most of it is written by what i would cause -- call lost cause of apologists. and yet come a it is the lost cause apologists who talk about the local women trying to bring vegetables to the poor starving union soldiers. they condemn wirz for saying these local women must be traitors because they want to bring vegetables to the union soldiers. so, i think yes, people at least within the vicinity of andersonville have to know what is going on. the stench alone must have been enormous. that is the other thing. it is hard to imagine how you could get anywhere near andersonville without being fully aware that there is a horror show there. one more hand here. >> [indiscernible] >> could you wait for the -- >> anyone interested in history -- about the holocaust, there is the scene in poland. the camp was in the distance. the gas chambers. they interviewed all of these people -- no, they did not smell

anything, they did not know anything. >> the great olfactory collapse in poland. i am out of time, and as i said for all of the other papers, i guess mine qualifies as well, a good paper is where you can't answer all the questions. [applause]

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> you're watching american history tv. 40 hours of programming every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter at teeth and history for information on our schedule, upcoming programs, and to keep up with the latest news. artifactsek, american take viewers into archives, , and historic sites around the country. next we visit the national cryptologic museum, located just north of washington d.c. on the campus of the national security agency, to learn about the making and breaking of secret codes, and their role in u.s. history.

in charge of the naval effort, was moving for a cutthroat -- a couple of reasons. we do not have the manpower and

resources to do with the japanese operation. he figured correctly it would take about a year for american factories to convert from peacetime to wartime production. once that limit had been reached, the factories would churn out so many that japan would eventually be overwhelmed. he is seeking to end the war as quickly as he can. the american navy is a boxer on the ropes. one more punch and he would be down for the count. he wants to pull the punch now rather than later. he left 1942 with the largest fleet in the history of naval warfare up to that point. the 50 ships will come out to defend it and he will destroy them with his overwhelming numbers. is hopingre gone, he and praying franklin roosevelt

will sign a peace treaty with japan that will leave him and control the pacific. las vegas has not been created yet. if there have been makers at the time and las vegas, they would have given all of the advantages to the japanese. they were like a football team that was 16 and oh. the japanese do not win the battle of midway and partially that is because we had great leadership ourselves. this is a photo of a man who was able to restore morale i quickly after pearl harbor. not only laboring under a handicap of a lack of resources and man our mama but he also has another challenge. we have not yet broken japan's naval code. harbor, we got smart and began to apply more resources to break in the military code. there were any number of organizations devoted to doing

just that. out in the world -- out in pearl harbor, working every day to break the japanese naval systems , doing the very same ring. work a lot of very tough in may of 1940 two, they achieve a breakthrough and begin to bring portions to the point where they can ascertain what the japanese are going to do. the messages, at they are able to see clearly the is objective for japan

"a.f." the next question of course is, what does a. f. correspond to? rochefort came to the conclusion quickly because he had been doing this type of analysis for a while that a.f. was definitely midway island. he convinced nimitz that this was the case and nimitz informed the marines on midway to be ready for a massive japanese invasion. so far the plan seems to be going quite well. the problem was this. the superiors of these gentlemen in washington, admiral king and admiral redmond, were not quite sure that they were on the right track. nimitz was never ordered to put this plan on the shelf, but they did question him and basically second guess him. not so much because they weren't confident in his leadership abilities, but because they were worried. can you understand why they were worried. we were down to 50 ships. if nimitz was wrong, that would mean that both hawaii and the west coast could be open to japanese invasion. the second guessing, though, really got under rochefort's skin, and he wanted to put an end to it, so he proposed a simple way to do that. he respectfully asked admiral nimitz to help him with a plan to prove that they were right. he respectfully requested nimitz to order the marines on midway to go to their radio center and send out what will be a false message. a message that will say that the water plant on the island that draws in seawater and turns it into fresh drinking water is

broken and that there's no fresh drinking water on the island. that message is sent out, despite the fact that it's demonstrably false. there's plenty of drinking water, but they want the japanese to think there's a problem. they prayed that the japanese would intercepts it, guess what, they do. days later this there is a message sent from guam, it is intercept bid the americans, we can read those messages now. when we break the message, it is the minutes of an intelligence meeting that was held in tokyo a few days prior, and guess what one of the topics of conversation was. a.f. is short of water. now nimitz has proved his point and he can put his ships exactly where he wants them and ultimately he is able to stage a

brilliant, brilliant nautical ambush. the early parts of this battle were challenging, despite the fact we knew the direction the japanese were approaching from, the pacific ocean is a big place. we had lots of different elements trying to locate the japanese fleet. we had a little trouble doing it and and we lost a lot of very brave pilots in the beginning of this battle. however, when you know what your adversary is going to do, when you have their battle plan and they can only guess what you're doing, sooner or later if you keep pressing you will gain an advantage. and quarter after 10:00 on june 4, a collection of dive bombers from the enterprise and yorktown found three of japan's top of the line carriers in close proximity. they attacked and in 25 minutes this was the result. now, american naval forces were able to destroy a fourth carrier later this afternoon. it is worth noting that all four of those carriers had been part of the raid on pearl harbor and they were now gone forever. most importantly it will now be the united states on the attack, on the offense, and after several more years of bloody fighting japan will surrender in the fall of 1945. midway was definitely the turning point.

now, please don't go back to the wonderful organization you work for, c-span, and tell everybody that we won the battle of midway because of cryptology. cryptologists don't win battles. if they did, poland would have won world war ii in the first week. cryptologists help, but you've got to have soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines who are willing to stand in harm's way and carry the fight to the enemy. you also have to have guns, planes, and tanks, and implements of war. but even with all that cryptology with be a huge help because it can help to you know what the enemy is going to do before they do it. now, if you know that, the odds of victory are going to go up, something else will happen as well. we lost around 300 people at the battle of midway. and that's a tragedy. but the japanese lost over 2500 people. so cryptology done right not only helps you to win, but it also helps to you save lives. and if you ever have to describe to somebody what this game is all about, why it's important to break the codes of the enemy and

protect your own, this still, despite the fact that it happened in 1942, is one of the very best examples you could use. >> you can watch all of this and other programs at c-span.com. >> monday night on the communicators, three members of congress talk about their tech elegy legislation. and freeeve in an open internet without government intervention. we look where the internet has, and is going in the future. this is being done on the private sector. >> lie within not want their product and brand exposed to tens of thousands of people? the fcc took the first move and will vote finally at the end of the first year.

we believe the nfl will follow suit. >> concerns over must carry carry rules, basically giving people a footing when it comes to being able to negotiate with broadcast and being able to negotiate with the providers and the people trying to deliver that media to the consumer. it >> republicannive from ohio, new york democratic representative colorado republican representative monday night on the communicators on c-span2. time in the world a lot of soldiers have been away from their homes about three to and therapy getting letters home saying the farm is pieces, we have patrollers in the area, they are taking supplies from us. you going to come home? there is a large problem with