were you able to forget about the images of the bomb? >> it is impossible to forget about the atomic bombing. what remains in my mind is that flash of light.

>> when i witnessed many people severely, severely burned people, they were saying please, give me some waterer. please, give me some waterer. that scene will never go away. >> it's been about almost 7 years since then. and what i really what to do is i want you to know what i sfeernsed. that's it. >> high school?

>> what do you guys think about nuclear power plants? >> of course, especially with

what happened at the fukushima daiichi power plant, we were very sensitive to whavs happening. we strongly believe that new collar power plants and nuclear weapons are both sides of one coin. so we would really, really like for the world to change to natural energy. also, we have been clean to tepco, the energy company, that owned the power plant, to find a way to support hemtwise and also financially the victims of the accident.

>> currently in japan, there are 54 nuclear reactors. currently, none of them are operating. but as you can imagine, nuclear -- nuclear power plant companies and other industries are pushing for reopening nuclear reactors right now. >> there's a different situation between local against reopening nuclear power plants and policy

of the nation who is willing the reopen the nuclear reactors. thank you. >> we've about three minutes left. we still have new york harbor school and young women's leadership school. do you guys have questions, answers and maybe they're close enough we could field both. if not, we're sunk. >> i was wondering what some other methods you guys sug jst for solving con flikt besides nuclear weapons and war?

>> of course, for me, personally, the ideal would be to communicate and have discussions and talk. i believe that we should never utilize power or force to get our points across.

but more so, even though my ideal is education, i would like to ask you, what do you think? what do you think you can do or other countries can do to solve all of the conflicts 234 the world? >> apparently, we've been granted five more minutes. so i lied about time. so we have young women's leadership school. >> we wanted to ask if there was any resentment from the whole event. and, if not, then how did you move on or how did you forgive?

>> there's no hatred, per se. i've gone to many different countries and aump been asked do you hate america? i don't hate america. how can i hate america? it was war. everyone japan was horrible.

it's war. people do things that can cause hatred. but we should not have hatred. for the future, we should consider the other parties and to learn how to forgive and how to work together for the future without any hatred. sorry, i for>the last phrase. thank you. the only thing i do hate are nuclear weapons.

>> i do not have any hatred against the u.s. but it is a clear fact that this country has been relying on its nuclear military power. and it's up to this country's policy, how are they going to deal with nuclear power? i think they should iert reduce or abolish. and, as a global leader, this country has to make sure that -- i'm sorry.

has to make sure its direction so that's my concern. so until the u.s. shows this new direction, i cannot say -- one second, i'm sorry. so until this policy becomes clear, i cannot say that i forgive what they've done to japan. thank you. >> i believe that concludes the program. dr. sullivan has some final words. finally, for me, they brought these stories without incrimination.

without resentment. without anger. only in the name of understanding. i think i would have been a fool not to listen and to try to do so. [ applause ] >> tonight, on american history tv, a focus on the cold war beginning with a discussion about the lessons learned 25 years since the fall of the berlin wall. then, a look at some of the human radiation experts conducted by the defense department during the cold war. scholars relate to the dgszs made at the end of the cold war. that's all beginning tonight at 8:00 eastern here on c-span3.

>> please be seeted. 670 years ago, the soldiers were poised for battle. as they did on that day, at the behest of their commander, we once again besiege the blessings of all mighty good in this great and noble undertaking.

let us pray. creator god, we pause this moment to recognize your presence here and to seek your blessing on this gathering of men and women who represent the greatest of generations. a generation who showed us fidelity, knowing full well and firsthand the very high cost of freedom and the true meaning of valor. it is in the spirit of love and community that we gather again to remember the lives lost in the lives forever changed. in doing so, may we also remember your great love for us. may we remember that there is no greater demonstration of love than choosing to lay down your live for another. thank you for all of those who made that choice and the many more who are willing to do so if called upon.

may we remember that everyone in our darkest of days, you promise to give us strength with a deep and abiding peace. i ask this in the full nsz of your name and for your glory, amen. >> thank you, chaplain. our co-host for today's ceremony is the national park service, caretakers of the memorial and we are honored to have with us here today ms. karen, deputy superintendent for the national mall and national parks. >> thank you. good morning.

on behalve of the national park service, it's my plush to welcome you to the world war ii memorial on the 70th anniversary of d-day. i'd like to offer a special welcome to our distinguished geszs, members of the diplomatic community, members of the armed fourss and, most of all, our veterans. i'd like to thank the friends of the national world war ii memorial. our partner in sponsoring this event. today, we pause to remember the day that the allied armies joined in battle on the beaches of normandy to reclaim liberty in europe. but, most importantly, to

remember the men who were there. they were there to free a continue innocent and stop one of the greatest forces of evil the world has ever known. more than 9,000 of them didn't make it home. what many of us forget is that they were young men, 18, 19, 20, who left home for a foreign land and took up the awesome responsibility, far beyond their years. they knew they'd face almost certain death, yet, went without hesitation. thinking about their bravery is staggering. hitler had no idea who he was up against. their actions brought about the beginning of the end of that terrible war. they got the job done.

today, we are privileged to have some of those young men who were there with us, you know, they may not have the same spring in their step as they did then, but they remarijuana heroes to anyone who loves freedom. we, the narc park service, are committed to making sure that those that visit this memorial remember them and all that fought in that war not guilty by name, but by spirit. they're willing to fight and america endured. one of my greatest pleasures is the be able to welcome the honor flight that is come here to this memorial. and it makes me proud to see young people, just like today, who come here to meet, greet them as they arrive and to bear witness to these brave

americans. it is our responsibility as a nation -- [ applause ] . it is our responsibility as a nation to never forget their sacrifice. as a proud daughter of a world war ii veteran who fought at the battle of the bulge, i'm personally honor 20d be entrusted with its care. thank you. >> thank you, karen. very well said. lieutenant general has r has faithly served our country for more than half a century. now u the french of the national world war ii memorial is proud to have him serve as its chairman. >> good morning.

on behalf of the friends of the world war ii memorial board, it's a great honor to commemorate the 70th anniversary of d-day. >> we welcome the defense and military attaches. it means a great deal to our veterans that you came to help us honor them today.

we also give a very special welcome to honor flight fox trot from rhode island. welcome to your memorial. ladies and gentlemen, we've come here to remember one of the great battles of world war ii. we also remember the men and women who are coming off of today's battlefield in iraq and afghanistan. our world war ii veterans fought the most destructive war in history. with our allies, they literally saved the world.

pays tribute to the 16 million americans who served during world war ii, their families and those who served on the home front. we will never forget the 400,000 americans who never returned home. and in those numbers, include the great losses we suffered on that cold, wet and windy day. on june 6th, 1944 in normandy. many of the friends have been involved with this memorial from inception to construction to dedication. and we're privileged to continue to work to ensure the legacy the lessons learn and the great unity in this nation around the world and the sacrifices of all

who served are never forgotten. to accomplish this mission, we we work very proudly with the department of defense and the national park service who take such good care of the mag nif sint memorial. this is truly a sacred place to come, to visit, to remember and to reflect and to kmem rate the defining moments of world war ii, as we're doing today. would all of our world war ii vet rare rans please stand or raise your hand so that we can thank you for your memorial. would you please stand and raise your hand?

our nation owes you a debt that it can never pay. when these veterans came home that we just honored, they took off their uniform, they say rolled up their sleeves and, together, they built this strong, free and beautiful america that we're proud to call home. again, thank you for coming to help us honor our world war ii veterans and to kmem rate the 70th anniversary of the longest day as we honor those who charged the beaches of normandy, climbed the cliffs at point to hock and parachuted and glided in behind the lines, we remember the words of winston churchill who made these comments early in

the war but are very appropriate for this commemoration. and i quote. never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few. god bless our veter rans. god bless those serving today. god bless their families and our allies. god bless america. thank you for your service. [ applause ] >> thank you, jeb. general. not only for those remarks, but for your service that you continue to give. we now have the privilege of hearing from the united states army band brass quintet.

>> thank you, jebtle men. and thank you for being with us here today. we appreciate it. it has now been 70 years, three

score years and ten, a biblical lifeti lifetime since the summer of 1944. for many living in the 21st serve ri, the events of the second world war have grown hazy. blurred to black and white images of tankss, artillery, glimpsed, perhaps, on late night tv. for others, world war ii is now a chapter in the history books. as such, some may conclude it was just another war. bigger, bloodier than those we watch on the evening news. but another war, just the same. that is not the case. the second world war was not in any way typical or representative of other wars.

this war was not the product of a squabble. the enemy in this war, else specially the enemy in europe, was generally terrible, everyone monstrous. and would have ushered in a new dark age for all of humanity. there were many turning points in the pacific, in north africa, at stalen grad in the bloody and terrible eastern front. but of all of these, it was on the beaches of normandy on the 6th of june, 1944, 70 years ago

today, that the history of the world tipped most decisively. the allied invasion of the normandy beaches was the single largest military undertaking in american history and very nearly in world history. it was certainly the largest amphibious operation ever attempted. some 6,000 ships, ships of all kinds, followed by that acronym soup of acronyms and crushly, the lsts. all part of an armada so large and so complex as to be barely imaginable to us today.

it was an armada not easily conjured into existence. men and women on two continue innocents worked 60 hour weeks in double or triple shifts around the clock. for more than two years to crate it. we should remember those who built the ships and the planes and the tanks and the trucks and the jeeps and the other tools of war that made the invasion possible. this armada on the sea was supported by an armada in the air that was nearly as impressive. nearly 2,000 bombers took off from british airfields to blast the targeted beaches. other planes carry british and american paratroopers or it towed long lines of plywood gliders, cut loose over enemy territory to slip silently down through the impenetrateble da

darkness to an uncertain landing. the size of this undertaking is so enormous that it has been given birth that allied success was somehow inevitable. and, yet, ships and planes and plans, no matter how numerous, no matter how detailed, do not win victories. people do. and in the end, it was the men in the warships, landing craft and gliders who seized the toe hold in france that was the first step on the road to berlin. some 132,000 men landed in

france that day and some of them confronted circumstances hardly imaginable to us on this beautiful sun lit june morning. there were those who landed early carrying 60 pound sach e8s whose job it was to clear the instructions on the beach so that the infantry could cross that deadly killing zone. there were those who dropped from the sky in that pitch darkness and found themselves alone in a hostile and uncertain environment. and those who climbed the nearly vertical cliffs at point duhak, hand-over-hand while germans above them sprayed machine gunfire down them.

nor should we forget the french resistance fighters who risked not only their livings, but the lives of their family members to help ice late the beaches and distract the jermans. to be sure, the ships, the planes and all of that careful planning was essential. but in the end, it was the people who did it. who built the ships and planes. who sustained the economy on the home fronts. who volunteered and gave themselves up to a cause greater than themselves. they are the people we are here to honor today. ladies and gentlemen, i have the distinct honor to present to you ms. susan eisenhower, president of the eisenhower group incorporate who also sempbs as chairman to the public policy program. she is, of course, the granddaughter of generalizen

howler throughout the north african and european campaign against hit ler's germany. susan? >> it's a great honor to help celebrate the 70th anniversary of d-day invasion. i'd like to recognize craig simmons, the master of ceremonies. and it is an honor to be here with you, sir. with karcucurullo, deputy superintendent. my diplomat attaches of our allied friends and, most of all, the veterans who are here with us today. it is my distinct honor to read

my grandfather, dwight eisenhow eisenhower's order of the day, d-day. some veterans may remember this brief noet. the order of the day, d-day, june 6th, 1944. soldier, sailors, airmen of the allied expedition their force. you're about to embark upon a great krusz said for which we have strifen these many months. the eyes of the world are upon you. in the company of our brave allies and brothers and arms on other fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the german war machine, the elimination of nazi tyranny over the oppressed people of europe and security of ourselves in the free world. your task will not be abeasy one. your enemy is well-trained, battle hard ped and he will fight savagely. bum this is the year in 1944. much has happened since the nazi triumphs.

the united nations have inflicted upon the germans great defeat in open battle. man-to-man. the tide is turned. i have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty in skill and battle. we will accept nothing less than full victory. good luck. and let us all besiege the blessings of all mighty god upon this great and noble undertaking. today, we mark with solemn

gratitude the 70th anniversary of d-day. tchsz the largest amphibious assault in history. the surprise attack on enemy positions extended along a 50 mile coast. the vaishls were staggering. the allies needed opt mall landing and beach conditions, a full moon, low tide and moderate waves.

this and the unprecedented scale prompted to write a noet that he would release to press. my decision to attack at this time and this place was based on the best information available. the troops, the air, the navy ike never had to release this note. the invasion was a success. secured the beachhead and turned the tide of the war.

in addition to servicemen, those dying on the beaches, the red cross and other medics who atepided the wounded under dire conditions and even small bands of photographers who were all but unarmed. they were brave in ways we cannot even imagine. each person along the chain of command played his role and had to summon courage that perhaps he never knew he had. had the operation faild, the world would have been a very different place. 20 years after the invasion, my grandfather returned to

normandy. on his visit to the american cemetery, low kated at the top of the bloodiest beach of the invasion, the scene was quiet. serene. gazing at the gross crosses in the stars of david lined up in perfect rows, he said, "when i look at these graves, i think of the parents in the states whose only son is buried here. because of their sacrifice, they don't have the pleasure of grandchildren. because of their sacrifice, my grand children are growing up in freedom. and then he said i hope that we will never have to see such scenes as these. for those of us gathered here today, i say it is our duty to those who gave their lives and veterans that are here with us today, that we do all we can to keep the story of d-day alive for our grandchildren. to imbue in them a sense of hope that together, people from differing backgrounds, our

allies, that we, together, can stand and work towards a common cause. for d-day tells us that in doing so, we can accomplish more than we ever thought possible. we are indebted to those brave men and women who secured the victory. we must repay them to be counted on when the moment comes for us to act. thank you very much. [ applause ] thank you, susan. i'm honored to introduce our final speaker today. toby served as a fighter pilot in the united states air force reserve. since leaving the air force, is a principle with rose velt resources.

he is married with a one-year-old son who is in the audience tonight and a three-year-old daughter who is also here, his beautiful family here in the front row. thank you for being with us today. toby, the podium is yours. >> i would like to say thank you to the friends of the national world war ii memorial for inviting me to this ceremony today. i would also like to thank the audience for being here to commemorate the 70th anniversary of d-day. on june 6st, 1944 u i, of course, had not been born. my father was 7 years old. it is likely he had not yet gone to bed, he had listened to his grandfather pray before the country that evening.

among it many legacies, a better world. where people reaffirmed at great costs. the central ideas of the rule of law, the idea of which this country was founded. at a time of the outcome of great contests to sustain those values hung in the balance. the president of the united states chose not to make a speech. but with 2 people of this nation to make a solid request of the all mighty. defined by humble acknowledgemented of the limits of man and man's ultimate independence upon a just, all-powerful loving god. for those like me, who have aulgsz lived within the like of that war's tran sen dent outc e

outcome, it is all too common to never have graphs or to have been taught the central character of world war ii. the united states and its allies faced a real existential threat. television a fear those born later had never known. the ideas which undergurd our lives and which we take as givens are not givens at all. that despite this country's great trejts, as an embodiment of those ideas, the united states remains a delicate experiment. one of the many wonderful aspects of our democratic capitalistic system, is that no matter what each of us does, simply by working and by come

peeting hard, each of us contributes to this country's vie bran sill and strength. however, we compare to the sacrifices of men on the beaches that day, few of us have given much to mert the freedoms and protections we have enjoyed our entire lives. freedoms and protections we love. freedoms and protections that we take for granted and freedoms and protections which the vast majority tlout history have never known. when we were born, these were simply handed to us. on june 6th, the invasion of normandy was officially announced. as word spread early morning, church bells rang, spontaneous gathering took place. and, throughout the day, churches and synagogues swelled as people took to me in prayer.

that evening, the president went on the air. the white house had earlier distributed his prayer in order that the audience could pray alongside commander in chief. an estimated 100 million americans did so. if you could excuse the accent, the following are his words. my fellow americans, last night, when i spoke with you about the fall of rome, i knew at that moment that troops of the united states and our allies were crossing the channel in another and greater operation. it has come to pass with success thus far. so in this poignant hour, i ask you to join with me in prayer. all mighty god, our sons, pride

of our nation, this day have set upon a mighty endeavor, a struggle to preserve our republic, our religion, and our civilization.religion, and our civilization. and to set free a suffering humanity. lead them straight and true. give strength to their arms. stoutness to their hearts. steadfastness in their faith. they will need thy blessings. their road will be long and hard for the enemy is strong. he may hurl back our forces, success may not come with rushing speed, but we shall return again and again, and we know that by thy grace, and by the righteousness of our cause, our sons will triumph.

they will be so tried by night and by day without rest until the victory is won. the darkness will be rent by noise and flame. men's souls will be shaken with the violences of war. for these men are lately drawn from the ways of peace. they fight not for the lust of conquest, they fight to end conquests. they fight to liberate. they fight to let justice arise and tolerance and goodwill among all thy people. they yearn for the end of battle for their return to the haven of home. some will never return. embrace these, father, and

receive them, thy heroic servants into thy kingdom. and for us at home, fathers, mothers, children, wives, sisters, brothers of brave men overseas whose thoughts and prayers are ever with them, help us almighty god to rededicate ourselves and renewed faith in thee in this hour of great sacrifice. many people have urged i call the nation into a single day of special prayer but because the road is long and the desire is great i ask that our people devote themselves in a continuance of prayer. as we rise to each new day, and again when each day is spent, let words of prayer beyond our lips invoking thy help to our efforts. give us strength too, strengthen our daily tasks to redouble the

contributions we make in the physical and material support of our armed forces. and let our hearts be stout to wait out the long travail, to bear sorrows where they may come. and o lord give us faith. give us faith in thee, faith in our sons, faith in each other, faith in our united crusade. let not the keenness of our spirit ever be dull, let not the impacts of temporary events of temporal matters of a fleeting moment, let not these deter us in our unconquerable purpose. with thy blessing, we shall prevail over the unholy forces

of our enemy. help us to conquer the apostles of greed and racial arrogance. leave us to the saving of our country and with our sister nations into a world unity that will spell a sure peace, a peace invulnerable to the screamings of unworthy men and a men that let all men live in freedom letting them reap the just rewards of their toil. thy will to be done, almighty god. amen. [ applause ] that morning, though no one knew it yet, a new much brighter day broke for generations born and unborn, including a 7-year-old grandson in texas. as rick atkinson described as

the invasion fleet steamed east through darkness for the waiting dawn for this moment mother nature set aside her famous indifference, hallelujah sang the sea. hallelujah, hallelujah. to the world war ii veterans here today, we are so lucky for you. may we now and in the future live up to your standard and live up to what you have conferred upon us. thanks. [ applause ] >> ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated as we'll now prepare for the official wreath laying ceremony at the freedom wall. only presenters will be allow during the ceremony. at this time also we would like to recognize another honor

flight. kansas city honor flight over on the left side, if they could stand. the honor flight from kansas city, world war ii veterans, thank you for being here with us today. [ applause ] ladies and gentlemen, we will now hear a poem written by oscar award-winni award-winning narrator peter thomas. we have a recording of this wonderful poem narrated by mr. thomas. the poem is called "omaha beach." ♪ >> when we went in the beach had been taken. the living fought on.

the dead forsaken. we were dropped into water up to our shoulders. we waded in. a group of green soldiers on to that thin strip of beach. so many had tried to reach. they were the ones who went in first. among the machine gunfire and shell bursts. they went to watery graves. sinking beneath the waves. the water was red. red from the dead. red from the dying and agony crying. those who made the land were not able to stand, we fell on the sand, writhing in pain, screaming for help in vain. every advantage was on the hill.

they killed our men at will. the rain of death from the cliffs never stopped. never stopped. but we, we just kept coming in from the sea. wave after wave. as far as you could see. sheer courage and determination. not believing they were done. dictated the victory that day. others in the future will say when they stand on that mighty hike and look down on that thin strip of beach they will say i don't see how they ever did it.

they fought for every inch of it. up the fortified walls, over those cliffs so tall. i'll never forget that beach. i'll never forget the men in the ships, in the air, and on the land, and those who died on the sand and in the water. they lie now beneath thousands of white crosses and stars of david above the beach. those wonderful soldiers who died so young, they died so we could be free. how can we ever forget what they

did. we honor them this day. we salute them. and we humbly beseech dear god lest the man that died omaha beach. ♪ up next on c-span 3's american history tv, a look back at the fall of the berlin wall. then a discussion on human radiation experiments conducted by the pentagon from the end of world war ii through the cold war. later a conversation on the presidency of george h.w. bush and the end of the cold war. with live coverage of the house on c-span and senate on c-span 2 here on c-span3 we compliment that coverage by showing you the most relevant congressional hearings and