historian brian drake explores barry goldwater's commitment to environmental conservation. he was the presidential nominee and 64 -- in 1964. this is american history tv on c-span3. artifacts,american our second -- the second part of our visit to the national firearms museum. we join the exam director in the civil war gallery. >> we are entering the civil war hillary's. my left represents the union and the right my -- the confederacy. we see numerous examples of the carbines the union was using. this was a time of rapid advance in firearms designed.

this is one of the carbines used in the raid on harpers ferry by john brown. exhibit illustrates the manufacturing might of the north. they could turn out hundreds of thousands of well fitted, will many factored firearms. well l many of -- manufactured firearms. the manufacturing capability was one of the north's strengths in the civil war. hand did on the other not have the industrial might that the north had.

the new england and the connecticut river valley was the home of dozens of gun manufacturers. so many wereld, needed by the union army that 33 different manufacturers were turning up the identical rifle purchase by the union army. the confederates were left up to their own. they had a few places, harpers ferry, when they ask we had possession of it. richmond had a factory along the james river. and if you in north carolina, georgia, and texas. they could hardly supply the needs of the confederacy. they got most of the guns either captured in battle or imported from overseas. in finest infantry rifle the world was from britain.

they bought a quarter million. they were the most favored long arm of the civil war. at the end of the day, when the war came to a conclusion in 1865, general lee said after four years of arduous service, unsurpassed by courage and fortitude, the army of northern virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. gone on ford have years had he asked his men to take to the mountains and conduct a guerrilla campaign. it came to a conclusion after he wrote those orders and after victory parades, a number of union officers got together and tried to evaluate what had happened during the four years. once the numbers were being crunched, which took a long time to actually evaluating, there

were over 650,000 casualties in the war. deadyou look at outright at the battlefield, there were 75,000 dead confederates in 150,000 dead union soldiers. that is gunshot, artillery, and bayonet wounds. 221, yankees over confederates -- two to one, yankees over confederates. a lot of officers were running -- realizing it was a near run thing. the confederacy's had been out resourced on everything, except for accuracy and marksmanship. they felt that if the national emergency ever came about, there was a need to increase the marksmanship skills of the standing arm.

not only would that pay dividends on the battlefield, it also cuts down on the amount of training to indoctrinate sectors -- soldiers. if we had a nation of rifleman, we would stand a better chance to survive the next national emergency. clemensrs before samuel issued his novel tom sawyer, where tom encourages his friends to find the fun in whitewashing thatence, the gentleman formed the national rifle association felt we could increase marksmanship by making a competition out of it. they organize the association to promote marksmenship in the armed forces and also throughout civilians. if we make it a competition, it will be something people want to dissipate in.

-- participate in. by 1876, should income petitions were the largest spectator sport. that was the birth of the nra and remains one of our primary aims and objectives. amongmote marksmanship the armed forces and civilian populations. the gallery showing the arms of the american west. here are the guns that are thought of as the guns that won the west. the winchester rifles. the colt army revolvers along with other cults. -- colts. case, we see the other manufacturers that played a significant role. the kennedy and marlon. the remington handguns. the remington single shotgun.

it played a major role with the buffalo hunters. also the smith and wesson revolver's. smith & wesson was actually turning out more revolvers than colt was. both were very popular. there are numerous other examples of guns used in the west. other manufacturers are well presented. our newest exhibit is a set of artifacts from theodore roosevelt's home. while they are working on the renovation, they have lent us the firearms and other artifacts. aboutwill show you more what we got from the national park service.

back when the museum was being designed, we wanted to take a corner of the museum and focus on the life of theodore chiefelt, our 26th executive. and life member of the nra. we decided to replicate the library from sagamore hill. his daughter said the library was the heart heat of the house. -- heartbeat of the house. it is where the family gathered to read to each other and tell each other stories of the day. ofreas theodore had cases books, we traded those in for gun cases. those were in the fourth floor study of the house, but it was this room that was literally the oval office of the summer white

2-1908.om that you know -- from 1902-1908. we are fortunate to have won 15 original priceless treasures from his home on display. this is the working desk of the 1908.dent from 1902- trappings of his african safari scene with one of the seven liens he shot. the rhinoceros horns. the safari was not just for trophies to decorate his house. with the smithsonian institution exam of natural history. my favorite pieces are the gatling gun. guns thate of four accompanied roosevelt and the roughriders to cuba. one of the most important guns

in american military history is right behind it. lust for over 114 years. for over 114 years. the first machine gun used by the u.s. army in military combat. it is a 1895 browning automatic rifle, called the potato digger. it was privately purchased, given to the regiment and taken to cuba. by specific gun was donated the older sisters of one of roosevelt's roughriders. they just happened to be the grand daughters of john jacob astor. one of the first machine gun's ever used in

military combat by the u.s. army. this cap that, we are fortunate to have on displayed a tunic, stetson hat, and calgary -- cavalry saber. referred to as mr. president for the rest of his life when he leaves the white house. there are two exceptions. general eisenhower preferred to be called general eisenhower. and somebody said, we will miss you, mr. president to theodore roosevelt. he said, no, howard taft is your president. i am now just colonel roosevelt. he preferred to be remembered as ehe colonel commending th

regiment of volunteers. the roughriders. a wonderful opportunity for the national firearms museum to be the temporary custody and of these national treasures literally from our nation's attic. earned the medal of honor at utah beach. the second oldest son died at fort richardson, alaska in 1943. his third son received twice, both in world war i and world war ii theory be understood and first to pass, a fighter pilot shot down by the germans over france

in 1918. the firearms used in the service for recreation around sagamore still wonderful examples and artifacts we can literally look at, reach back and touch the past. perhaps one of my favorite stories is of this winchester model 94. there is a silencer mounted. third son said father liked to take this gun out hunting early in the morning , dispatching varmints with it. if created little noise and tended not to wake the neighbors . if you can imagine someone on their lawn in oyster bay, new silenced rifle

dispatching rabbits. quite a difference a hundred years has made. think of a better transitional figure from the 19th century to 20th century. we move into the galleries focusing on the 20th century with a focus on the bolt action rifle. beginning in the later part of the 19th century. for prototypes that the mauser theirrs used to develop bolt action rifle. we pay homage to other firearms designers such as browning. the greatest firearms designer who ever lived. and going up to a more modern designer, the founder of the ruger company. arguably the first firearms model 99, a savage

lever action rifle. when he went and saw a job at springfield armory, instead of a resume, he brought in this rifle. he was hired on the spot. one of the great leaps forward in the design of firearms began to take place in the 1880's when we transitioned from black powder to smokeless powder. most of the guns had been muzzleloading. that was with black powder, which left a thick oily residue. with a rifle, after some he shots, that would tended to restrict the aperture of the barrel. it became hard to ram a round from the muzzle to the breach. that is why breach loaders were so important. tokeless powder allows you fire more rapidly because the

inner workings of the gun are not being gummed up with that residue. an american living in london developed the machine gun. with one pull of a trigger, it firing of multiple rounds. rates of fire go anywhere from 400-1200 rounds a minute. development of smokeless powder, america finds itself involved in the first world war in 1917 with new types of firearms that they had not used before. by world war ii, through the efforts of the springfield armory, the m1 rifle was the only semi automatic infantry rifle that was standard issue to

the military of any country in world war ii. other countries had semi oddie maddux -- semi automatics, but the u.s. armed all of our guys with the m1 rifle, making some 5 million of them. general patton called it the best battle rifle ever devised. key factor in our quest for victory over fascism in the spring and summer of 1945 . moving to the galleries that show the firearms of the competition's shooting sports, starting with traps in skeet. -- and skeet. moving to the firearms for olympic competitions. them.ld medals won with we are into some of the fun aspects of the natural --

national firearms museum, eranning with ithis 1950's kid's room. i had the cowboy bedspread. i definitely wanted the covered wagon nightlight. she was sure it was -- my mom was sure it would set the house on fire. we have an original coney island shooting diary. established in the early 20th century. it went from steam powered to electric powered. ♪ this is one of the most popular galleries in the national firearms museum.

everyone loves the movies. in here, we have over 120 guns from 80 years of hollywood films. beginning with the first revolver used by john wayne and his first credited role. moving through oscar winners such as the hurt locker and in no country for old men. there are classics like the rifle used in stagecoach. and dirty harry's revolver. when you talk about famous movie lines, famous guns in movies, go ahead, make my day. the 44 magnum is the most widely recognized firearm on earth. made popular by dirty harry films. some of them are just a rubber guns. these are the guns you see being

thrown into the river. great sound editing makes it sound like real guns. a lot of great pieces. bruce willis and mel gibson both use the same and nine beretta -- lethal weapon and diehard. we have a props from -- one of the props from star wars. tom selleck is a benefactor. he has lent us guns from his personal collection and guns he has used in a number of films like quigley down under. we have three of the guns he had p.i. series.magnum

the gatling gun was used in "gun ga din." is a gun used in alamo."ie "the l one of my favorite westerns is "the wild bunch." stars is of the real this browning watercooled belt fed machine gun. peckinpah went through a quarter of a million blanks using this gun in the final scene of the great shootout at the mexican general's headquarters. youou look at the ammo box, can see some of the fake blood splatter. but splashed on the ammo box during the final scene.

two closings that with the hollywood guns, for someone that grew up in a house that was not firearms from a, there were no guns in the house, it was through the movies and television that i gained my love and admiration for firearms. all the military and cowboy farms. connection with the stars of the silver screen, most of us before we had an opportunity to fire a real firearm. in the hunting galleries, we have our largest rifle and largest shotgun. rifle.le is a fullbore

it throws a quarter pound of lead with each shot. this particular rifle was used by stanley on the expedition to find dr. livingston. across from it, we have a shotgun exhibit. on the bottom is a massive shotgun. this was not fired from the shoulder. it would be loaded with up to a pound of lead shot and was used to 100vesting up waterfowl. banned,e of firearm was but for a number of years, it for salevide waterfowl to markets and restaurants. one of the last galleries is dedicated to law enforcement. this is where we have the other brackets are

firearm stories at the museum. mostis from one of the impressive guns to look at -- this is not one of the most impressive guns to look at it initially. it was touch -- carried into the world trade center on september 11, 2001. out, leter never came the rollover was recovered from the ashes. the officer had been a strong supporter of the nra. his family wanted us to have it. we display it here with great as a in a place of honor reminder of those who put their lives on the line to serve and protect. this is a story of americans and their guns. we want them to leave with a newfound appreciation of the

role firearms have paid for our nation's history. to create ability firearms that enabled us to manufacture anything at all during world war ii and stopped fascism in its tracks. they played a huge part in the development of the nation. teaching men and women to shoot to defend themselves. is acans and their guns significant and seminal part of american history. for more information about the national firearms museum and the nra, visit their website, nr a -- this is american history tv. all weekend, every weekend on c-span three.

>> all weekend long, american history tv is joining our charter cable partners to showcase the history of wyoming's capital, cheyenne. to learn more about the cities local 2014 to her, -- tour, visit our website. tour ofnue with our cheyenne. >> this is it. we are washing the wagons for the event next saturday. cheyenne frontier days.