and that is how washington moves. it is not building consensus in washington. it is selling to the american people, whether it is a long speech or whatever. but bringing the american people into the equation, because the successful presidents have great faith in the will of the american people and judgment. john: so, could go on because we have enough knowledge on this panel to go on all afternoon but we have reached the end of our time. i would like to thank the henry m. jackson foundation. all of you coming to the bpc by television or in person, but mostly to thank the panelists. thank you very much. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> you are watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on

american history every weekend on c-span 3. follow us on twitter @c-span history for information on our schedule of upcoming programs and to keep up with the latest history news. >> this year c-span is touring cities across the country exploring american history. next, a look at our visit to key west, florida. you are watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span 3. charles blevin: welcome to the fort zachary taylor historic state park. constructed in 1845. that is when they started building it. it continued to be constructed until 1866. a lot of this fort was a response to what happened in the war of 1812. the british cannon were pretty successfully able to ravage many american ports, with exception of masonry forts.

they built some 46 forts from maine. they started around 1816. by the time they went down here, it was 1845. it was one of the largest masonry forts of its kind. at the time, in the 1840's, this was state-of-the-art. this was the best thing that we had to offer after some of these disasters that had occurred in the war of 1812. at one time, we were a true fortress surrounded by water. on this side of the fort, there was no beach or parking lot. it was the atlantic ocean. on the other side, of the north curtain, we had the gulf. all we have now that symbolizes that is a moat. the park service put that in so you have a sense of what it looks like when it was surrounded by water.

the civil war was it heyday. 10 days after florida became the third state to leave the union when this fort was officially taken over by the union. before, there were just workmen there. he came in with union troops and took it over, just to let them know that this was a union fort. everything was a union fort before the civil war. the south really didn't build that fort, they just occupied them. there were three that never left union hands, and this was one of them. fort pickens up in pensacola. he went up again, at risk to his

career, with no instructions took it over. not quite a month later, a letter came from washington. he was concerned whether he still had a job, he got instructions to take over the fort, which he held already done. a lot of the troops that came here, this was a training facility for them. you have young troops here mostly rural people from up north. it was kind of unusual. here you have these burly soldiers from the mexican war. they were dealing with basically illiterate young troops that did not know their left from the right. imagine that. here they are, away from home, the first time in a strange area.

this was more than eight military experience. -- a military experience. in the summer, they had to deal with death. sometimes they would come down with miasmas, they called, mosquito-borne yellow fever. it wasn't cannonballs that was the main killer, it was fever. 148 of the most modern naval tenants here at the time. -- naval cannons here at the time. some 30 years later, we had the spanish-american war in 1898. that kind of changed things. the guns were changed to more modern guns that fired as a

greater velocity. there was a major reconstruction that occurred here that more or less took fourth tiller out of that conflict. -- that took fort taylor less of a target. this was in response to the cannons making these masonry forts suddenly vulnerable. they used to build these batteries. if you walk around, you can see evidence of that civil war cannon, some of it protruding out of the cement. after 102 years, the army turned this over to the navy. in 1947, they turn it over to the navy, and i don't want to say they turned it into a dump but world war ii material was dumped here and covered up.

then it was duplicated into the dustbin of history. people forgot it was here. they did excavation here in the 1960's. gentlemen howard england was the first ranger. he passed on, that he was one we all look to that single-handedly put this on page one and make it a big deal. he found cannons here, at least 20 cannons during his process of excavation. one of the largest repositories of civil war material anywhere in the world. fort zachary taylor state park still has a place. it recognizes our history, and it is here for the benefit of young and old to come and learn about a time when things were

not quite as cordial as they are today. >> throughout the weekend, >> find out where the c-span city tour is going next online at c-span.org/cities tour. your are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span 3. >> i am not one of those who believes in the psychiatric examination of people. i believe that most of these people these historians should be on the couch themselves, rather than to psychoanalyze people they have never met. on the other hand, when i meet people, i do not judge them in terms of whether they have a firm handshake or whether they have by contact, but what i tried to do when i meet people is to listen to what they say. you do not learn anything when you are talking. you learn a great deal when they are talking. >> many tragedies of richard

nixon -- although very self-conscious, he was not very self-aware. nixon did have a psychiatrist. he was an internist. the doctor said he was careful to have nixon not think he was analyzing him. nixon went to him because his head hurt and could not sleep and he gave him mild therapy. but nixon even though he went to one, he hated psychiatrists and was always denouncing the. he was afraid of looking at himself in a realistic way. he used to say, i do not carry grudges. hello? he was one of the great grudge carriers of all time. he could be very uns elf-reflective, and this hurt him. >> evan