film d cat -- this 1963 events -- .gency film details of events >> on the other side of this , the communist government will not let them out. walls of them built to keep out invading armies. wall to keepirst an entire country from fleeing. fleeing into west berlin.

if the guards were not successful, there was barbed wire. if they crossed that, there was the wall. and you reach the top of that, there was looking glass. -- broken glass. over 100 have been killed. all of the escape routes have been reinforced. the eastern guards had orders to shoot at each other if one tried to escape. jumpeds where people had to freedom, they had been sealed bth recs -- the wall separated more than a city.

it separated the world. on one side, people who were free to be christians, muslims, jews, or confucians. on the other lines -- on the other side, expression of any religion was discouraged or taken away. on june 26, a short distance from the wall and overlooking the east, the people of west berlin welcomed a visitor -- the president of the united states of america. ♪

[applause] >> thank you. there are many people in the world who really do not

understand or say they do not what is the great issue between the free world and the communist world. let them come to berlin. [applause] there are some who say -- there are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. let them come to berlin. [applause] and there are even if you -- even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil makem but it permits us to economic progress.

.et them come [applause] freedom has made difficulties and democracy is not perfect. but we have never had to put a wall up to keep out people in, to prevent them from leaving us. [applause] while the wall is the most obvious and vivid demonstration of the failures of the communist system, for all the world to see , we take no satisfaction in it.

, andur mayor has said offense not only against history, but an offense against humanity, dividing husbands and wives and brothers and sisters, and dividing a people who wish to be joined together. [applause] freedom is indivisible. enslaved, alls are not free. all free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of berlin. therefore, as a free man, i take pride in the words ich bin ein berliner.

[applause] >> 24 years after president

wall,y went to the berlin resident reagan followed in his footsteps and delivered his own rhetorical and political challenge to the soviet union on june 12, 1987. just two years later, the wall came down. now we continue on our look back 25 years to the fall of the berlin wall and the events that preceded the ending of the cold war. [applause] >> thank you. thank you very much. , governing mayor gentlemen, 20 and

four years ago, president john , speaking to the people of this city and the world at the city hall. since then, two other presidents have come to berlin. today, i myself make my second visit to your city. berlin because it is our duty to speak in this place of freedom. but i must confess we are drawn here by other things as well. by the feeling of history in this city. more than 500 years older than our own nation. grunwald andf the the deer garden. most of all, by courage and determination. perhaps the composer p