because southern soldiers came home from fighting still fighting. [ applause] >> this weekend on the c-span networks, tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern, a town hall meeting on the media's coverage of event in ferguson, missouri at harriet stowe university in st. louis. and historian richard norton smith on his recent biography of nelson rockefeller. tonight at 10:00 on book tv's afterwards author and commentator jake halpern on collection practices of the industry. and the southern festival of books. tonight at 8:00 on american history tv on c-span 3, the life and legacy of booker t. washington. sunday afternoon at 4:00, from 1964, a joint armed forces readiness operation between the u.s. and iran. when the two countries were

allies. find our television schedule at c-span.org and let us know what you think about the programs you're watching. call us at 202-626-3400. e-mail us at comments oit c-span.org or send a tweet at c-span # comments. join the c-span conversation. like us on facebook. ollow us on twitter. c-span's 2015 student cam competition is under way. this nationwide competition for middle and high school students will award 150 prizes totaling $100,000. create a five to seven-minute documentary on the topic the three branches and you. videos need to include c-span programming, show varying points of view, and must be submitted by january 20th, 2015. go to student cam.org for more information. grab a camera and get started today. >> all weekend long american history tv is joining our time

warner cable partners to show case the history of green bay, wisconsin. to learn more about the cities and our 2014 tour, visit c-span.org/local content. and we continue now with our look at the history of green bay. this is american history tv on -span 3. speaking in foreign language] >> i must speak english because you don't understand french. welcome to heritage hill. you've come to learn more about the fur trade. i have on my counter all the different furs involved in the fur trade. he otter, the bob cat, the adger, the fox, the muskrat,

the skunk, the beaver, and the bear. but the most important animal for the fur trade was the beaver. the beaver was important because of its fine under fur that made excellent felt for hats. and hats were very popular in europe. and the problem in europe is they were pretty much hunted out of existence there. the fur trade had to go somewhere and america ended up being a very good place. because there were a lot of beavers. well, the first european influence in the area in this area of wisconsin was jean nicollette. he was an explorer sent here by champlain to look for the northwest passage to the orient and of course that never was to be but he did run into the winnebago tribe. jean nicolet already knew the value of a pelt because the fur trade was just starting up. he had already been working for

a fur trade company earlier. when he came to this area and met the winnebagos they actually gave him a feast. in one feast they say six score beavers were in the feast. o 120 beavers. he knew right away there were a lot of beavers in the area so when he got back and reported people interested in that said here is a place we could go. in this air only the native americans were doing the trapping. there was not many europeans. there were hardly any europeans at all. the french set up outposts right in the indians' back yard. the fur trade cabin during the fur trade was used as a business and a residence for the first traders. he french called their traders bouguois. he would live here, set up his life in this wilderness, and

indians would come to him in the spring of the year to do the trading. they would bring their furs that they had been trapping and hunting all winter long, bring them into the cabin, and this was where the trade would happen. they were giving the indians trade goods that were mostly coming from europe. it was technology that was not available to the indians so by this whole trade, the indians went from stone age to iron age. because now they were starting to do things with a lot better tools. for instance, they could now have a thalk-khristine oshevich tomahawk or ax -- tomahawk or ax blade made out of metal. the beads are going to be porcelain and glass coming from europe. the colors available especially like the dark blues are just not even available in nature.

but, also, the ornate glass beads were very desirable to he native americans. they could show they had a very successful year because not only did they provide the things they really needed but a bead was something they wanted. just like today. luxuries are how people who are prosperous show they are prosperous. these were definitely luxuries to the native americans. one trade that was very popular too was vermilleon. it's a powder made from minerals. the native americans would mix it with grease and make their war paint. so in that respect the fur trade isn't really changing the way that the native americans live but it's just making it more convenient and easy

because vermilleon made a lot brighter color and made them look a lot more fierce when they put war paint on. back at this time in history roads were not existing. to get around you had to go by water. and the bay of green bay connects to lake michigan and we're also on the fox river. so transportation was easy north and south. right here is where green bay would be. the rendevous the area where things were transferred back and forth was all the way up over here in macinac. during the same time period, in the spring of the year, all of the trade goods are coming from , off the map here, in montreal, but across this area where there's a lot of portages and pretty difficult travel all

of the way across and then into lake huron and over to macinac in larger boats called canoe montreals. everything is transferred. so now all the large boats are going to take all the furs back. and get back in time before it gets too cold. and all of the trade goods are going to come in the smaller canoes back with the trader and his voyagers back to green bay to be traded with the native americans. the fur trade was active in the green bay area for nearly 200 years. it was prosperous for all the different nationalities that were involved in the fur trade. first the french. then the british. then the americans. the way that the french ran the fur trade was probably the best way that anybody could run the fur trade. they really understood the indians. they, at least as far as the

indians thought, they really cared about them. they took on their customs. there was a really good culture -- cultural exchange. they intermarried with the native americans and started a whole nother group of people. those were the people involved in the fur trade even coming into the british period. people of indian and french descent. now, britain kind of came into play around here right after the french and indian war because they won it. the french were still involved in the fur trade as far as being the traders. so the people actually still dealing with the native americans were the french here but now they had to answer to the british as far as, you know, what is fair trade and where they would receive their licenses and that respect. john jakeon as tore started the

american fur trade company and its effect in green bay is pretty long reaching. when he was working with the local traders here, he was charging them more for goods and he was giving them less money for their furs. now because of that they have to borrow money from him year ter year and because of that borrowing of money they get in debt to him to the point where they basically now have to sell their land to them. the land they sold to him became the town of astor. that became a large part of what was later to become green bay. the fur trade really started declining in the middle part of the 1800's. in this area the decline of the fur trade kind of happened in a couple different ways. on the supply side we were pretty much hunting ourselves out of bever.

now muskrat became the main animal for the fur trade at the end. in europe in the demand side now people are going to silk ats and because of that, there was not as much of a demand for the beaver. once the demand happened it kind of changed everybody's lives because now the traders are out of a job. now the native americans have to find another way to survive. kind of added tension to everybody's life. they couldn't go on as usual. green bay is on the map because of the fur trade. because people came here at that time and then stayed. >> throughout the weekend american history tv is . aturing green bay, wisconsin

our city tour staff recently traveled there to learn more about its rich history. to learn more go to c-span.org/local content. you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span 3. our campaign 2014 coverage continues with a week full of debates. on c-span monday night at 8:00 eastern the georgia governor's debate between governor nathan deal and democrat jason carter and the montana u.s. senate debate with republican steve daines and democrat amanda kurtis. tuesday night at 9:00 the south carolina governors debate between five candidates. governor nicki haley, vincent shaheen, independent tom ervin, independent steve french, and independent morgan reeves. thursday night live at 8:00 iowa debate between republican steve can

king and democrat jim mowrer. c-span debate 2014. more than 100 te baits -- debates for the control of congress. >> each week american history tv sits in on a leckclur with a college professor. you can watch the classes every saturday evening at 8:00 p.m. and midnight eastern. next mercer university professor chester fontenot talks about booker t. washington's early years at tuscaloosa university and looks at his platform which encouraged african-americans to create their own economic base. while he established many institutions such as the national negro business league he also had opposition to his ideas both during his lifetime and since. professor fontenot compares the ideas and tactics of booker t. washington and martin luther king jr. this class is about an hour and 20 minutes. >> remember we have been

talking about booker t. washington and some of you disagree that washington in fact is a similar figure that i have insisted that he is. because i made a statement in class that many of you when i said washington was the most important and most influential african-american leader until the election of president barack obama. he is even more significant in some ways because booker t. washington was never elected to public office. president barack obama was elected president of the united states and he is not a black leader. he is a leader of the free world and also the leader of course of our country. when we look at african-american leadership coming out of the 19th century into the 20th and even the 21st sen scli i maintain