doing, it is a hair-raising experience every time i sit on the bench. it is this huge wall of sound that is going over me and going out into the room. it is still electrifying. i have been accompanying the , and ior 22 years now still -- i'm still thrilled as much as i was the first time that i heard them. one great story has to do with helen keller who was always here back in the early 1900s. she spoke at the pulpit just behind where i'm speaking from here. we know in her situation, she was deprived of her eyesight and learn to speak in a very guttural voice. she came here and gave a

presentation to a packed house. when she had finished, they asked if there was anything she would like, and she said, i would like to hear your famous organ play. the organist came over, and i -- and he played "come, come ya saints." the president walked up to the organ and placed her hand on the wooden case. a person who was there at the time said helen keller just left as she felt the throbbing of the great instrument and the sound of those types playing the song that the pioneers had sang as they came across the plains. there is something unique about this choir that comes across to audiences. i think it is a combination of things. it is not just the sound of the choir. it isn't just how well trained they are and how professional they are. i think it is their sincerity about their message. the audiencen to

at the end of any performance or broadcast to sing "god be with you until we meet again," i see tears in the eyes of the people out there. i know the stories of the choir members. i know what they are going through in their families, and i know they are releasing him from the heart. when thes across audience hears them sing. >> find out where c-span's local content vehicles are going next online at c-span.org/localcontent. you're watching american history tv. all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> are two of our visit to the cia museum in langley, virginia.

music director and cia director tony haile begins in the director's gallery. >> this is the director's gallery. normally, the director selects the artist who will do his portrait when he leaves office. we are standing here in front of the portrait of george herbert was director of central intelligence at a particularly difficult time in our history, following a pike and church committees in 1975. the agency was under investigation by congress. morale was pretty low here at the time. he is the first member of congress to serve as director, sent over by the president to help prepare those relationships between the cia and congress. ofrsight committees come out this investigation, as well, the senate select committee on intelligence and the house permanent select committee on intelligence. he was with us just 10 days shy of the year. he would like to have stayed on.

on hise things to note, watch, he established a practice that we still use today, which b teamed a team, analysis. the agency would generate analysis on any given subject and set up another team to attack that. -- that theory. with osama bin laden is in the compound at abbottabad. it -- not, what explains if not, what explains it? another thing that took a new it or -- a new urgency on his watch was cia briefings for the presidential candidates. it was truman who started it. want hisdn't successor, president eisenhower, to be as uninformed as he felt he was. remember, truman didn't even know about the manhattan project. truman establishes the cia briefings, but on his watch, it takes on new urgency.

15 years ago, we renamed the compound the george bush center for intelligence. to the an artifact out library at college station, texas. it is the original legislation signed by president clinton renaming the compound after george herbert walker bush. >> when you say, the compound, what does that mean? >> that means 258 acres here at langley, virginia, a site that has an intelligence history that goes back to the civil war. werenaissance balloons launched from here. there are the remnants of two civil war camps on the property. over the years, as we've built new buildings, the construction projects have turned up civil war-era relics that we have in our collection. president eisenhower laid the cornerstone for this original headquarters building on the third of november 1959. the george washington parkway was extended as part of the original construction plan.

hold objects in our collection related to the corner store and laying ceremony. we have that problem by president eisenhower and allen dulles used that they toledo mud. two years later, the building was ready to occupy. in his remarks at the dedication of the building, allen dulles includes a bible quote -- that bible quote says, ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. dulles asked that that the ofved into the very outset the building. 1961 is when we began occupying the building, the same will year the berlin wall -- the same year the berlin wall went up. the wall came down in 1989. we say we like to have the book ends of the cold war right here

in the architecture of the cia. we have a number of different galleries. this particular one is dedicated to the director of science and technology. this is a directorate that truly defines creativity and innovation. during the cold war, different options for collection platforms were explored, including those that the animal kingdom might present. behind us is a case of our animal spies. the largest object is aqualine. this was a uav developed in the late 1960's, meant to look like an eagle that could be folded into migration flocks that might to over a hard target area provide oblique imagery or electronic capture, any number of different platforms could potentially have been put on the piece like this.

about in development for six years, and no operational vehicle was ever deployed to the field, but certainly the lessons future uavorm programs -- informed future uav programs. its sister, the pigeon camera. we can also go below the ocean. pigeons have been around for a a partnercenturies as in espionage. the germans invented the pigeon camera in the early 1900s. pigeon photography was used during world war i. there is no such thing as technology that is too old for espionage. we frequently revisit technology. the cia needed low-level imagery over a hard target area. pigeon missions are still classified. we developed a program. we found in working with

pigeons, there are challenges. as soon as we strapped a camera on our bird and it became operational, to the civilian pigeons, the operational bird no longer look the same with the camera hanging off of its chest. in their little bird brains, the profile had changed. the civilian pigeons would attack the operational bird. and, a hawk likes a page every now and then. we had one operational loss to a hawk. pigeons are very sensitive to their environment. when it came time to shift them out to the hard target area, they get so stressed out they molded. flood---without feathers don't fly. these are the challenges we had. we are also collecting intelligence below the water's surface. we have a robotic catfish. one is traveling to the american people right now. the one in the case is probably the prototype. during the vietnam era, we developed what are called

seismic intruder devices and made them look like ordinary degree that you would find along a jungle trail. if you look closely at ours, one seems to resemble a piece of tiger dong -- dung. the vibrations could be counted, sent to a listening post, and then transmitted for collection. additionally, in this case, we have a very unique kind of concealment. if you and i need to communicate with one another, case officer to agent, one of the most difficult, sensitive, dangerous for us to do that is face to face. then we both risk being compromised. we develop impersonal means of communication like code or communications equipment or dead drops. we want our dead drops to be totally innocuous. we don't want them to draw any kind of attention, or we want them to be particularly

disgusting so no one will touch them. in this case, we might have had the disgusting part. this rat was used for operations in moscow. the only creature that will go anywhere near a moscow rat is a but wemoscow cat, thought of that, as well. it is you are issued your rat given ap, you are also bottle of tabasco sauce so you can lace the rat with tabasco sauce. hopefully, the cats won't bother it. these are some of the animals who have been partners in espionage. we are in the intelligence art gallery. we don't always have an artifact for an object to catapult us into that part of our history. 10 years ago, we started an intelligence art collection inspired by the painting collections in the military services. we are actually standing next to our first painting in the clutch in, which isn't tired of --

entitled "earthquake final flight." it captures an operation in 1954 -- in 1964. french troops are pinned down by vietnam artillery. they reach out to the united states, and the u.s. air force boxcars.c-1 19 flying the cia provides the pilot through its proprietary airlines. 37 pilots flew 682 missions during about a two point 2.5-month period. this painting captures a flight that took place on the sixth of may, 1954. a flying that day was a legendary pilot by the name of james mcgovern.

his copilots was wallace buford. the french kicker was behind the pilot when the plane was hit. the french kicker ran to the back of the open cargo bay to check the damage to the horizontal stabilizer, noted that the port engine had been knocked out, streaming oil. this aircraft is not what to plan one engine. it inrn and buford kept the air for 45 minutes until it finally crashed inside laos. the wreckage remained unrecovered until 2002. finally, team was allowed to go in. they recovered mcgovern's remains. we received a few pieces of the aircraft. after that many years, there wasn't much left. these two combat casualties were the first american deaths in the conflict we call the vietnam war. the story of two young men. dix is 20 years old.

he is a staff sergeant on his when hisetnam in 1967 assignment chained and he is sent to work under the auspices of the loan cia paramilitary officer living in vietnam. cia's in charge of the special programs. 's are indigenous forces that the agency has befriended to help us take over the vietnam and for structure. in 1958, drew engine has been picking up anomalies in viet cong activities. most of their troops had gone home to celebrate a holiday. drew takes a handful of the pru's and navy seals to go up along the border. that same night, two battalions,

600 viet cong, infiltrated the provincial capital and took major buildings. base,s back at the cia defending it from the rooftop with a 30 caliber and 50 caliber machine gun. he radioed to drew, you've got to get back. drew makes it back. --n he gets back, drew says jim says, maggie is missing. they go off to save maggie. when they get to her house, it is occupied by the vietcong, and they get her out. for 56 hours, these two men fought a series of battles throughout the city with a handful of troops. they rescued another 13 free world civilians, captured one of the highest-ranking viet cong captured during the war, and rescued the acting province children, which helped to rally their own troops. at the end, the cia regional supervisor said drew deserved nothing less than the medal of

honor. a year later, staff sergeant drew dix received the first special forces noncommissioned officer medal of honor. on the back of this medal of honor, it says military assistance command vietnam combined studies division. this is the only cia medal of honor. csd was the agency program. drew finished his career in special forces, retire at 20, received a commission to first lieutenant, retired as a major, then went up to alaska, owned and operated a bush service. he then became alaska's deputy of homeland security. jim finish his career in cia paramilitary operations, retired in 1998. two weeks after the attacks in our country, he was out on the war zone. if you don't get to meet men like this every day.

a distinguished intelligence cross, which is our highest medal for valor. and our entire history, only 34 have been presented. we are and what we call the afghan gallery. exhibit on cia's role in the operation enduring freedom, a role that was carried out in those days and weeks after the attacks on our country on 9/11. the cia team entered afghanistan on the 26th of september, 15 days after the attack. at one of the reasons we were able to go in so quickly is that we had a contingency plan on the shelf for doing just this. on the 14th of september, director tenet briefed president contingency, and the president said, i want cia to be first on the ground. the second team into afghanistan and turned weeks later --

entered weeks later on the 17th of october. this team has a different mission, a tactical mission. their job is to set up an intelligence shield across the top five provinces of afghanistan, and working with native partners, collect real-time intelligence to shape the battlefield. when i interviewed the head of that second team, he confided to as they flew in, the military inserted this particular team, they were going over there mission. withknew it was to link up the native insurgency, trained them, and run operations. we looked at each other and said, it feels like we are working for general donovan. he said, the more changes, the more it stays the same. that is what gave us the idea for this exhibit, to position photographs and objects, 60 years separating each, and it is a very powerful lesson. it gives us our legacy, and it

cap slides is our history -- history.s our there were hundreds of pieces of intelligence to make this model is accurate as possible. a seven to one scale model of the about about a compound. the original model was used to brief the policymakers, used to brief president obama, used by the assault team to plan their raid. two additional copies were made for the historical record at the same time the original one was made, and this is our copy. pieces we got the best -- feedback we could have ever hoped to receive. when every single member of the assault team arrived, and when we debrief them, they said, we feel like we've been there before. the first helicopter landed here. the first -- the second helicopter was to drop the team onto the villa. then a number of things happened. first of all, we had a stealth

helicopter whose flight characteristics had been modified. they are coming in hot and heavy. they go into a hover over the villa, the rotors are turning, air is directed down into the compound, probably fits these walls, comes back up over the aircraft, and it is called settling with power. the more he tries to power out of it, the faster down he will go. american helicopters rotate counterclockwise, which is why he ended up over here. everybody got off alive. the entire raid lasted 39 minutes. the weapon we have displayed and is part of the gallery was recovered from the third floor of the abbottabad compound by the assault team during the raid. we find this to be a very powerful object. it has an immediacy to it. it puts the there on that

mission with the assault team there on the third floor of the about about a compound. this one than that, object represents for us at cia the tasking of three presidents to do everything possible to bring down al qaeda. the president's daily briefing is the most exclusive publication in the world, and is tob is agency officers collect intelligence that matters and get it to the policymakers so they can make informed decisions about our national security. we do this through a number of publications. we are looking at the most exclusive publication rainout. this has an interesting history. day.es back to truman's it was truman who asked for briefing he could carry with him. it was called "the daily summary." the asked for it in 1946.

then he wanted a weekly summary. we did that for him. we tailor the briefings for the first customer. the president decides who else will receive the briefing in addition to him. that changes from administration to administration. president kennedy wasn't happy with the essay format. of theed a checklist most critical national security intelligence that we had at the time. we created the president's intelligence checklist. ford was the first president to get regular one-on-one briefings from cia, and the president always travels with his cia briefer. traveling with the president on , on air force one for the next 13 hours until the president came back to andrews, was the cia briefer.

in 2004, we have the intelligence reform and terrorism prevention act. that piece of legislation was the first sweeping change to the intelligence community. as a result of that, the position of director of national intelligence is created, and the moved up to the dni level to cia contributes to almost 90% of the briefings, but now other members of the intelligence community also contribute to the briefing. today, president obama receives his briefing on a tablet. can imagine, our current operations are so highly classified. those objects we might collect would be highly classified, as well. tangible objects are not considered to be official u.s. government records. part ofe, they are not

that 25-year or 50-year automatic declassification effort. if we want to try to tell the story of a classified program through classified tangibles, then we have to make sure that there are no agency equities that could be compromised by our telling that story. there is an internal review process. first, the equity holder must communication equipment and the director of science and technology will have to agree that the technology can be put on display. the information that we write about that must be reviewed by the publications review board and then released by that particular directorate mechanism. there is a great deal of oversight. it is a good partnership that we have with these various equity holders to make sure that we tell a complete story, a full story, an accurate story in our museum.

all official visits to the central intelligence agency in thend end here memorial lobby, the original headquarters building. ofs lobby contains a number commemorative pieces to our , not only the oss memorial commemorating the loss oss'ers at the beginning of our country's first non-departmental goal -- intelligence agency, to this commemorates 107 of cia's dead and fallen, dating back to 1950 when we lost our first officer. 100 seven, there are representatives from all four directorates, but a look at the book of honor will show you that not every star has a name next to it. there are still 27 of our colleagues who even in death

cannot be publicly acknowledged because those national security equities they worked on are still sensitive. every year, we -- they reviewed the remaining 27. if the equities change, we will do so at the time of our memorial. this year is the 40th anniversary of the memorial wall. representatives from every single directorate, as i said. there are 10 women on the wall. the youngest is a woman, barbara robbins, 21 years old, the first female officer killed in the line of duty and the youngest star at age 21, killed in vietnam in 1965. there is a wide diversity of our officers here on the wall. there are three african-americans, to native americans, to asian-americans, and one persian american. there are nine of our colleagues who have never come home, including our first star, doug mccarron. i think it is important to note that every new avery -- every

new agency officer starts their career right here in front of the memorial wall. they take the author of office to serve our country and this with 107arting here stars, our fallen colleagues looking at them, and the father of central intelligence across the way, observing their joining this organization. fallen for us capture the egos that all of us strive to live by on a daily basis. that includes service, excellence, integrity, courage, teamwork, and stewardship. if you read the stories behind the stars on the wall, you will find examples of all of those values that all of us try to carry with us as we go through our careers and as we serve our nation.

>> for more information about the cia museum, visit their website cia.gov. american history tvs american artifacts programs online anytime. go to c-span.org/history. all is american history tv, weekend, every weekend on c-span3. is on augusts break, c-span's primetime programming will feature a wide range of political views and topics. this weeks programs include the national association of latino the westerncials, conservative summit, and the net roots nation conference. we will have a live update on 2014 u.s. senate races. c-span prime time, monday through friday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. one of washington's most

distinctive memorials is also among its most cryptic. nameless, sexless, this shrouded figure was placed over the grave of clover adams, the photographer wife of historian henry adams. she took her own life in december 1885. six months later, while visiting the artist studio, henry adams had an inspiration. asking a young male model to take a seated position, he wrapped the youth's torso in an american indian rug he found on the premises. his own part in designing what adams friend and neighbor john haig called the finest monument in america would be kept secret. the work is indescribably noble and imposing. infinite wisdom, a path without beginning, a future without end, a repose after limitless experience. the public began: the statue grief -- began calling the statue grief.

fast-forward forward to the first week of march 1933 -- henry adams had long since joined clover underneath the un-inscribed grave marker. the wife of president-elect franklin the other woman, about to become first lady, let her companion to a marble bench. in the old days, i was much younger and not so very wise. sometimes i would feel unhappy and sorry for myself. i would come out here alone and sit and look at that woman and i would always come away somehow feeling better and stronger. eleanor roosevelt was wro