lity in february, we spoke with two industry executives at the consumer electronics show in las vegas. >> we believe at the end of the day, the internet need strong and effective rules to protect net neutrality for the users and developers. nondiscrimination and they need to be enforceable. ask the problem we have now -- >> the problem we have now is that it is not focused on the substance, a lot of consensus around to that. it is focused on the fcc legal authority and what jurisdictional theory they should use. our concern is that they will undo potentially a regulatory status that has existed for over

a decade. monday night at 8:00 on the communicators on c-span 2. >> each week, american artifacts takes you to museums and historic places to learn what artifacts reveal about american history. clara barton called the angel of the battlefield during the civil war and founded the red cross. she moved the headquarters to a house in glen echo maryland. stockpiled with supplies, volunteers, and ready cash, workers could begin relief efforts immediately in the event of a crisis. >> welcome to clara barton national historic site. 38 rooms

this was the first permanent home of the organization she founded and led, the american red cross. we are in a hallway that has paneled walls. you start to find doors, door after door can open up and reveal things to cook soup with an things to make soup with, serve food. there are times and blankets -- tents and blankets, thanks to wash clothing with. the volunteers lived here and had supplies on hand. there is a walk-in vault in the corner of this building where they had $3000 ready to start a relief effort.

they learned of a hurricane on a sunday and the bank was closed, they did not have to wait for the bank. they could open the doors, load wagons, go to trains. before we see more of this house and talk more of the lady who lived here, we will first talk four-minute about -- for a minute about the town and how clara martin -- clara barton came to live in glen at go, maryland. glenn ecowas founded by tim geithner is -- glenn at go, maryland -- glenn at echo, maryland. glen echo was founded by an brothers. -- 20 brothers. they bought 516 acres of land. their idea was that it could be

a vacation retreat for people that lived in washington city during the year and wanted to get away from the city in the summer. you could enjoy the woods, they were lovely. the potomac river down the hill from this house today. once these brothers built glen echo, they advertised in magazines, in newspapers. they tried to bring attention to this new place on the map they thought of famous people that might come here and bring prestige and bring notice clara barton was famous for her civil war work of 30 years before this. she was known as the angel of the battlefield and she was known for the american red cross.

they offered to give for this land for free and to build her a building for free if she would come to glen echo and make this a center for her organization. it was an attractive opportunity to have a big building that would serve the american red cross. it was what she was looking for. the trolley would be very convenient. she would save yes to these brothers. she would have to say a little bit more than yes. she would have to tell the brothers what kind of building she wanted. why did she choose this and where did she get it? johnstown sylvania -- sylvania is the answer. it was below a lake. the lake was a place people enjoyed. they vacationed around it. the dam was poorly maintained

for years. after days of heavy rain, after warnings about the dam, it broke on may 31, 1889. the johnstown flood killed more than 2000 people. this unproven american red cross went to johnstown and stayed there for months helping his people survive and recover. you can notice from this image, one thing people needed was shelter. the american red cross took tennts and would also build shelters. six red cross buildings were put up in a matter of weeks. this could be a dining hall for a lot of people. a workroom and a playroom surrounded by bedrooms for the people of johnstown.

and it worked. it was a good design for those buildings. clara barton was proud of those buildings and she thought the same design would serve her well in glen echo. she asked her new friends to build a johnstown house and they did. they built this building. they did not finish it. the brothers did not put up the railings and they did not cover the ceilings. they did not panel the walls or put in plumbing. they had trouble with their trolley. they could not get the streetcar to come all the way to glen echo . clara barton made the decision that she could not live here without the trolley. she needed the mail delivered every day. she needed access into washington. the roads between here in washington were not dependable. she chose to use this as a

warehouse until the streetcar did arrive. for six years, this was a barn full of boxes. finally, the trolley arrived in front of this building and when it did, clara barton wanted to make this place livable. she had to change this from a barn to a home and she did not want to spend a lot of money that had been donated for hurricane efforts. it was ms. barton's money that made this place livable. she tried to do that work with a careful eye on spending. she was very frugal, she was from new england. one thing she had a lot of was cotton. big roles of this cotton and they cut it into strips. it could act as bandages.

this material is what she used to cover the ceilings. most of the walls in this house are bandaged because the plaster would have cost a great deal of money. this house revealed that ms. barton was frugal and resourceful and creative. it reflects her dedication. it was her home in the center of the american red cross. -- and the center of the american red cross. clara barton was born on christmas day in massachusetts. her birthplace is still there. it was on a farm when she was a girl. her father was a middle-class farmer. before being a farmer, he had been a soldier and had risen to

the rank of captain. he was active in local government and served on the legislature. the barton family helps support in the community. she had an exposure to service and her family and experience with service at a young age. clara barton had two brothers, two sisters, and they were all much older than she was, more than tenures older. her brothers -- more than 10 years older. her brothers and sisters were teachers. at 17, she started to teach school. she had to overcome this very shy nature. she went on to enjoy that work and earned a reputation of being a good teacher. she is 30 years old, the

earliest picture that we have. she found new jersey did not have a system of free schools and she approached officials of the town and offered to start one herself and they found a building that would be suitable. six kids when the school opened and we grew to 20 by the end of the week. the town invested in the school and would build a bigger building the next year and hire a principal. they did not choose ms. barton. they hired a man to be principal and paid her more than twice the amount they paid her. she would go on to washington. as the war began and the soldiers for massachusetts came to washington, they were traveling through baltimore when they were attacked by baltimore ian's who sympathized with the

confederacy. the massachusetts men went on the train and came to washington. it was chaotic in the city. clara barton heard of these riots and wanted to meet the men of massachusetts to see if there was anything she could do. she got things for them and help to set up space for them to stay. she found she knew some of those men. she had taught some of them in school. they are much older men who can ask families to send things. she would go on to put ads in newspapers in massachusetts and asked people to send her supplies. mary norton, her friend from college, gathered things from ladies in new jersey who wanted to support the troops.

her apartment was filled with supplies. she would fill another apartment and would go on to fill three warehouses. they would take those things into the battlefield. we find clara barton at the end of the war, in her mid-40's. should become the angel of the battlefield. -- she had become the angel of the battlefield. she would look -- worked to locate missing soldiers. she would take to the lecture circuit and thrill audiences with stories of her experience. that lecturing made her a good deal of money and made her famous and it contributed to her growing fatigue. years of war and work had taken a toll on her health. her medical doctor urged her to

vacation. in switzerland, she learned of the red cross and the geneva convention that had just created the red cross to be neutral during the war, to be helpful to everyone involved in the war. while she was in europe, the franco-prussian war broke out. before coming home to america the idea that there could be an american red cross. she would have to work for years to realize that idea before forming an american red cross in 1881. we are standing in the room that was her office. she sat right here on this chair. in front of the chair there was a foot warmer. on one side of her desk, there is a stapler. next to it, a fragment of a cannonball that she used as a

paperweight. all sorts of other interesting things are here on this desk. on one side of her office, we find a dining room for the volunteers that work here and lived here with her. 6-12 volunteers that work ordinarily here. this table was missed barton stable. the china was -- was missed barton's table. about a third of what we see in this building was ms. barton's. on the other side of her office, we find an office for the volunteers who worked with her. reports of work they had done when they came back from cuba, they wrote of that effort. they wrote letters and letters in that office. every desk in the room has a

typewriter. when the letter was done, you could take the letter out of the typewriter and put it on the letterpress. the ink went to the tissues and you had copies, three or four copies of a letter you were going to mail. there is a telephone on the right of the room. a graph of phone recorded the voice and played back the voice for dictating other things. these two rooms for the national headquarters for the american red cross between 1897 and 1904. today if you went downtown and saw the white house, you would see a big marble building for the red cross.

that has been the national headquarters since 1917. dr. julian hubble was clara barton's right hand man. he was a medical doctor. he studied architecture and played a part in design the building and the buildings in johnstown. he could sit down in this room and enjoy it as a living room. is a place for other volunteers could tell stories about adventures. dr. hubble would talk about going to cuba and helping more vince -- helping orphans. entertaining things on the table, a deck of cards. three-dimensional pictures of niagara falls or paris.

this front parlor was for people that visited the house. the front parlor was a nice presentable space. some of the nicest furniture in this home is in this room. the piano was clara barton's piano. the red settee between the windows was a gift to her. the flower chair she liked a lot. it is a presentable space for guests. this is a volunteers bedroom many rooms like this. 10 bedrooms on the second floor. this one has a toilet bowl and a bathtub. this is clara barton's bedroom. bandage material on the ceilings

and walls. this room has windows that gave her a great view of the sunset and the potomac river. glen echo park was an amusement park in her last years here. this walnut bed was clara barton's bad. -- bed. there is a writing table. clara barton kept a diary from the time she was 13 until she was 90. the library of congress has most of those writings today. next to her bedroom is her sitting room, connected through those yellow doors. this was a place for her to write and read and have tea and visit with friends and tell stories. it has recently been restored to

look as it did when she was here. clara barton had a nephew, stephen barton liked this room and would visit his aunt often. he served as vice president for a time. he was like a son to her. there is a shaving stand for a man next to the window. there is a plate on the wall that could be pulled away so the stove pipe could be in certain to -- inserted into the chimney. there are six chimneys, there could the a dozen stoves. -- there could be a dozen stoves. a wheelchair, a high chair trunks and rugs, tables and

chairs. there is a door in the back left corner that goes nowhere. the american red cross would give these things to people. people on the street car could see those windows. people on the road would know what this house was about because of the windows. we have seen a wooden house that was once the center for an organization that works around the world and this country. after 18 major efforts after 23 years of leading the american red cross, and at the age of 82, clara barton was under pressure to resign. there was another lady to take over. there were people critical of her age, her management style

critical of the way in which the organization was growing. under that pressure, clara barton did step down. the american red cross moved into washington city and clara barton started another organization, the national first aid association. it was the organization that called first aid first aid and created the first aid kit. teaching people like you and i to do first aid. clara barton was a famous lady for 50 years of her 90 year life. she was an advocate for women's rights and african-american rights. she worked in various ways to contribute to those movements. clara barton never have the right to vote, but she would work to bring that right to women. clara barton died in her bedroom

in this house three days before the titanic sank. in the house after her death -- today, there are 401 units of the national park system. this was the first to be dedicated to a woman in 1975. >> you can watch this and other programs anytime by visiting our website at www.c-span.org/ history. >> you are watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span 3. follow us on twitter.