wisconsin. ofs is a collection of historic buildings important to northeast wisconsin. brought here in the mid-1970's. the park opened in 1977. we have about 43 structures, 25 of which are historic. ro the structure is the oldest wooden house in wisconsin. the buildings surrounding us are the four howard buildings from the historic four howard here at green bay. the one over here is the detached kitchen. the one behind me is actually a replica of our school -- the four howard schoolhouse. the four howard hospital over here to my right is in 1836 structure. over to the south here is the four howard guardhouse, our

newest construction or restoration project at heritage from 1833. four howard was originally located at the mouth of the fox river. areairst occupants of that were actually french. 1816 it was commissioned as the united states for as four howard. it was established right after the war of 1812 to protect commerce and the for trading industry. inconsin became a territory 1836. prior to that it was part of michigan territory. , we became a state. , it was following determined by the u.s. government that the fort really had no further purpose here in the green bay area. it was decommissioned in 1863.

still owned by the u.s. government until 1865. in 1865 they did sell it to the chicago northwestern railroad, the property in the buildings. at that time the railroad had plans of laying track. by 1866, the buildings had been moved out of the fort rock per into some of the surrounding neighborhoods. some are disassembled and moved out of state. very few survived. the first ones were brought here in 1975. the four howard hospital was actually in two separate pieces. it sat on property in green bay and at that time was used as a museum. it was floated down on a barge in 1975, brought here to heritage hill in its early development. most recently are four howard guardhouse was brought here in 2009.

last year it was set at its current location and is currently under restoration. wasas a residence, so it cared for. it was wrapped in more modern material. it was hard to identify that it was a historic building. we are approaching what is called the four howard guardhouse comp >>. original ford the howard guardhouse. off to the right is a reconstructed fort howard commander's office. in the far portion of his office where he worked out of. in the first part is the library. the first room would be the guards ran. -- guard's room. last year we built the foundation and put it up on the

foundation and reconstructed the twin commander's office. the below, this is called sally port. there are six jail cells per side as you enter the sally port. two great gates on the front and two on the back. the is what is called connector deck arch. it would have been for weather protection for the guards. this would have been looking out over the fox river. it would have had a good perspective view of the bay and of downriver from the fort. this is actually the entrance into the historic fort howard. these buildings would have been considered the second generation four howard buildings. the original fort was built of long buildings in 1816. by the late 1820's the commander was writing washington, d.c.

stating that the buildings were falling into disrepair and writing that they should be reconstructed. the fourw entering howard guardhouse. this is 1833, original fort howard building. we just currently finished the woodwork and will shortly be plastering over the lath. you can see where we have placed in some areas where major additions had been placed. lath ande original here is the placed in area. we try to keep as much of the historic material as we possibly can. one interesting note is this piece of wood here which we a real this is actually fort howard piece of flooring to this islding, 1833, and from fort howard soldiers at the time. that was encapsulated inside a

wall or covered by a wall that was erected later in the building's history. so the construction of that wall actually preserved that piece of flooring. the flooring that you see next to it is actually a replica flooringthat replaced that we took out that was really in bad condition and that was .ot from the fort howard period usually we can determine if the show that you nailed a piece of wood into timber. when we remove that piece of wood and there's no other holes in that timber below, indications like that will tell us that is an original piece. you really have to be observant when you are removing or making alterations of a structure to get to the original material.

you really don't want to miss anything. you have to question everything you see. little details can tell you a lot, if there is a little speck ,f paint on a piece of lath that might tell you there had been a piece of trim there with that color. so it's the little details like that that you have to really pay attention to as you are doing restoration. away the layers, i'm going back in history. knowing that i'm going to at some point uncover the original fabric of the building, that's what makes it very interesting and appealing. with every piece of material that you remove, there are it,ting things under exciting observations, like the floorboard we talked about before. it's so interesting, because that may not have been seen since the day it was constructed. you think about the people that

constructed that piece, they were the last people to see that. 1833. that's what makes it interesting, that connection you feel to the past at that point is what really drives me. what's next is we will be plastering the interior here. we will let that to her for a bit and then ultimately -- let it cure for a bit. 2015 it will be painted. >> throughout the weekend, american history tv is featuring green bay, wisconsin. are staffed recently traveled there to learn about it rich history. to learn more about green bay and other cities on the tour, go localcontent..org/ you're watching american history

tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. of the south, resignation of wartime powers, and transition to peace gave rise to tensions between republican and democratic members of both houses. gregory downs explains how they navigated those challenges, which continued to play out for many years. this is a portion of the 2014 civil war this is about 45 minutes. >> our next speaker is gregory downs who is an associate professor of history at the city college and graduate center of the city university of new york and his first book was "declarations of dependens, the long reconstruction of popular politics in the south, 1861-1908." his next book will be on the ends of the war, fighting the civil war after