concealment and concealed movement exercises. they four should consist of a switch of classes. field fire ghost field craft and field craft to feel fire. day five consists of the following -- a rotation of the teams from a.m. 2 p.m. during training activities. one half of the crash is with movers and the other half goes to field craft. range estimation, target detection and concealed movement -- this will complete the five-day sniper sustainment program. sniper teams should be afforded every opportunity to thoroughly practice their skills. what you have seen in this presentation is only a guideline to follow. her mother to take advantage of any occasion that would lend itself to further training. the sniper has training to do

this job at the highest level of professionalism. this must be achieved before a sniper takes part in combat operation. one shot, one kill. united states army snipers. >> on american artifacts we toward the national cryptologic museum on the campus of the national security agency to learn about the making and breaking of secret codes. next, a tour of the enigma exhibit, the film "the imitation game" features a story of mathematician alan turing who is credited with cracking the enigma code. >> this is our most popular exhibit. we have people who come from all over the world to see it. this is authentic german enigma

machine. we have about five you can actually operate and people come from not only around the united states but around the world is a not only want to look at and enigma machine but you can actually operate this device and we are going to do that in just a second. the germans adopted this device as their main battlefield tactical communications device because it has an amazing capability. despite the fact it is electromechanical, it can produce permutations of three times 10 to the 114th power. that's more than all the stars in the universe and it makes it personally impossible -- virtually impossible to do what we call a brute force operation. it is way too much information to go through and because of that the germans believe you could never get to the point where you could find the key. if you can find the key, you're not going to be breaking any messages will stop the

cryptologic power comes from the three rotors that make up the device. when you hit a key on the keyboard, the current will flow into this plug board into the rotors where it will go into each one reflect or come back to the plug board and then appear. this is a very versatile machine. it's portable, so you can take it anywhere. you can have it in a defensive fighting position. while the critical parts was the key list, which you can see over here. the key list had three months worth of rotor settings and was disseminated every four months by german couriers. if you did not have the key list, you were not going to be able to get the rotor settings correct. if you did not have the ability to get the rotor settings, you cannot communicate with everyone else.

i'm going to do a quick demonstration here just to show you and we are going to use our vivid imagination will stop we are going to present its march 24, 1942. the world is at war, you look at the key list and the rotor setting is, to make it simple, 1, 1, one. the message we going to send from berlin is usa. if we send this out in the clear, it will get there but it will also fall into the hands of any number of people monitoring or frequency. so where going to encrypt this message before we send it off. so i'm going to hit the you u you, thes, and the a. this is what we would send. using our imagination, we are no longer in berlin. we are in a different place later in the day but a -- the

rotor setting does not change. so i'm bringing the message back. my machine is set -- it's on the setting for the day. now i'm going to decrypt the message. finally -- you can see it works nicely. a lot of people are not impressed by this. they say the things like my grandmother gave me a little orphan annie key ring, that could encrypt and decrypt. what's the deal? it is doing it by three times 110th to be 13 power. thankfully for the rest of the world, allies were able to break it. the first country to make progress poland. poland was worried about her german invasion and they were

able to hand select a series of gifted mathematicians. they begin in earnest effort to break the enigma code. it's one thing to have right intelligent people but when you are going up against three times 10 to the 114th power, you have a tough road to hoe. they did not give up. the residual men who worked in the euro who had once been a wealthy man. luckily, his older brother was able to get him a job as a clerk. he decided to do something to enhance his financial situation and contacted and agent of a french secret service and set i've got some secrets about enigma i would like to sell. how much money can you give me?

how does $20,000 sound in french francs? the exchange was made and because he had talked to the folks before, he forwarded the information to them. it was a slow process but over time, the polls were able to discern how the process works and begin to break enigma messages. once you do that, you've got to turn it into a 24 operations that you can develop real-time intelligence. they didn't get the chance to do that because their country was invaded in 1939 but it is worth noting that the polls have the breakthrough. after two years, they made it to bletchley park, the code making and breaking headquarters for the british empire set up by winston churchill. alan turing comes up with an innovative approach we referred to -- or he referred to as assumed text.

they were able to find radio stations that sent out messages every day at the same time and because of the nation -- the nature of the mission, they were able to get the first sentence of the transmission. station 26 on the coast of france comes on here every day at 10:00 and the first sentence is the weather today will be -- it was concerned with putting out weather reports to german ships and some rains. with that, you get a head start and you can begin the process. he's able to design a marvelous device referred to as the bomb. this is a giant guessing machine that help to sort out the other patterns and sequence. i don't want to make this sound easy. it was not stop at eight to 12 hours in the core of analysts linguists and many more support personnel.

here's the bottom line -- by the end of the day with some exceptions, they were able to determine the rotor settings. they were intercepting message all day long and they were able to discern the future tactics of the german military. it is a critical, critical breakthrough because people forget great britain was standing alone against the not the onslaught. the battle of britain was a very tough challenge for the royal air force and the ability to discern future tactical operations of the german military was a huge advantage. one of the methods the germans used to great effect was to conduct their bombing raids at night. if you read anything at all about the blitz, it was an incredibly difficult time.

huge portions of great britain are being destroyed and lives are being lost. when the germans did on that night, it was more effective in a lost fewer pilots and fewer planes. one of the systems they used was they would send a radio team from the airfield in germany or france to the target in the u.k. and would log on -- lock onto the beam and be able to deposit their bombs and lock back on the beam and fly back to their airbase. this proved to be very effective at when the enigma code was broken, the british knowing what the azimuth were, they were intercepting luftwaffe messages, they were able to bend the beams of the power transmitters on the coast and moved to beams so the bombers eventually dropped their armament on open cow pastures rather than military and

population centers. it's an early almost primitive example of operations but it can show you what you can do in your adversary is going forward. while it was the bravery of the british people in the effectiveness of their long bash of their forces, you can make the case there. the enigma message was also key. i would like to tell you the story ends here, but it is always a cat and mouse game. admiral karl turnage noticed a change and began an effort to try to make sure enigma was secure. he asked the german high command to make sure there wasn't a problem, that enigma was as secure as they believed it to be. they told him to stop worrying but wanted to take a little insurance.

pizza all of the enigmas out of the ships and some rains he controlled so he can sleep better at night. he had technicians install a permanent fourth rotor. that the entire process at bletchley park was based on three rotors and not for, which means the allies lose track of the german subs. for a version of 1942 german commanders referred to those as the happy times. they sunk over 200 ships off the coast of the united states alone. the navy is going frantic because convoys are being destroyed i far to regular basis. they signed a tactic to develop something similar to what the british had developed to solve the four rotor problem. so now we're going to look at america's contribution. what you see here is one of our most precious artifacts. this is the last existing u.s. navy cryptologic device.

there were over 100 of these built out of dayton, ohio. they were put on trains and moved to a facility just off nebraska avenue. that facility today is owned by the department of homeland security but in past years, it belonged to the united navy. i like the british device, it's important to get clues in the morning and once you are able to obtain those, you can obtain the process. it's like a giant calculating machine that can help you with a head start and window down and finally get before rotor settings. it's not easy. it became a very long time eight to 12 hours will stop sometimes longer. good cryptologic work, a lot of linguists and support personnel but by the end of the day, we were able to get the forerunner

settings and could do one of two things. sometimes the convoys were at sea, sometimes they can radio the captains to understand where the gains it your way. it helped to re-secure the north atlantic. other historians disagree but there's consensus on one critical point, which is that it ultimately saved thousands and thousands of allied lives. 1974, after almost three decades or over three decades the british told the world and the germans, guess what? we broke the enigma code as early as 1940. when that was announced, there were any number of individuals who had been involved with an responsible for the enigma program.