the nonviolent coordinating committee, and the march on ze the voting and rights march. tonight at 9:25 pm eastern time. >> a commemorative ceremony marks the 150th anniversary of the battle of cedar creek. place in shenandoah valley on october 19, 1864 and resulted in a union victory. it is about an hour and ten minutes. >> good evening. name is amy bracewell, and it is my pleasure to welcome and belle ar creek

grove national historic park. now, it is time to pause aand reflect on the o magnitude of what happened here 150 years ago. to set the stage for this commemoration, i would like to super intendant jim northrup to say a few words. [applause] >> well, good evening. as amy said, my name is jim northrup. it is my great privilege to serve as the superintendent. to join with amy and at belle grove plantation to welcome you and thank you for coming to this the important element in 150th anniversary events here at cedar creek. place, gathered at this in this moment, to remember exactly what happened here.

those remember all of who were killed or wounded on this battlefield. on october ou know, 19, 1864 a great battle was fought here. a battle that secured the valley for the union, and a battle that is credited with propelling abraham lincoln to reelection. we also talk a great deal about the interesting tactics -- ociated with the battle risky surprise attacks, the great success of the confederate forces in the famous ride from winchester, and the union counterattack. but what we don't talk about quite as much are the lives of the young men who fought here. men, from ely 46,000 twenty-five states -- seventeen eight for the and confederacy. approximately 1000 of whom were

killed or mortally wounded on this ground. with another 7600 wounded or captured. the second-largest and the second bloodiest battle fought in the shenandoah valley. in this ning, we gather signals setting with in the distance, and the beautiful belle grove behind us, to se remember those men, their bravery and their sacrifice, and the impact of the loss of their lives and their families that lasted for generations. creek and belle grove national historic park are not just about this battle. it is a park that tells the of the f this part shenandoah valley from native use of this landscape through a ettlement

rich agriculture period and the civil war and beyond. but today, we take a moment to only one thing -- to honor the men who fought and died here at cedar creek. we must never forget. welcome, and take you for joining us. [applause] ago at this moment, this field would have been filled with union camps. soldiers would have been sitting around the fire, talking about what has been going on. perhaps who would be the best candidate for the presidential election in three weeks. would lincoln be reelected? would mcclellan be the better choice? which candidate would bring the end to the war?

at the same time that the here at atmosphere was belle grove, the environment was completely different over at fishers hill. the air at fishersville was filled -- fishers hill was probably filled with electric energy. having their last meal before they would be marching through the night to camp -- unaware -- hhere at belle grove. hundred and fifty years ago tomorrow, this landscape will are wrapped with the sounds of war. him was will set with 1000 men lying in this field. by tomorrow evening, the union the iers will return to camp here -- victorious, but solemn. what took place here has changed the course of the shenandoah valley for the rest

of the war. at this place, we find the last major battle of the valley. that not only secure this quarter for the union, boosted votes for lincoln's reelection, and contributed to the end of the war. this place here, in the shenandoah valley, has significance for our local community, the commonwealth, and the nation. it affects our far-reaching and forever remembered. to recognize the impact of the battle of cedar creek on the commonwealth of virginia, the governor has issued a proclamation recognizing tomorrow as the 150th anniversary. here to read the proclamation, my pleasure to introduce kristin laise, the executive director of belle grove. [applause] in the authority

vested by the constitution of is hereby tthere officially recognized the 150th anniversary of the battle of cedar creek. where as the events of the left an r have oon our e mark commonwealth, and where as the events surrounding the war and the word itself led to the ultimate abolition of slavery, and where as the fertile shenandoah valley -- the bread of the confederacy -- campaigns epeated control over or its resources and access to during the civil war, and whereas the army of the valley -- under the direction of lieutenant general early -- initiated a surprise attack at on the early morning of october 19, 1864

the unprepared d.c., and my back to as major general sheridan's bold ride from winchester to the front tto rally the army of the shenandoah forever cemented his atus in american history as an iconic military general. and whereas the union army of aunched a doah l successful afternoon counterattack that marks the end of the confederate control of the shenandoah valley. and whereas more than 1000 union and confederate men were killed or captured that day. and whereas the deceased of the in the shenandoah was a turning point that led to preservation of our union, and the beginning of the end of our nation's bloodiest conflict. whereas 150 years later, virginia recognizes the

ificance of the battle of cedar creek, aand the outcome of the american civil war. i do hereby re, recognize october 19, 2014 as the 150th anniversary of the battle of cedar creek in our commonwealth of virginia. and i call this observance to the attention to all of our citizens. [applause] >> thank you, kristin. tonight, it is my distinct honor to introduce our keynote speaker. ong list of accolades distinctions to read about, i want to rst ones share our that he is a passionate scholar on the battle of cedar creek. supporter of the spark, -- of this park, and an active participant in chairing the history of this place. a professor of history at

the community college here in town. editor of author and eight books, including the g book "the battle of cedar creek". d of rves on the boar director for the current battlefield association. to is my extreme honor introduce johnson noyalas. [applause] >> thank you, amy. professor who has spent about the past decade of my professional career and writing about commemoration here in the shenandoah valley, i feel a of honor and stand here this evening as part of a chain of commemorations or go back to 1880's oon this landscape.

120th eterans from the new york infantry gathered on the cedar creek battlefield, to the regimental monument -- a monument not too far from us here -- veterans from the regiment observed -- i spot t believe there is a on this continent where more for the interest of a nation was concentrated than here at cedar creek. while some individuals might inclined to think that this veteran exaggerated cedar place in history, one could certainly argue that because of what was at stake the union war effort in the autumn of 1864, cedar creek is if for a moment one of the most important places on the north american continent. among all the battles fought in shenandoah valley, none achieved more significant had wider and

consequences -- then cedar creek. here, 150 autumns and permanently the shenandoah valley from confederate control. the valley harvest, what was left of them, after the destruction of the burning available to feed the confederate forces. union victory here 150 autumns the generals d iconic reputation, while helping eously president abraham lincoln secure his bid for reelection in november. success at cedar creek, 150 autumns ago, also proved a crucial turning point the civil war, as with the valley secured, the region could no longer be used

nue of a vision or a diversionary theater of war for confederate forces. the union's success at cedar creek also meant that freedom the region's slaves -- a freedom that proved rather to uous and uncertain due the back-and-forth nature of the shenandoah n valley -- now stood on firmer ground. although, african-americans would still confront obstacles in the conjuring decades, to promise of abraham lincoln's emancipation proclamation. beyond the mountains which defined the shenandoah valley, news of cedar creek but hope to those in the north for ultimate and the sobering reality to individuals in the south that the confederate experiment would ultimately end in defeat. in one of his many chronicles the american civil war, prize-winning

catain imagined a scene, where we now stand in front of the majestic house that looms behind me. scene where bed a general sheridan, after the cedar creek was over, was leaning against the confederate cannon. peering out into the distanceat the flickering campfires of the army of the shenandoah. bruce so eloquently captured what victory at cedar creek meant to the union war effort. he wrote -- the sun had gone down. the fight was over. and the army was no rest for keeps. the war in the shenandoah valley had been one. the valley, these armies could not have hoped to hold richmond much longer.

while this battle, with the a surprise of early-morning assault of a inferior army size, t an army twice her sheridan from winchester -- an event art rtalized in poetry and rallying of -- the union forces aand an afternoon counterattacked, which drove who had fought s stubbornly, south. cedar creek, indeed, proved to point ignificant turning in the conflict, and an omen of sunset for the confederacy. which this pe upon a landscape red --

which witnessed thousands of men become casualties -- reminds us of the very tragic the american civil war. sometimes as we stand upon the such as this one, one that is usually cloaked in the quietness broken only by the sounds of nature, we forget how bloody our american iliad was. a conflict which claimed the 3/4 of 1 nearly million americans. many of the men who fought in rest of this field-- blue and gray -- had their whole lives in front of them. interrupted, aand sadly, interrupted. college professor who teaches students who are the same age as many of those soldiers on this hallowed i pause to wonder about what might have been. what might have become. the

time of the battle, he was twenty-seven years old when he breathed his last breath. one also wonders what might of the educated name is lowe, whose emblazoned -- mortally wounded, like his confederate counterpart. the civil war ter ended, a short biography of s published, along with ninety-five others in the harvard memorial biographies. a series edited by union turned author, thomas whitworth. his his publication, a dow sent a copy to well-known scottish intellectual, thomas carlyle. long admired by her now late husband.

after thomas received and read note to ned a his widow, which capture not only the tragic essence of his loss of life, but the general tragedy of our civil war. a tragedy we must never forget, and always commemorate. would need a it heart, much harder than mind, not to recognize the high and noble spirit that dwelt in the junkman. the heroic -- dwelt in these young men. their heroic and virtues. the only deepens me to sorrow tragedy of the briefest of each of the lives. while this battlefield can be viewed as a place or a turning a int in a conflict, where as

tragic landscape with men who had so much potential cut a place that also reinforces robert e lee's history that t is teaches us to hope. fought in cedar creek iin 1864 and survived would have never fathomed that just nineteen years after the battle, men who had one shot at other would come back as part of a united country. in unbreakable nation welded with blood and fire, tto remember, contemplate, and commemorate. when the members of the veterans association to the eir excursion shenandoah valley on the anniversary of the campaign, they visited all of the battlefields of that campaign, including this one. entertained by the owners of

belle grove, the veterans their old battle lines, delivered remarks of commemoration, and walked side-by-side with confederate veterans. served in the army and veteran to call the shenandoah valley home. when the sheridan veterans association return two years to dedicate a me of if nt to the exploits vermont infantry, a spirit of true national healing prevailed. a spirit that does not require to forget the past, but not let the past greatest thing that present nor paralysis for the future. while that block was simple and was intended to commemorate the morning. a morning with the regiment lost nearly 3/4 of its men in approximately 30 minutes.

it also stood as a testament to henri, and , kurds, experiences of sacrifice -- courage, and shared experiences of sacrifice. one noted the historic purpose this monument as a national monument to healing. as a monument will serve keystone of eternal feeling between us. be an everlasting covenant. be grounds for hope that the future of our beloved country may be worthy of its glorious past. as we commemorate the battle of

cedar creek this evening, this d can teach us and generations not only about the civil war's most significant in the shenandoah valley, but it can instruct us heroism, hing such as to duty, and forgiveness. all those men -- they have earned the right, along with battlefield, to be remembered not only once every quarter of a century, but every year. fitting this remarks to close my the veteran ds of of the second infantry division from ohio. of the grand ion party reunion in cleveland, ohio -- thirty-seven years

after this battle -- he penned a poem simply entitled, "cedar creek". words cut powerfully across time as to why we much always commemorate, preserve, and learn from this battlefield landscape. wrote, in part -- confronting each other like too war hat they, battered armies iin grim silence lay across the shenandoah valley that october day. these veterans were all that the word can apply. the bravest of man, they fear demanded, not die, but faced the monster with color swung high and undaunted i. they had done it again and again. flower of this nation there that day, and that army in blue that army in gray, and took their position in battle array.

they wheeled into their places too soon. but as evening closed-end, each battle scarred host, do down it shades, all hope seems to be lost as they slept beneath a pale waiting moon. the battle was waged with a lor that no mortal can tell. charge back and forth in rage, while led brave man fell. cheers and tears ffor each hero who found there, a grave. rust may destroy sword and gun. permit e, in conclusion, me to say that whoever took that battle that day, wwhether wearing the blue or the gray, will never forget

cedar creek. we regret grows such great men die. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, jonathan. as we have heard, it is a sacred place that we remember. the war weary soldiers who kept fighting to enter their beliefs were protected. we remember the soldier to fail here at our feet. who took the last breath in this field. looked upon this landscape aas their last sight. we remember their families, who or iowa or r georgia, who were waiting for news of their safety. news that never came. we are here to remember our ancestors and descendents.

our own. who sacrificed everything, so that we may continue to live in where all are y free, where all can stand up and express themselves, and all can stand together as one. we have many people in the audience tonight who have connections to cedar creek. union and ndents of come derate soldiers hhave in e this weekend to follow their ancestors footsteps to the landscapes they saw, and to understand the importance of what happened here. i would like to ask any descendents of cedar creek soldiers to stand at this time. [applause] thank you for being here. tradition, at belle grove, to present a the anniversary every

year to honor the soldiers, families, and communities who battle of ted by the cedar creek. that e going to continue tradition this evening. in just a moment, the commanders will come forward and present a memorial wreath. jeanette or general make the presentation, i will to for a moment of silence remember and honor the -- and ces reconciliation -- that has happened here on this battlefield.

[singing]

[singing]

[singing]

[applause] >> present arms!

>> thank you. our commitment to this place is the activities this weekend, and your presence this evening. the power and the number of people here is directly related to our power and ability to keep the memory alive. keep this place preserved. has taken countless people through the decades to make sure that this place is here. private citizens, local community groups, nonprofit organizations, and government worked together to create cedar creek and belle grove national historic park. and to keep the preservation work going. it is an ongoing effort that to support the cause and support the legacy of this place.

one organization who is taking is d in honoring the history the heritage area known as journey through hollow ground. their preservation efforts spans from charlottesville to pittsburgh. in commemoration of the centennial of the civil war, journey through hollowed grounds have taken on an impressive project that you will hear about shortly. my pleasure to introduce the national advisory council. known for his sweeping my il war films, it is pleasure to introduce ron maxwell. [applause] >> hi. are your teeth chattering at?

i do not know how you all could sing so beautifully in this cold! s. goodnes if it keeps getting colder, it of a few nights aas we were filming the battle of fredericksburg. we filmed it on december 13, a e night -- there was confederate nodding there. you were with us, weren't you? well, i'm very proud to be a of the advisory board. live right over the hill really enjoy living here. okay, so, what is the journey h hollowed ground up to? the we all know, during american civil war, 620,000 soldiers were killed. these men represented union, confederate, and u.s. color troops.

these men were fathers, sons, brothers, and friends. they died in homes, hospitals, and present. according to the chief historian of the park, robert soldiers f the 620,000 who died, approximately 50% are unknown to us. these men each had stories to tell and dreams they wish to esearch, yet by our r most have been forgotten. it has been said that the largest civil war's part over words. words describe to thomas jefferson and patrick henry -- all men are created equal. from henry, give me liberty or give me death. out of as you turn jefferson's property, you will travel 180 miles north along hallowed ey through ground national scenic byways. you pass the ,

largest concentration of civil war battlefields in the country, including the of the war -- harpers middle manassas -- the of the war, and the end of the war. it was upon these battlefields 620,000 men the who fought died. the centennial is coming with the legacy project of national significance. it is a simple yet eloquent plant to plant one tree for each of the 620,000 soldiers living memorial for their individual and combined sacrifices. that is right. you heard it correctly. trees. this is such a good idea i wish i thought of it myself. a 180 trees will create from monticello tto

gettysburg, along the journey ground hallowed national scenic byway, tthat reminds visitors that they are, indeed, on hollowed ground. to date, trees have been planted to honor 1463 fallen men. the next twenty days, will be planting another 1900 frontage of the former president james monroe's home. some of these trees will be honoring soldiers that fought and died here at cedar creek. more, the journey through hollowed ground is geo-tagging each tree to allow visitors to of rn the name and the story each young man for whom the tree is planted. by allowing photos, diary

entries, and photos home to be shared. you will be able to instantly learn about this particular soldier. to believe this is the time create and implement aa living the cy for those who gave last full measure during our country's most trying time. this project further lends itself to a national service learning program, as we work from around the country to research the fallen from their own communities -- to learn their stories, aand to dedicate trees in their honor. within the past year, students massachusetts, pennsylvania, and virginia have of their the stories own ancestors aand helped us trees in the honor of these men. we announced a partnership with ancestry.com

and the history channel, who are supporting our efforts to teachers and school children from around the country who from their community fought and died. these children are actually coming to dedicate the trees in their honor. to date, partners include the national park service, the epartment of the civil war , corporations including warner bros., and so many others. you, too, can get involved by donating $100 to plant a tree. by doing so, you may select the you wish to honor, and a y also make the donation as tribute to others or to honor of an unknown soldier. for your many efforts to help give us voice the known and unknown, so

that they shall be remembered for generations to come. know, are the largest living organisms on earth. with the rganisms longest lifespan. we americans love arteries, and -- love our force trees, and we love our forests. by planting trees along this route, we are proclaiming that we will never forget the brave young men and women of the civil war. all e are trees alive across united states that were alive during the time of the civil war. we invite you to share the of your own ancestors, or to consider helping others to do the same, by dedicating a along our living legacy national memorial. what was a n landscape most saturated in blood of our forebears -- into the largest aalley in the world

to our dear, and never forgotten fallen. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, ron. i would just like to add that journey through hallowed working with the historic e, of battleground association, to identify the names of the fallen here at cedar creek. he has done an impressive job of researching the casualty list. the living legacy tree project example of a variety of preservation efforts that are happening in our own communities. cedar creek and belle grove national historic park, the staff is working tirelessly this place is preserved and ready for your experience.

as you may have realized, this park is a very unique national park. partnership s a are, the lands are owned and the ated not only by but by l park service, who maintain their facilities, run operations to provide quality visitor services, and access to preserve lands. this park is co-managed with service, nal park belle grove incorporated, the cedar creek battlefield shenandoah the valley battlefield foundation, and the national trust for historic preservation. vital organizations, like the civil war trusts and all of our communities, round out our efforts. ent uld like to take a mom to recognize these amazing stewards of this park. i would like to ask all staff the national park service, aand all of our park partners, to please stand and

zed.ecogni [applause] these partners have been doing these last few years. at a media conference earlier were able to the acquisition of preservation of an additional 186 acres of battlefield land. war trust recently acquired close to 7 acres of the mount caramel cemetery, tthat witnessed the le action in both morning surprise attack and the afternoon counterattack. the shenandoah valley so tlefield association al preservation of 179 acres near strasburg, through a conservation easement

that will forever protect the to the ed related morning attack. these new preservation efforts, year, brings the number of preserved acres to close to 1700 acres. at s is an impressive feat th happened because of our collective efforts. we are a fairly young park. since being established in has worked hard -- tthis park has worked hard visitor services, community outreach, and visitor materials to share with you. has partnership collective to find king together preserve to not only lands -- l battlefield excuse me --

excuse me. have been working preserve additional battlefield lands to increase through trails, wayside exhibits, programs, and other offerings. i encourage you to continue cedar creek with and belle grove, and see how we ue to grow as a park. but all this cannot be done without the support of our local citizens and community. all of our organizations are supported by a strong and passionate group of volunteers. our volunteers help with from providing tours belle grove to operating the

war museum and the cedar creek headquarters office. these volunteers are honoring the legacy every day through o this place.ent t without them, this anniversary weekend were not have been possible. i would like to ask all of the volunteers involved in this park to please stand to be recognized. [applause] thank you. it is the community that has it is d the spark, and the community -- this park, and community that has created these partnerships. to introduce patrick ferris, tthe executive director of the one heritage society, to say a few words.

[applause] >> thank you, amy. two about a word or these partnerships, beginning with this reminiscence -- when i was in my twenty's and felt anywhere in the world, i did. and i came to virginia. and i went everywhere that i could in virginia. and i remember being at the birthplace of booker t. - aa very small the national park service -- and i can remember over a quarter of a century ago, the story that i learned there about the people lived at that place, and about booker t. washington himself. all of emember, after these years, because it is the stories that stay with us when visit a place. story, oor the stories, of a place that draws to that location in the first

place. re seated and standing today is a myriad of the stories. i am looking into the distance that silent signal -- the which is warren county bit, on ndoah, a little that side. in are standing in frederick between those counties. all of these places rendered of the civil e torn apart for years only to have to bear witness to the battle of cedar creek itself. fought, men who their lives, ttheir health, their freedom, access their families, their on these fields -- those stories are the stories many of us here. the 150th oday on anniversary weekend of the

battle of cedar creek, but have drawn us here before and will continue to draw us in the future. our children and our children's children. he partnership that makes up park, is composed of historic sites and political units, like those in town. d it is the stories that they have maintained over the years allow us to create a national park in this place. because this national that i feel now comfortable and safe, as i'm the stories that will be protected. come here and e learn not just about those people then, but about themselves. it is those stories that make this place. and it is the partners that together this park -- with those stories -- that make such a poignant reminder of

the entirety of that civil war. for being very much here today, and i think you even more for coming back. [applause] here at the park, and with our organizations, are working here to continue the legacy. our goals are simple -- to be caretakers of this land, history with our visitors, and pass these places on to the next generation, so that they may take up the torch of preservation. our youth play a vital role in this history. it is up to them tto keep the effort going. it is up to us to instill a and urgency in them tto ensure they stay involved.

with this in mind, we have anutten ith the mass military academy to encourage students to think about the civil war from their perspective. we asked the students to why you should care aabout this place and history. teacher, miss er michelle harper, we have two cadets with us tonight who will present their thoughts on the subject. the first cadet who will be speaking is omnia el bahraway. be sharing an essay written by her fellow cadet. second speaker will be brianni thomas. please welcome them. [applause]

>> today, we gather to remember fought 150 that was years ago. but why does the civil war matter to us today? history doesn't repeat itself, but it does arrive. however, if we forget the past, we may repeat it. that is one of the many reasons why this war is important. overall, the major outcome of the war was abolishment of slavery. this is a reflection of how much america has changed. more tolerant, more integrated, aand more varied in our demographics and culture. fact, 1913, african-american veterans recited for the ceremony. today, we embrace and celebrate our differences. furthermore, no other conflict is so profound change our society. political and social

impacts were important. citizenship for all born in the united states. voting rights for all male citizens, regardless of race. women's rights gained momentum. staged a war also modern message. thus, bringing medical advancements for which we take for granted. include modern hospitals, and to ed ambulances, say for surgical techniques. ave for surgical techniques

help devise and of our daily rts lives. things including national delivered mail, our shoes different shooting between our left and right foot, and can openers. these things e all for granted; however, one of impacts of portant the war includes our veterans. war left us the sense of care. the soldiers homes later became the hhome to many organizations. for our e we have ancestors -- that, in itself, is one lesson in which we should never forget. civil war s the matter even? life, ly did it change

but the war has made our country come together. in the end, it defined us as a nation. it was a crossroad of who we are and who we begin to be. warren calls the war in american oracle. us who we are, and reflected the changing nation of america. when we examine what it means is no american, there better register than the civil war. as a novelist and historian once said, shelby foote, before the war, we were referred to as these united states. but after the war, we were referred to as the united states. as abraham lincoln noted so eloquently -- the battle and come consecrated the

unfinished work that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom. thank you. [applause] by i want to start off saying thank you for inviting us and letting us come to this historical site. normally show our generosity n and like we should for what time. had uring this are acrifice for what we privileged with today. a do not realize how much of change there was in, basically, history. off with technical advancements, such as the - which now road -- led to the metro. us to a whole

demographic variety, and definitely diversity, within tates rea and the united s of america. those who do not learn from the bound to repeat themselves, which mean that we learn from our mistakes. and those mistakes that those soldiers had learned to sacrifice, we should honor them. the union of our nation brought through the civil war, and we thank you for all that you have done for us. also like to say that though we don't normally go through each day wondering what it was like and how we each individual person there, we should recognize the fact that people in the past made what we have today. and stay thank

you on behalf of the massanutten military academy. [applause] >> before we close for the evening, i want to take a our nt tto recognize winchester hoir -- music hhave joined us and we'll close with one last piece. based out er choir is of winchester and has been a wonderful addition to the program tonight. scheduled concert is for next weekend at the lutheran church in winchester. can get more information about them at their table in the back. thank you to the choir. [applause] i would also like to offer a thank you to belle grove hosting us this

evening, and providing a wonderful setting. thank you [applause] the ceremony, the city of middletown will be hosting a luminary event. the town is placing 964 down both sides of main street -- one luminary for every soldier that died at cedar creek. shops, restaurants, and historic sites will also be open later this evening for you to explore. we close this evening, i would like to encourage you to continue exploring the special place. as you think about the soldiers encourage here, i walk in the footsteps. visit the ent to eighth vermont monument, where ded their colors are hundred and fifty years ago tomorrow. take a moment to explore the belle grove manor

house, where the family took shelter against the raging were around them. talk to a reenactor and learn about the regiments they are interpreting. travel the path of aa battle as unfolded, 150 years ago, on a real-time program. immerse yourself in this history. you are sitting unhallowed ground. it is up to us to continue to champion the preservation of the sacred space. i would like us, as we are enjoying the sunset in this place, to take a moment and continue to reflect. our reenactment community would like to provide a salute and we will begin the last piece. thank you.

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[applause] ♪ mine eyes have seen the

glory of the coming of the lord; he is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored he hath loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword his truth is marching on ♪ glory, glory, hallelujah glory, glory, hallelujah

glory, glory, hallelujah his truth is marching on ♪ ♪ i have seen him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps they have builded him an altar in the evening dews and damps i can read his righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps his day is marching on ♪ ♪ glory, glory, hallelujah glory, glory, hallelujah

glory, glory, hallelujah his truth is marching on ♪ ♪ in the beauty of the lilies christ was born across the sea with a glory in his bosom that

transfigures you and me as he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free while god is marching on ♪ ♪ glory, glory, hallelujah glory, glory, hallelujah glory, glory, hallelujah his truth is marching on glory, glory, hallelujah glory, glory, hallelujah glory, glory, hallelujah

his truth is marching on amen amen ♪ [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> joint american history tv tonight as former nixon aide describes his extended 1983 interviews with richard nixon. we will see clips of the interviews and hear about the topics covered, including vietnam, china, watergate, and

nixon's resignation. three, tonight on c-span american history tv. tv'sweek american history real america brings you archival films that help tell the story of the 20 century. beduring the 50's, oakland came a ghetto surrounded by the white affluence of oakland hills. to contain the misery and violence of the ghetto, oakland's all-white police department under reputation for head knocking brutality that has left a well remembered legacy of bitterness in the minds and hearts of many who lived in that place. >> i was growing up in the late 30's and 40's, the police department was perceived as brutal. there was extreme fear on the part of black people at that time. i remember one specific situation where several young

blacks were being apprehended by the police or they went into their homes, and i remember one particular police officer kicking one of the young people, couldn't have been more than 13 or 14 years old. i think that the black panthers rates a significant issue, the brutality of the police when they came into the black community. >> the police were in the same position as most of government, not being responsive to citizen needs. inculcated what i characterized as a gung ho orientation. >> there is a new relationship developing between oakland and the police. police officials hold regular meetings in the community and they are well received.

greatests one of the things i have seen and oakland and my 80 years here. i never thought i would see the police saidan see down and let you criticize them. >> next week on american history tv's real america, the people a 25he police, oakland, minute documentary examining the problem of police brutality in 1974. that is sunday, december 21 at 4:00 p.m. eastern on c-span three. thewe continue our look at 1860 four presidential election between abraham lincoln and george mcclellan. the summer of 1864 was marked by heavy union casualties and dwindling support for lincoln's inn goal of emancipation. many believe that lincoln would fail to win reelection. the university of kansas professor