american history tv is featuring des moines, iowa. learn more about des moines. you were watching american history tv, >> each week, american history tv sits in on a lecture with one of the nation's college professors. you can watch the lecture every saturday evening at 8:00 p.m. and midnight eastern. next, monmouth college history professor stacy cordery and her students discuss the ideals and goals that drove feminists and the women's liberation movement in the late 1960's and early 1970's. the class examines several essays published by feminist writers at that time to explore underpinningsal of the movement. monmouth college is in illinois. this class is about an hour. >> how are we doing? good?

ok, awesome. all right, we are looking this week at the origins of the growth of the women liberation's movement in this primary freshman course. something about the identification they made with the problem's of society and their solutions for them. just to recap -- we began this of the 1950's. we had to know where we were starting so we could know where we were going. we spent some time investigating the african-american civil rights movement. the 1960 election of president kennedy and president johnson, a fairer amount about vietnam from the ,iew of the soldiers, protest other groups. we included the conclusion of the vietnam conflict. an emphasis on

participatory democracy -- that is, people had to be involved in decisions that shape their lives, in this involve the rejection of hierarchy and top-down decision-making. we paid attention to the development of the new left, dedicated to ending documenteast -- the from wednesday from 1965. we discussed how that documents grew out of the frustration the author felt about the treatment of female workers along with male workers. does anyone remember how they put it? the men worked all day long. the women worked all day long. at the end of the day, that was when you get to talk. the women worked all day alongside the men, and then at the end of the day, what happened? >> the men relaxed?

>> he men relaxed and the women had to continue to work as the cooks and they cleaned and the women said, that does not seem very fair to us. we looked in the authorst how said that women should mobilize. they should see the world through their own eyes, not through the eyes of the men who dominated them and dictated to them and made the societal norms under which they were forced to live. in that document, king and hayden questions institutions like marriage, child rearing patterns, divorce laws, and they suggested that all of this be given a re-think. -- we looked at the sex part of the sex, drugs, and rock 'n roll 1960's revolution. voting rights, the escalation of

vietnam. operation rolling thunder. then the public began to see more and more resistance to the war effort. part of the context of your documents for today. as energy was devoted to the notwar effort, sds was interested in debating the kind we read. you remember that men laughed at the memo, but that was the tip of the iceberg of the response of these men, who were lovers, brothers in arms, so the sense of unhappiness, but trail, sadness and sorrow, the invisibility these women felt made them feel taken advantage of and other things we will discuss in a few minutes. they discovered that they were not alone when they got together to discuss their feelings. in the lack of power, authority, was endemic through other

aspects of the new left and beyond. so, we looks at the 1966 from the of purpose national organization of women. we looked at this as a call to action for equal access to jobs, education, and politics. these women were slightly older. the encouragement of opportunity and responsibility in society. so, that called for a re-examination of marriage. they brought up these stereotypical treatment of women in the media. then again, from the anger and sorrow and frustration and the awful sense of betrayal from these men, there was a very what was called the women's liberation movement, the modern feminist movement. it went through different names. isough 1967, 1968, this

going to snowball. we looked at the protests of the miss america pageant in 1968. we had some fun with their 10 points about that. so, now what we're going to do is move from that document, that highlighted the stereotypes under which women in the 1960's labored to robin morgan, goodbye to all that. and i want to start by asking you, if you can begin by telling me where you see actual evidence of the hurts and betrayal i was just talking about. if we could turn to robin morgan's "goodbye to all that." let's see if you can tell us where the hurt and betrayal is.ms. dunn? >> [indiscernible] she says goodbye to the weathervane.

the first thing i wrote was "weathervane?" they talked about how the women had to go through sexual relations with each member. and then they talked about charles manson. she directly referenced sharon tate, who was murdered by the manson clan. i thought it was interesting -- to marynt from jo, and mary jo was the woman who was killed in the car accident as a passenger with ted kennedy. she did not really get justice, things like that. i thought it was interesting she went to the weathervane and drew a direct election to popular culture and things that were in the news at that time. >> that was awesome. thank you. great. wonderful. nothing like starting with the weatherman to get peoples's attention. starting far outside.

good. who else has evidence of the trail?d the mr. downie? >> [indiscernible] the specific one i picked out was -- [indiscernible] by real nice guys well no one -- sort of defining himself as helping women, but really putting more pressure on them. >> yeah, it is the guys we know and love, right? that is what she starts her document with, exactly. the liberal co-opting of masked on the face of sexist hate and fear, worn by real nice guys we know andwent like -- like. in that sense of betrayal is the sense these are men she has known better than anyone else. thee are the men who are

source of this sexism that is so onerous and terrible. good. anybody else? >> page 198 in the last paragraph -- the amulet of madness. it is an object -- [indiscernible] an amulet of madness would be protecting them from becoming insane. they just want to snap and rip off the protection of the insanity i ripping off the do you allgreat. know what she's talking about? the amulet of madness. protection against madness. but you know, madness is a term that gets applied to women, does it not? crazy, insane. or they go crazy once a month, right? this is part of it. you can get a sense that the sexism under which these women are laboring, it is making them

crazy in that way, tol, right? good. anybody else see evidence of betrayal or anger in this document? starts -- when she starts all of her goodbyes. the very first one, i thought it stood out to me when it says, the trouble with you as you are an aggressive woman. i can only imagine someone saying that now. everyone'st gets skin crawling. .> that is great your sense of "you are an aggressive woman" is an example of the -- more the stereotype, more the madness, more i am saying what i think and you are disciplining me as an aggressive woman. >> [indiscernible]

>> ok. i understand. thanks. anybody else? another thing that struck me about this document -- it says in the dark we are all the same, and you better believe it, we are all in the dark, baby. if you think about it, she is referencing sex and how you turn out the lights, and it does not matter what the woman is like because they are all the same in the dark, i guess. but when she says, you better she is talking about their troubles and their problems and how they need to come into the light and be recognized by the rest of the population. >> ok, good. i will take that. good reading. does anybody know what "goodbye to all that" means? to go down to the bottom?

this is 1960's speak. anybody know? >> in the sense that all of these movements are still controlled by men, so we have to get rid of all of these institutions that are run by men, regardless of what they proclaim to be fighting for. they are still oppressing women. that. so goodbye to all can we look together on page two. ms. casey, what is the first one? >> [indiscernible] >> goodbye to the male-dominated we womenement, which are all apart of. ok, what is the second one? ,> goodbye to the straight male-dominated left. tempe what does that mean? >> they are celebrating women, but in a way they do not want to be celebrated. >> oh, good. these are goodhearted men we

know well who we think are on our side, and maybe they think that they are ok. they are the sympathetic men we the 1958 missat america contest, right? good. let's see. who else? what is number three? >> could buy to the weathervane. >> and that is where you started. -a-i-n, she is spelling it. anyone remember --it sets women apart from women? ok. did any of you notice anything about women's involvements with other women as comrades in arms that inyone understand this document?

>> a lot of sister-brother talk. >> sister-brother talk. ok. i think this goes back to part of what ms. johnson whited out, how we are in the dark -- pointed out, how we are in the dark, all the same. it does not matter what she looks like. in the dark, it is a woman, it is a body. all theark, we are same. we all share the same pain. goodbye to all that. that sets women apart from other women. what would she be talking about? what sets other women apart from other women that we have seen in the movement before? anybody know? >> [indiscernible] >> say again? >> [indiscernible] it depends on how men identify women? >> how does that set women apart from other women, or against other women?

different viewpoints. >> ok, i see where you're going. the old-fashioned point of view -- >> the old-fashioned way to view. >> the traditionalist versus more contemporary thought. ok. >> you have the traditional do whate who chooses to her husband tells her to do, and you have women who have decided they want to be heard and they are not going to live a traditional life. so, you're putting women against women in that sense. >> ok, very good. .e see echoes of this today what is a woman supposed to do when she has small children? she is opposed to stay home. no, she should put them in daycare. no, she should stay home with them. no, she should put them in daycare. aren't there other ways that women are opposed to women though?

ok, go. >> i think about women who are silent -- it was one of the first documents we talked about in the beginning. >> women who are silent and women who speak up? yes. >> ok. i am thinking of a really obvious one. >> on the first page, fourth paragraph in the middle, she says with or you are white, black, brown, race, income, class, differences in women. let's put this aside. >> excellent. we have seen african american women and white women in trouble in the movement before. i'm just thinking, what sets women against women. you got the obvious -- >> [indiscernible] otherg women against each based on physical appearance. >> oh, my gosh. we're thinking of a whole bunch of ideas.

that is a good one. thank you. >> [indiscernible] sent but thank you! how about women competing for men, right? i really like all of the other competitions you all caps do you have another one? >> there are are women who crumble and submit to that well. >> ok, good. goodbye to all that. this sets women apart from other women. at the bottom of the paragraph, goodbye to the illusion of strength when you run hand in hand with your oppressor. what does that mean? that one may not be so easy to get. the illusion of strength when you run hand in hand with your oppressors. >> we talked about before how in this document she mentions there are those men out there that are liberating women, but in reality they are oppressing them. it is those men who are siding

with the women, but in reality some of those men realize they are not really helping them at all. >> could be. yes. institutionsabout and how it is not men you oppress women, but institutions run by men. i think with women participating in these institutions, they're kind of going with what they are they, and it was also think the man is going to stand up for them, but in reality, he is the one who puts her down. >> ok, that could be. that is simpler. i think this is a simple thing. would you like to try it? >> you think you have strength because he is keeping her close, but she is following what he wants her to do. >> may be. >> that is were you get the heength, being together, but

is putting you in his control. >> ok, i think you're close. some boat -- >> that is the only reason you're strong. you are with that man. >> with them in what way? >> always. >> what relationship with? talking aboutre the strength you get because you are with a particular person of status. did your high school operate this way? whoever dated -- i don't know, the captain of the football team, didn't she have status because she was dating him? yes, sort of, yes, maybe? i think this is what we're talking about. you are running hand and hand with your oppressor. women of this era complained about the fact that the only way they had authority or power or status was because they were the

one connected to the leader of the group. your status is derived from your oppressor. to writergen is going a great book in a couple years called right-wing women, and this is going to be part of what she talks about -- andrea dworkin. to the hypocritical double standard, at the bottom of 196. have something that stands out, that summarizes it all for you? jake? entire tone is frustrated. she is done with all of the oppression. >> she is done with all that. goodbye to all that. that stoodhe parts out to me, when 97, sexism is not the fault of women, and it goes on, kill your fathers, not your mother's. wash just like to me

surprising. >> kill your fathers, not your mothers. it is surprising why? mean, that i paragraph sets up how -- i am blanking. >> you hope they do not mean that literally, but let's put down the men to stand up for the women. >> i think we're talking about tough love. not really kill. she is not saying to murder your fathers or your mothers. the god of -- it is revolutionary feminists to build an ever stronger movement so sisters will have somewhere to turn. use their power and rage and beauty and coolness on their own behalf or what's, on their own

terms, other own issues, their own style, whatever that may be. what you think we are saying here? does that strike anybody, that section? [laughter] i love it when you look like you have never seen those words before. >> where is that? >> win98. this is one of the most famous parts. this is the first document where we have seen the phrase women's tal w,tion movement, capi l, capital m. look at the agency. remember the now document said that women needed to have it quality, but it was very insistent that women use their own talents.

it was part of their duty to society to put them to use. use their own power and rage and beauty and coolness on their own behalf -- instead of foods? .> men >> men. that is right. all right, she says, further down, she says, we are an oppressed people, but a people raising your consciousness. that will be a big phrase of this era, consciousness raising. raising our consciousness of something that is the other side of anger, something that is right and smooth and cool like action. we keep hearing the word "action" in these documents. what is this document calling for? bottom line, what does robin morgan want here? >> a voice for women. >> ok, a voice for women. very good, miss casey. >> [indiscernible]

in from theutside male population. >> this notion of women's agency, women's voices, women's everything being used on behalf of ok, good. that has a nice catch to it. that was good. quotes -- power to all people or power to none. so, in the same way, when the racial bigotry is going on, you have women's liberation, and they feel if they are not equal with men, there is no equality anymore. >> good. and he would pick up stereotypes about women here -- anyone pick up stereotypes about women here? the womens "we are that men have learned us about." >> that is good. >> that is probably my favorite. men were telling their wives not to get caught up in the hype and

what these women are doing and fighting for does not exist and women are equal and all this other stuff. so their wives do not get worked up either. i think that she is talking about how the people behind this statement are the ones that the husbands are -- not really afraid of, but worried about. they are the ones bringing the rockets. i think it is funny of her to recognize that and say, we are the ones who were going to do this and you guys are scared of us or worried about what we're going to do or you should be. >> or he you should be. -- youwill be married all saw those little one minute clips of her. you have a face behind this document, yes? woman. a smart good rider. did you want to conclude your thought?

would think it is because men fear that women are becoming too aggressive. they see them standing up for themselves, and they are faring this because they are starting to become -- this notion of power like a pie where, if i take a big slice, that means there's less for you. right? power.s only so much it was very clear from the african-american civil rights movement, 10 years before this document, no one gives up power willingly. if i give you some, i have less. is this good? probably not, for me. this is a tricky thing, right? very quickly -- what is the tone of this document? >> directive. >> what else? >> preaching. >> in a good way or bad way? >> preaching opinion -- either way. >> reaching, not preachy.

ok. what do you guys think? >> volcker. >> vulgar. and she would be right. there are words in here you would not want to say in front of your grandmothers probably. good. what you think, tone? tone? >> angry. >> angry, obviously. anger in here?e yeah, she has some righteous anger. to the redturn stockings manifesto please? is this -- what is the tone of this? is of the same, different? the rednot met stockings before. they were a group founded on the east coast. their initial concerns had to do with making abortion a topic that was ok to talk about in seekingand then ce, to move assistan

abortions out of back alleys and into safer places for women. .o, the red stocking manifesto what is the tony echo >> sirius, but frustrated. >> what is the tone? that women want to change men rather than take all of the power away? >> women what to change men rather than give men the power or take more from them? to change men. >> they want to change men. change the power structure. and you point to somewhere where you're seeing they want to change men? oldere supremacy is the type of domination, and basically --

>> yeah, you got it. do you want to help him out? need not to change ourselves, but change men. >> why do you think that is? it is hard to take a side in it. i don't know. i feel like they are kind of perfect and it is all men's fall. but it's really not -- the generations evolved into what it has been. >> and it helps to think like historians. you live in a completely different world. know.on't >> no, no, that's good. that's good. linehat is the most famous . male supremacy is the oldest,

most basic form of domination. all other forms of exploitation and oppression are extensions of male supremacy. men dominate women. a few men dominate the rest. what do you think? that is pretty stark language, isn't it? do you think it is true? >> yes. i mean -- and retrospect, men have always in power and at the top of that latter are a few --ividuals, women in control it has hardly ever been queens that have the most power. it has always been canes or elected officials who always been men. >> have primarily been men before now. kings and is there another way to be at the top the side such ruling? >> money. >> money. power through money, power to politics.

all men have oppressed women. is that true? is pretty big blanket statement, too. all men have oppressed women. >> i have a question. >> yes? >> what does it mean by unintentional oppression? it means that you are not aware of the privilege you have being a male? i don't know. are they talking -- >> you mean three-year-old boys? that male comrade who really does support you -- i can't remember what the exact term was, how they describe it -- the sympathetic male, thank you. what if you genuinely do have a sympathetic male? you are still attacking them? >> casey, you do not even know what an awesome question that is

. maybe you do. have any of you studied what would be the answer to that question in other classes? can you rephrase what she is asking? this is a really important question. we could spend the next three weeks just on that question. in fact, there are about 9000 books in answer to that question. mr. downey? >> one of the things we talked about in my other class was, if men are part of a society, in terms of where you fit in faulttably, is it their for continually being a part of that, and even if they do support women and are a sympathetic male, they are still part of the society as a whole. >> not only are they part of it, but what? >> they are it. >> ok, we're going to come back to the spirit that is very good,

ms. johnson. -- ok, we're going to come back to that. that is very good, ms. johnson. >> [indiscernible] >> what you mean? talkingwhen you're about racism, things like that, it isn't the way that people are ? is that in their nature, or is that how they were raised? is a biological or is it because of what you are raised around? >> so, you are getting to the point of nature versus nurture, going inwhere you front? yes, other way. nature versus nurture. is society constructed this way or born this way? that is part .f your answer

>> [indiscernible] in nature versus nurture, [indiscernible] emotional and how you develop. suppose so, you're saying nature versus -- >> so, you're saying nature versus nurture is part of the answer here, that boys develop differently from girls? what role does society plan this? did -- did yours psychology glass to chew it was more nature versus nurture? >> nature/nurture. >> yeah. >> wait a minute. your question now -- we often look at this in terms of racism

and what is called white privilege. have you studied white privilege anywhere? you did? into that born privilege. there is no choice there. you're automatically be oppressor or the oppressed. i don't know. they are generalizing all males. >> ok. let me interrupt you for a second. what we're saying here is in part, all men oppress all women because all men, whether they are three-year-old boys or 30-year-old men or 90-year-old of, benefit from a system what we're going to call the patriarchy. men in charge of all institutions. we saw this in our other documents, right? men ruled rule the courts, men ruled the political system, men rule all of it. all of it. sex, every aspect you can think of. so, even if you are a do you not male,

still benefit from the fact of being a man? white,are a sympathetic if you are one of those white who went south and work to get african-american southerners enrolled to vote, do you not still benefit from the fact that you are white? even if you do not want to? even if you get it as much as you can get it, not being black or not being female, don't you still benefit? i think that is in part your answer. even a three-year-old boy. do youri want to say -- member that advertising blitz that from the 1950's for the dishwasher? who had the action, who led the agency? who was obviously connected to the littleer -- boy or the little girl? >> the little girl.

yeah, you, woman, dishwasher. -- that is great. that is a great question. that is a great question. and it gets in part to the heart of what these women were trying to suggest about the role of happy.cause they are not mr. mallory, did you have your hand up? mr. ray? sympathetic,s given that he wants to with women, are they justified in raging against all men? >> ah. excellent question. what you think they would answer? what do think the red stockings would answer? yes. they would say yes.

and aren't they calling for raise consciousness of men as well? step out of yourselves. look at the system. do you have something to say? yes, no? >> yes. >> ok. >> did those sympathetic men get oppressed from other men when they saw i cap oh >> you mean where they made fun of by other men, that sort of thing? >> yeah. >> probably. i don't know. >> you can't blame all of them. those are men who are also being oppressed. >> yes, but -- if you are a red stocking you are going to say, and they do, all men have oppressed women. all men have oppressed women. explicationrms of and depression.

the kinds of questions you're asking we will look at in more detail when we look at the conservative side, because there will be many americans asking these questions. and lots of them are going to be husbands. what, why are you mad at me echo i just did the dishes? are you mad at a specific man, were all men? goodbye to all that. that is part of the pain and sorrow answers of betrayal. you can see in these documents. they are enraged against the men they love. who represent the system they don't like. the system is broken. how do you fix that system? not so easy. , the thing about men all being oppressors, yeah, but what is your definition of oppressors? is your >> what

definition of oppressors? he makes me cooking supper and does not thank me. yeah, they are all oppressors, but how are they oppressed? >> this is good. this is good. i have to tell you, in this era of the movement, nobody was thinking in terms of gray. in this era of the movement, it is so raw. these women have zeal. they have been newly converted. they are like, well, i am mad at myself for being complicit in this, i am mad at them for being complicit in this, i am mad we did not figure this out before, what kind of opportunities could i have had if we had figured this out before. and this was kicked around in bars and living rooms and those sunken pits that people had in their houses in this era like you saw on "the brady bunch," right?

men oppressed women because of their expectations that they had to do the tasks in daily work. and they had to do the carpentry and building with her hands. >> because they are suited to it. toand women are trained doing all that kind of stuff. >> which takes us right back to biology and nature versus nurture, yes? get suspected that ancient historical thing here you can go back as far as the medieval bible to find these roles for women, yes. >> your own statement that you read previously about psychology students -- they are blaming the past generation for what the system is like now -- it answers arequestion for why men oppressors. the generation hands-down the oppression to women. >> generational change takes a long time, doesn't?

-- doesn't it it? it does not happen quickly. >> the new left, how much of that was the left that was in goodbye to all of that -- >> that is it. that is it. of the new left. and the men of the new left, they worked in the trenches day in and day out. said, youhe ones you make the coffee, you make the mimeograph and you make the food and the beds, whatever. those men. sometimes they would say, yeah, i get it. you are good enough to go knock door to door with the voter drive with me, but i am not making the coffee. will get to see -- nice segue, mr. downey. let's look at the housework.

ok, a member of red stockings, yes? you well know this. what is the tone of this document? >> i mean -- it is funny. intentionallynot mean for it to be as funny as i -- i it, but it is just just like that she puts in near what itsays to her, but really means, because everything has a double meaning. each person thinks something different. so, i found it funny. i don't know. >> ok. funny? >> i agree. i like the translations. >> mr. finley, is it funny? >> funny, informative. >> you found it informative? >> [indiscernible]

if it were another person's life, you could say that and be like, oh, whatever, but she breaks it down to what he actually means. you have been surprisingly silent. what did you think? [laughter] as toould not go so far say it was funny. i would say, yeah, i agree, it was pretty much informative. interesting to find the differences of what people ofnk is trivial in terms what the man views is trivial and what the woman views as trivial, but i can definitely butrstand the man's views, i know all of the subversive tactics. oh, mom, i don't know how to do the laundry. [laughter] set but did she fall for it?

it?> did she fall for >> oh, yeah. >> because she loves you, mr. lowery. your mama loves you. thethis document is from 1970's. this is a classic. it was meant to be funny. it was part of this, and another document we will not get to today -- another classic about you have all to -- been stereotyped and now that you have read the red stocking manifesto and goodbye to all that, women were angry. they could not see fun in anything. angry feminists. havert, this is to say, i a sense of humor here. ok, what struck you most about this? odd, herght it was

definition of a liberated woman. >> what was hurt definition -- her? definition >> have a career and also have sex a lot. [laughter] that mean? anybody know what that means? what does that come from? the first paragraph. liberated women -- very different from women's liberation. the first signals all kinds of goodies to warm the heart, not to mention the other parts, of the most radical men. the other signals housework. liberated women warm the hearts and other parts of most radical men, and women's liberation signals height -- housework to the moon. what is she talking about? women sought for sexual freedom as the number one priority? >> remember, on monday we talked about sex?

itber, we talked about how did not escape men that a liberated woman could be a woman who was available for sex? 24/7?th birth control, housekeeping arrangements as in, i am living with this chick, and you do not want a doormat who is going to lay down and take what ever. you want a liberated woman. so, the liberated woman has sex a lot, and a career, something that can be fitted in with the household chores, like dancing, pottery, or painting. it is ok to laugh. [laughter] ok, liberated women and housework. you think this is triple yield -- trivial? it is perfectly reasonable. why should we share the

housework? them this long list -- yes? all the ways she says, why don't you do this housework, and he says -- hmm, not so much. the interest of time, does anyone see any connection here to any other documents cap the one big when you should all be able to dig out? casey? >> [indiscernible] i thought it was funny -- this is what you have to do. then she lays that out. do this, do that. is she serious here, this long list on the bottom? one through what? 9 points? how to teach your new liberated, sympathetic partner how to do the housework? is she serious? >> [indiscernible] >> sorry?

>> somewhat. not actually. i think there is a strong joking tone. time, this ise the conflict we have in front of us. obviously, he is not a dog, but -- >> but. they are being specific, aren't they? with psychology and a few facts about the animal kingdom. again, it is ok to laugh. men bring this up all the time. so, is she trying to get you to understand these excuses that men give? saying for been weeks these documents were women say over and over again, women say, we need a change, the institutions of society that affect the family, housekeeping, child rearing, marriage, divorce yes?a yes -- divorce,

to train up your husband or your partner on the housework. i thought you needed something light for friday to end on, but did anybody find is not funny at all? >> [indiscernible] whichl you are angry at -- which?are angry at --i don't know, i just found that was how it was back then. >> on the back? "a great many american men are not accustomed to doing any monotonous, this is whyork. they would rather repair the cabinets rather than do the dishes."

"men have always had service -- us, women --" that talks like the red stockings manifesto. men at the top. are your great painters and statesmen, etc.? millinery shop. mrs. martin luther king cap the house. was she trying to say? anyone want to summarize that point? >> [indiscernible] thereind every great man, is a woman doing the laundry. >> that is what i got out of it. [indiscernible] >> don't you think what they are really saying is, housework is not that great of a thing for anyone to accomplish? you make the bed, you sleep in the bed, you make the bed, you

sleep in the bed. you do the dishes, you eat, you do the dishes. more repetitive work. he wants that -- who wants that? but men say, you can do that. we will leave that up to you. this is what women enjoy doing. this is what women have done always. sex and caste. remember the caste? sex-based caste system. ok, someone give me a summary. very mad.ere >> women were very mad. because? protest.ction, >> was a justified -- was it justified?

women were angry. >> [indiscernible] they were much more intelligent and much more aggressive than had been assumed. whereas they thought that they were too aggressive, but that was good for them. >> you're talking about the myths and realities of women's lives, how they are viewed by men. these women are pushing against that. >> against the stereotype. >> ok, that's good. >> basically the idea that women need a quality. in that sense, they should be able to push society in a radical sort of sense, but there are a lot of different steps they're recommending the taken, and i can't imagine how confused these women were. >> and men. men were totally confused, deal

well. it was a confusing time. and do not forget sisterhood. sisterhood is our call. you get the last words. >> i was just point to say -- she makes it clear that there is a difference between liberating single women and married women, how there is different work to be done in both of those areas, but in order for the work to be done, all of the women have to come together. and it is about understanding not only each other, but having men understand where you're coming from and the oppression and all that, to basically, it is everybody needs to band together to change this, and it is not going to take one woman getting out or one man supporting her. it has to be everybody. >> in order to change the system, to make it better for everybody to live together, it will take all of us. but these documents in this era, very clear about women's voices,

women's agency, women's action, women taking control of their own troubles come a right? backseat forake a a bit. very good questions, very good job. thank you, everyone. have a great weekend. set both join us each saturday evening at 8:00 p.m. and midnight eastern for classroom lectures from across the country on different topics and eras of american history. lectures and history are also available as a podcast. visit our website at history/podcasts or download them from itunes. >> each week, american history america" brings you archival films. as millions around the world

watched on live television, neil armstrong again the first person to set foot on the moon. next, a half-hour nasa documentary chronicling the moon mission from liftoff to splash down. 16 seconds. 12, 11, 10, 9 ashe ignition sequence starts. 2, one, zero -- have a liftoff. liftoff on apollo 11. >> 30 seconds. contact right? ok, stopped. >> the eagle has landed. >> we copy on the ground. you got it, guys.

>> armstrong is on the moon. neil armstrong. and americans standing on the surface of the moon. on this july 20, 1969. >> that is one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. >> that is beautiful. >> [indiscernible] it's very pretty. >> that is beautiful. >> isn't that something? >> i can't believe it. >> [indiscernible] you are cleared for takeoff. >> roger. inbound.

[static] >> very good. very quiet ride. >> apollo 11, apollo 11, this is worn it. this is warnick, over. over.s is hornet, [beeps] >> we are at the henrya. walla .e country life center this is the birthplace of henry a. wallace. fondlyriarch was known as uncle henry. he was the founder of wallace's armor magazine. his son was the u.s. secretary

of agriculture under woodrow 's son wasd henry c. born on this farm in 1888. he went on to become editor of farmeraces' magazine. he was the secretary of griculture for franklin d. roosevelt. known for the agricultural adjustment act, which was the first time that farmers were .sked not to produce at first, people could not believe the kinds of things he was proposing regarding that, though when, as prices went up, they started to listen to him. people still refer to him today as the genius secretary of agriculture. andxplore the history literary life of des moines,

iowa, throughout the weekend on tv and american history tv on c-span3. up, author and professor lyle dorsett talks about the role of military chaplains room world war ii. about 12,000 traveled into battle. professor dorsett explores the difficulties the chaplains faced and shares stories from many of their autobiographies. the event was part of national world war ii museum commemoration of the 70th anniversary of d-day in june. >> thank you for attending this session. i will try to lead time at the end for questions and answers if you like.