all my friends told me take a lot of photos. >> i took like five. >> oh, thank you. >> while i was talking. >> there's a young lady. >> just to remind people that several of the books written by our presenters are on sale outside. >> right. >> during the lunch period. they will also be on sale i believe during the break in the afternoon. and then you have some interviews. >> correct, and we're going to also -- we're going to come back -- when you come back from break, you can bring your lunch in here and eat, but eat neatly, if you would, and you can also watch right back on the monitor some of the chrp interviews. we're live with an online connection so come back and be prepared to go and i don't have a schedule. 1:15, yes, correct. so 45 minutes, be back and we'll >> the berlin wall fell 25 years ago in 1989. we will revisit that historic

day next sunday beginning at 8 p.m. eastern. reaction from senate leaders, bob dole and george mitchell, and speeches from president 63 that galvanized berliners and the free world. that's next sunday at 8 p.m. on american history tv. all we get long, american history tv is featuring colorado springs colorado. explorer zebulon hike is credited with pike's peak. cable partners work with staff who recently traveled to colorado springs to explore the city's rich history. more about colorado springs all weekend here on american history tv. >> to best understand who

spencer penrose the man was, i have a quote from his obituary. it says he was more than a community builder and philanthropist, he was a personality, a spirit, a being such as the pike's peak region had never seen before and will never see again. it was a scholar and a gentleman, a rugged individualist, a man apart. as vigorous and yesterday as the great pioneering west that he loved. he knew his own mind and he experienced it. in my own words, who is spencer penrose? i think of him more in terms of his legacy to the community. probably two of his most obvious legacies are he build the broadmoor hotel in 1918. one of the finest resorts in the world right here at the foot of pike's peak. he created the foundation, being apple orchard in spanish, and that was named after his home. where he lived, near the

broadmoor hotel. that foundation he started in 1937, two years before his death with $21 million. today it has grown to a $580 million. over those years, it is given away over $500 million in grants. that is almost 13,000 grants to charities in the state of colorado only. spencer penrose was born in 1865 in philadelphia, pennsylvania. he was one of seven boys born to richard af penrose and sarah boys. the seven boys, four of them lived to adulthood. all four were very prominent in their adulthood. and he came from a prominent family in philadelphia. his other three brothers, one followed his father being a doctor. at philadelphia children's hospital. the second one, boise penrose,

was a u.s. senator for the state of pennsylvania for almost 30 years. the third brother, dick penrose, was a well-known geologist who traveled around the world. spencer penrose was the youngest of the brothers. he went to harvard, like all penrose is at that time. when he graduated, he had no interest in the family business, staying in philadelphia. he traveled out west, starting in texas. he worked at a copper mine in chino, arizona. he ended up in a fruit and vegetable stand, managing it. in truth or consequences new mexico. and then, fortunate for him, because he did not know what he was doing, he got contacted by his brother, dick penrose. his brother was in denver and told him about his childhood friend, charles, who was in colorado springs and had been in colorado springs for eight years. himself coming in 1884.

and so literally about a month later, spencer penrose arrived in colorado springs and that started a lifelong partnership between the two gentlemen. it just so happened that when dick penrose reintroduced spencer to his longtime childhood friend, chaz tutt, that was just the beginning of cripple creek and the gold rush. so it was perfect timing for penrose to come up to colorado springs, so much so that when he arrived, my great-grandfather had just found a mine called the cash on delivery mine. the c.o.d. the c.o.d. mine was the same gold vein across cripple creek. bob was a gentleman who actually found gold in cripple creek.

my great-grandfather sold mr. penrose half interest in the c.o.d. mine for $500 and loan him the money. our records of the foundation show that spencer penrose, starting about 1909, frankly as we are starting to build up towards world war i and there is great demand for copper. he was getting dividends himself of over a million dollars every year. that was not only a lot of money today but it was significant act then. -- back then. and so he started to enjoy the life of newly found wealth in the west. he bought a place in paris. he had a place in hawaii on diamondhead. but he had a vision for bringing basically the east coast, philadelphia and his friends out to colorado springs, colorado. he could not convince them to come out and see the beauty of

the region, so what he thought is what if i brought philadelphia and new york to colorado? so he envisioned this idea of building a resort. so in 1916 he envisioned the broadmoor hotel so that he could convince his friends to come out. he wanted to have a familiar background for them. and so he chose an architect called warren and wentmore, who had just finished building grand central station in new york. he hired two of the artisans who painted the ceiling. in grand central station in new york. he had these two paint the ceilings of the broadmoor hotel. he wanted the grounds to be beautiful and feel like some glorious estate on the east coast. he hired a landscape firm who six years earlier had just finished a nice new park in new york called central park. and so he wanted to give them the feeling that they were back east, but have it in the setting of the pike's peak region. his sense of humor -- i gather he had a very dry sense of humor. there is one story that is pretty entertaining.

during prohibition time you -- he tried to bring attention to the fact the prohibition was terrible. he got this idea. and so one day this elephant showed up. and he said it was a gift of the maharaja. oh, yes, he had been to india, and there were pictures and photos of him riding elephants. and he said he was a guest. this maharaja gave him this elephant. called the empress of india. mr. penrose would paraded around colorado springs, celebrating any kind of event. to his friends he nicknamed it tessie. well, tessie was a pink stocking bar girl in the mining camp of cripple creek. and it turns out this elephant wasn't an empress of india, it was actually a discarded elephant from a circus in arkansas and he bought it and he promoted it to bring more attention to the pike's peak

region. he kept it actually in the paint barns of his broadmoor garage, where he fixed and repaired cars. but the elephant kept throwing the tires and breaking the cars and hitting people. he even had the elephant try to be a caddy on this golf course, but the superintendent got mad because he kept smashing the greens. so he had to find a place for the elephant. well, he decided to create the cheyenne mountain zoo right above the broadmoor hotel. the first animal in the zoo was tessie the elephant. turned out he also had seals in the lake he built behind the broadmoor hotel. unfortunately, the health codes and the seals would take food from the guests. and they did not appreciate that and the children got bit by the seals. they became the newest animals in the cheyenne mountain zoo. in 1926 he formed the cheyenne mountain zoo.

he endowed it. it has been supported by the foundation ever since. it is now a community-based zoo. this year it was rated number five by a national organization. spencer penrose was known as a flamboyant character who liked a good drink and loved to entertain people with great parties. he was actually very shy and reserved, so much so that the "colorado springs evening gazette," the local paper, used to talk about him all the time about the things going on at the broadmoor. he got so fed up that he told them to stop it. they ignored it. in the late 1920's, he bought the newspaper and said keep doing what you are doing but you can no longer report on me. and he wanted to keep his private life private. i guess you can't do that today. the legacy of spencer penrose starts with that $21 million he gave in 1937 and 1939. the 500 and $5 million to be