because it was something she has no control over. with kids i never know what i am going to get, but i always get the best conversations. like bill was saying, he enjoys the first person because it puts him there and brings people to him. i like the real conversations because they are looking for a real answer. i may not be able to answer that in first person, but we can sit down and talk about freedoms. not just emancipated freedoms, but freedom and mind and body. talk about the different roles of white women and black women and how their world sometimes were intertwined and how they had no control over their bodies and how sometimes today that is still and -- an issue. >> as dr. west comes forward to give some concluding remarks,

please join me in thanking bill and nicole. [applause] >> the civil war airs here every saturday at 6:00 and 10 p.m. eastern time. to watch more of our civil war programming any time visit our website. you are watching american history tv, all weekend every weekend on corey. >> all weekend, american history tv is featuring corpus christi, texas. in corpus kristen in 1948, dr. garcia founded the american g.i. forum which fought for equal treatment of hispanic veterans. karanusic's staff recently visited many sites showcasing the city's history. learn more here. >> padre island national sea

shore is 70 miles of a barrier island with beach bay coastal prayer -- prairie. we are located about 25 minutes from the city of corpus christi texas. this island started out by being used by american tribes seasonally. they would come here during nice weather. there was a bounty of fish in the area, a lot of seed plants, and they would leave when the weather turned bad in the winter. what happened next was when the spanish era was happening, there was a man born up river named bali, and he became a priest. they called him padre bali, and the island was named after him. he got padre island. he split it with his nephew. what they started doing over 200 years ago was cattle ranching. that is how it started out with his name. it actually did very well for him and his nephew.

once he passed away, the land that was his was split between his other relatives. so his nephew and other relatives would have most of the island to ranch on. eventually they would sell it bit by bit by bit. the island went through many hands. it stayed mostly a cattle ranch. here i am on a huge prarpey. over the dunes there is the gulf of mexico. but we have all these great grass lands here. eventually the land ended up mostly in the hands of a man named patrick dunn. this was in the 1870 when that really got started. the story of patrick dunn is a pretty amazing one. he was born in corpus christi in 1858. in his teenage years he started being a cowboy. he was working for different cattle ranches and he loved it. he new it was his way of life. but there was something that was invented and started really taking off in the 1870's that

revolutionized cattle ranching in the western united states. that was barbed-wire. what you used to have is the open cattle ranches. you would actually have somebody who could get some cattle, have them wandering all over the place and eventually take them to market. but with barbed-wire, all the people who actually had land claims would put fences around their land. that almost was the end of the open cattle range. but, there were a few people who really, really loved cattle ranching and who didn't want to stop. they didn't have the huge ranches like we see in southern texas. what they did is they came out to padre island. what made it ideal for cattle ranching, even if you didn't have the barbed-wire was that you didn't need a fence for most of it. you had water on moats sides of the island. patry done came out here, and he was so successful -- patrick dunn was so successful he ended

up owning most of the northern part of padre island. he would have the cowboys out here, and he would have his cattle all over the land. you think about how do you get those cattle to market? so around 1900 and into the teens and 20's, what would happen is he would have these three stations. they are called line camps. what they would do is at certain times of year, they would bring the cattle to the line camps. if you went from sun up to sundown, you could get those cattle to go about 15 mines. so there are three line camps, and they were all 15 miles apart. how were they built? if you look around, there are almost no trees on this island. there is one forest, it is the size of a car and the trees are about this tall. without any wood to bring a line camp, to build fences, to

build a bunk house, to build a place for shelter for the cooking and the eating, what they did was they used drift wood. these line camps were made out of whatever materials they could find from the beach. they came in from shipwrecks and drift wood. of the three line camps, one still exists today. that is the one behind me. it is located at the north end of the park. what originally happened was the cowboys would take the cattle from one line camp to another, and then eventually they would take them up to the north end of the island where there is now a cause way. the water was so shallow in the bay between the island and the konta nent, they would drive the cows through the water. eventually things would change so much. after patrick dunn passed away and his son took over, he would get the cowboys to bring the cows to the line camps, and

they would load the cows into tracks, old army vehicles, and they would go to the north end of the island and they would take a ferry across the water. so things changed a lot. we had two hundred years of cattle ranching, but after that the land was tired. eventually in the early 1960's, the park service bought this land, and it became a national sea shore. things really got rolling here in the early 19670's. that is when the -- in the early 1970's. that is when the last of the contracts for cattle ranching ended on the island. that was the last open cattle ranch in america, right here on this island. we are on the north side of the national see shore. ed yt of national parks is preservation and providing for the enjoyment of the people. the first one yellowstone, it

is a place like yeah, let's set this aside. we can preserve it and enjoy it. but as time went on, different types of park units were added for different reasons. what happened is on the east coast as cities started to expand and the population got bigger, people started looking forward in the 340's and say we need places out here that we can have recreation, that we can de-impress. started in the 1950's, that idea took off, near population areas to have national sea shores, where we can conserve the wildlife, the scenery to protect things. corpus christi is a city of 300,000 today. what they did is back in the early 1960's is they said let's take this area of the island

where the cattle ranching is coming to a close, the park service bought the land and created another national sea shore unit so there would be a place where everybody could come out fishing, swimming a place for birds badgers raccoons coyotes. so that yt of protecting the national landscape and a great place to redick erat. whatever you do, fly a kite, swimming surfing, kite boarding. all those things you can do in a place like a national sea shore. why the national see shore is important is like knit other national park unit, it is that in the national park service there are so many different times of ecosystems in the united states of america. a barrier island, and a prairie barrier island is a unique place. think about all the barrier

islands on the coastal bend, a lot of them have been developed. so to preserve an ecosystem intact this is what we have tried to do. since the 1960's, the place has blossomed again. 200 years of anything will have an impact on the land. the land has been able to take a break, to relax and restore itself. now it is this great natural place. >> throughout the weekend american history tv is featuring corpus christi, texas. our cities tour staff recently traveled there to learn more about its rich history. learn more about corpus christi on karanusic's city store at espn.com/localcontent. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on karanusic-3. >> here are some of our featured programs for this weekend on the karanusic networks. on use's book tv, tonight at

10:00 on after words, the washington burro chief on the british efforts in 2009 to stop the taliban's advancements in afghanistan. and sunday at 10:00, the senior editor at melo ville house books on the u.s. torture report and why his company decided to publish. and then on karanusic- 3 all month, interviews with former korean war p.o.w.'s. charles ross, an army sergeant captured by the chinese and held as a p.o.w. from 1950 to 1953. just after nine, a look back at selma with congresswoman eleanor homingse-norton and bill plant. you can find our complete television schedule at espn.com. let us know what you think about the programs you are watch. wall us at 202-626-3400.

e-mail us at karanusic.org. >> each week we bring you are a keisel films that tell the story of america. over 500 victory cargo shims were built to replace shims destroyed by submarines. this film documents the victory ship's journey through the philippines. >> ready to run engines. they are going to get one more lift before they are under their own steam. one of the always-present ducks which work on land and water. it will tow our iloka motives to solidground once -- our

iloka motives to solid ground one against. a strange setting to find our engines in. we know after this war is over, they will mean a lot in helping to rebuild the philippines, helping our friends get on their feet again. maybe she will have a better world to live in because of those engines. right now like kids everywhere in this war, it is hello, joe. now we've got news. while our railroad engines are ready to roll to manila, we are told that manila bay is open.

we are to take the rest of our cargo to manila where the railroad bat conference have set up shop to put them together. so we sole around the south china sea. there is the rock. and batn, a proud and sorrowful memory. >> with live coverage of the u.s. house on c-span and the senate on use, here on c-span-3 we complement that coverage by showing you the most relevant congressional hearings and public affairs events. then on weekends, c-span-3 is the home to american history tv, including six unique series. the civil war's 150th anniversary, visiting battle fields and key effects. tour museums and historic sites to discover what art facting