonged to william pinkney of annapolis who served in the madison white house. this descendant and his family was used to sign the declaration of war in 1812. it's a beautiful artifact, and it's a single artifact to see it married with his portrait and to realize how symbolic this is as a jest thaur we as a nation were willing to make to be willing to confront england yet again. i think there's so much power in this artifact to tell a story of that bold step we made in 1812. and baltimore, with this economic climate we talked about, so many people with so much at stake in trade in the

economy of this period felt we absolutely should go to war and other people certainly felt we shouldn't and it resulted in an enormous amount of tension. so the first riot in baltimore that gets national attention and earns us the name montown is actually a riot that is provoked by the war of 1812. incredible violence ensues p, a one of the men killed in the riot was a man named james ringlan, a father of the american revolution. here is a patriot, a man who has served this nation in the revolution and the mob cuts him down, and so his death receives national attention and his funeral draws over 3,000 people in washington, d.c., there are poems written about him in commemorations in the newspaper and so the world looks upon us and this riot with outrage and

that is actually how we came to be called mobtown and most people assume it's a name given to the city because of much later event, but it was because of the war of 1812. baltimore and the tensions surrounding the beginning of the war and now we go to sea and what is going on on the seas at the beginning of the war in 1812. europe is still very much in thethrows of events that napoleon brought to fruition and the the british have had their attention elsewhere, but as we come to the end of 1812 and the beginning of 1813, the british can now turn their attention to the problem spots in america, and so they head to maryland and they begin making sporadic raids along maryland's coastline and

one of those was in grace, maryland and this was where the british came in and they blind sided the residents and this was propaganda about the brutality of the british, but in this raid one man came to be celebrated and he was a resident of havard grace and we were lucky enough to have this sword presented to him. john o'neal was a resident of havard grace and he was being captured by the british trying to defend his city and his nd h daughter matilda came and was pleading for the british officers for the safe release of her father and it's the two of them who to this day are immortalized in havard grace during that raid by the british which was quite brutal and this was a british tactic. it was to erode the residents of maryland, to make them feel insecure, to make them feel vulnerable and so it was more an

attack on them psychologically than it was on them physically because no one was killed, but what the british knew is that if they created a sense of vulnerability in the americans that was half the battle of them succeeding in the war. and now if we just step over to hear a little bit about one of the heroes of the war of 1812. that is a man named joshua barney. joshua barney was in the american revolution. he spent his life at sea and after the american revolution he felt he had not gotten the recognition that he should have gotten for his contribution to the war effort and so he went over to france and he served in the french navy to great esteem and was given giftses by napoleon and when tensions began to grow in america he decided to come back. america this time has what could at best be described as a

fledgling navy we had very little means to defend ourselves at sea against the british and joshua barney came up with a wonderful idea. if you created what he called his mosquito fleet of little barges they would essentially become pests to the british. these flotillas could be assembled and used to block entrance and they could be a nuisance to the british. he is, in fact, very successful in his efforts with the flotilla and we have relics of joshua barney at the museum. not only do we have his portrait which was commissioned by baltimore after the war, but we also have a piece of his flotilla brought up from sea. we have his belt. we have a box given to him by napoleon and in addition to the artifacts the family has been able to share with us diaries

and documents that show every promise of in many ways broadening the the story and in fact, even re-writing some aspects of joshua barney's story because of these incredible letters and records he kept during the war of 1812. so we are very excited to have that come into the the exhibit. and now we're going to step into a section of the exhibit where we go back to land, and it is during that summer of 1814 that the british begin to aggressively attack american forces and american forces in many ways are not prepared for what they're going to be greeted with and the battle we often hear about is the battle at williamsburg. it came to be known as the williamsburg races because when the local militias met up with the british, many men just ran. they simply were not prepared for what they were going to face and this was a great defeat and a great embarrassment, but it

also served to be the catalyst that would make us never suffer that humiliation again on land. so it was a very important, really pivotal moment in -- particularly for baltimore looking at how we needed to be prepared in case the british came our way. the other event that certainly, in terms of psychological warfare was the most devastating to americans was the burning of the white house. the white house had just been redone, the interiors had just been furnished and here a symbol of our nation is burned. one thing that i like to do in exhibits is always bring costume into exhibits because i think it humanizes the story and here we have the kind of gown that dolly madison would have worn in the white house and it is with the burning of the white house that we realize the seriousness, the gravity of the conflict and particularly in baltimore. you had people leaving the city

in absolute panic and looking for other places to escape to. many people went as far as philadelphia or if they had family, anywhere else just to get away from baltimore because they knew that bad things were going to come and it wasn't just the big battles, but it was knowing that the white house had burned, knowing that the british had landed in havard grace and knowing what happened and people became truly terrified of what lay ahead. one of the gentlemen who we consider a defender of baltimore is a man named john stricker, and general stricker took charge of preparing the city for the battles that were going to occur. we like to say that we are the home of the rock stars of the war of 1812 and joshua barden being one of them, john stricker being another and we'll have a few more before the end of the exhibit. these were seasoned soldiers. these men knew how to organize people, organize troops,

galvanize a war effort. another one of our rock stars is samuel smith. he, like stricker, played a crucial role in understanding and surmising what the british might do and how important it would be for them to seize baltimore. the portraits and we've been looking at the portrait of barney and stricker were commissioned immediately after the victory at fort mchenry in 1814 and they were commissioned by the city because even then they were considered the rock stars of baltimore so we're lucky to be the home to those rock stars. and now we're going to step into the section where the big event happens and the bombardment at fort mchenry which is the epic story and the story of "the star-spangled banner" we all sing commemorates and the

centerpiece of all of this, of course, the francis scott key manuscript which we are fortunate enough to be the home of. this is francis scott key's original draft of the star-spangled banner. it is truly a treasure upon. i've been here at the historical center for in one capacity or another for 25 years. >> it's open for ten minutes at the top of the hour, 11:00 to 3:00. so it's less than an hour's worth of light a day. it's suspended in argan and argan being an inert gas. there's less chance of oxidation and that is recommended best practices these days for taking care of these documents. what key did when he witnessed the battle for baltimore and he witnessed the flag, by the dawn's early light and the sun started to come up and he was so inspired and grateful that baltimore held the fort and he

started to make notes on a piece of paper and when he was able to get off the ship we think it was the indian queen hotel and drafted this song, and he had no idea when he wrote it that it would become such an important national symbol. there are four total verses. the first verse of the document, of course, is the one that we all know. it is very important, but if you look at the first verse very carefully there are question marks at the ends of those lines in the first verse. so key is standing there on the deck of that ship and he is looking and is it still there? that's the question. is it still there? but when we sing it today, we don't sing it like it's a question, we sing it like it's a done deal where in the second verse, clearly he sees it and there it is and then that to me is the more important verse than the first one. you know, that one, i think, because that's the one like the title of this exhibit in full

floory reflected, that line is in the second verse. we try to explain that when we are talking about the document with people who do come in to take a look at it. there is a commitment that comes with this and what we understand very clearly is that this doesn't belong to us. it belongs to the american people and our job is to make sure it gets from one generation to the next generation and then also to interpret these objects and these documents and these stories so that other people will come in and become engaged and excited and just perpetuate the care of all this history. the victory of fort mchenry filled us as a nation with such tremendous triumph. to us it's perceived as the ultimate victory against the british. certainly it's a victory that many people never thought would come to fruition and so as we move through to the end of the exhibit we look at all of the

commemorations. our city and citizens were gathering funds to create a monument to the war of 1812. we are also the home for lady baltimore who once sat atop that monument and it took more than two decades to have that monument completed and now lady baltimore who once presided over the city is at the historical society in perpetuity for safekeeping for so many decades. that was the center of baltimore and every ballot morean knew of the victory because it was commemorated by that monument. we at the historical society, and the treasures of some of the prominent families in maryland's history. we are standing in front of a case of artifacts associated with mendes cohen. he was a member of one of the most philanthropic families in

baltimore. he fought in the war of 1812. he went on to commemorate the war of 1812 throughout his life and also lived a very, very rich life after the war and what this section looks at is life after the war and how much this event and the defense of fort mchenry shaped the psyche of baltimore for decades after the victory. and as we move to the back and to the end of the exhibit we look at how important the commemoration of the war of 1812 has been in maryland's history and here we're standing in front of a collection of ephemera of the 20th century and on the centennial, the celebrations just rang out through this city in a way, i think that they're hoping to match or if not outdo

this coming fall. enormous amount of commemorative material was collected and we are very lucky to be able to display a portion of that here. so walking through this exhibit you've taken a journey of 200 years all of the way from 1812 up to 2012 and now in 2014 we're about to embark on a whole new round of celebration for this incredible moment that really brought us to our nationhood. >> all of us kind of struggle with the fact that our ancestors are way back there and they're not real people. i want everybody to realize that these were real people with real issues. so these are all personal stories and big stories that are very relevant today. you know, the whole idea of federalism and whether state and what kind of power states have versus the central government and how strong a military we have to have, all of these kinds

of things are relevant today and they also show you that people who lived several generations ago are just like us, just in a different place, in a different time. >> for more information about the war of 1812 and the maryland historical society, visit their website mdhs.org. you can watch american history tv's american artifacts online any time. go to c-span.org/history. this is american history tv all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. so i tell the story about how i, whose every aspect of whose identity is in one way or another a threat to israel. my gender is male, my religion is muslim. my citizenship is american and my nationality is iranian. my ethnicity is persian, my

culture is middle eastern, everything about me is -- sends off all the warning signals for israel and so the experience of an iranian-american single man trying to get through ben guri airport in the 20th century is a reminder to everyone that despite the way globalization has brought us closer and has diminished the boundaries that separate us as nations and as ethnicities and people as cultures, despite all of that, all you've got to do is spend a few minutes trying to get through bengurian airport to remember that those divisions, those things that separate us are still very much alive. >> best-selling author and professor reza asian will take your tweets on the war on terror and the current instability in the middle east live for three hours sunday at noon eastern on

book tv's "in depth" part of a weekend of book tv and authors. book tv for serious readers. our endowment is the largest amount and it is pretty healthy and just shy of 600 million and to put that in perspective, vanderbilt is in our peer group at 6 billion, and harvard which represents, you know, the pinnacle of the nation's endowment is at 34 billion and they have a $6 billion campaign just to put it in perspective and if we're going to aspire to have that type of excellence, those types of facilities to produce that type of excellence in our campus and we have to have that type of investment and so it's my responsibility now that will be the 17th president's responsibility when he or she is named to go out and

to ensure that we expand those revenue streams. >> dr. wayne frederick on the challenges facing the predominantly black university sunday night at 8:00 eastern and pacific on c-span's q & a. >> the dwight d. eisenhower presidential library and museum hosted multiple events to mark the 0th anniversary of the june 6th d-day invasion of nazi-be onning payed france. coming up next, timothy rives talks about the night isenhour decided to invade the coast of normandy, who was there? what time was it? mr. rives answers that this question is very hard to answer. this program is 30 minutes. >> thank you, carl. i want to talk with you this morning about an elusive d-day mystery that persists despite the millions of words written about the allied invasion about