understood, you want to win the war you win the war, you hurt people. that is how you win the war, and it worked. i will just leave it with that. love him or hate him, he understood what war was about. i'm going to go outside and sign books. thank you so much for coming. [applause] >> when frances folsom married president glover -- grover cleveland, she was -- she had many firsts. she was the youngest woman to serve as first lady.

when she died in 1947, she lived an additional 51 years after leaving the white house, longer than any other first lady. frances cleveland in c-span's series. sundays at 8:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv on c-span3. >> 70 years ago on july 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was tested near los alamos, new mexico. here's a portion of the library of congress and los alamos national laboratory coproduction, the moment in time, the manhattan project which documents the moment of the explosion. >> the scene inside the shelter was dramatic beyond words. it can safely be said that

almost everyone was praying. oppenheimer scarcely breathed. >> at 45 seconds the automatic timer was started. the test was out of man's control. a physicist who was usually the coolheaded one changed his mind. >> he said, i am excited. >> 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. >> in the dead silence of the morning at 5:29:45, the coronado de muerto was based in a flash that most men had only seen from the stars. >> the atom bomb did not fit into any preconception thought

by anybody. >> the light from the blast was one place where theoretical calculation had been way off. in the instrument bunker, they were caught offguard. >> i realized the ball of fire was moving up. i grabbed the controls of the camera and turned the camera up and so you see it abruptly, it just suddenly jerks up. >> i was looking straight at the right spot. there appeared a very small bright light. and i first -- my first impression was, i distinctly remember, look at the bomb. and when i started to perceive i did not take off the glasses.

by that time, i knew it was big. i twisted the glasses and looked down at the sand behind me. as i looked down at the sand, it was like you are lifting the curtain of the darkened room. >> before i got my hand up to start adjusting the goggles, i saw something i did not know, i have not been smart enough to interpret, and nobody had thought of it. it was a cool desert morning. the sun had not quite come up. the air was still. it had that curious chill of a hot place in its coolest hour of the day. suddenly on that cold background, the heat of the sun came to me before the sun rose. it was the heat of the bomb, and

not the light, but the heat was the first thing i could feel. >> this sunday, on cue and day molly crabapple on her use of drawings to tell investigative stories from around the world. >> game -- gang affiliation may mean reading a book by a black panther or having a tattoo. pelican bay is not alone in this. you can land in solitary for your art reading, gender saunas, sexual orientation, or your friends. >> i go around with a sketchbook to draw, and it bills a rp with people -- it builds a rapport with people. when you draw, it is a

vulnerable thing. they can see exactly what you are doing. if you suck, they can see that. most people have not been drawn before and are pretty delighted to be drawn so most of the time i draw people because i like talking to them when i do it. >> c-span q&a. you are watching american history tv 40 eight hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. -- 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. american history tv is featuring c-span's original series "first ladies" throughout the rest of the year, produced in cooperation with the white house

historical association. we tell the stories of america's 45 first ladies. now, accretion garfield on first ladies, influence and image. this is about 90 minutes. (begin video clip) historian: it's only really in recent years that a lot of scholarship has focused on the fact of just how rocky her marriage was, particularly in its early phase. >> in the early years, i think james found her a little bit distant and cold, but as the years went by, she had a tremendous influence on him. >> james and lucretia spent a lot of time with their children. they felt that education was an emancipating factor and that that led to the key to success. mrs. garfield adored her time at the exhibition, but she's specifically interested in the latest sciences and technologies of the day.

>> after james garfield's death, a number of prominent citizens raised about $350,000 that was turned over to lucretia garfield. in today's dollars, that would equate to somewhere around $8 million. >> her character was exceedingly strong. she had a rectitude that was invulnerable. (end video clip) susan swain, host: lucretia garfield was born in ohio in 1832. her life spans antebellum america to the progressive era of the early 20th century. a supporter of women's rights and deeply interested in partisan politics, she and president james garfield entered the white house on march 4 1881, after a very close election. however, what plans she had as first lady were soon cut short by an assassin's bullet. good evening, and welcome to c-span's series "first ladies: influence and image." tonight we'll learn about lucretia garfield. and after the assassination, the next person to come into the

white house, chester arthur, who did so without a first lady, and we'll learn how he handled that. to help us understand this interesting period in american history, carl anthony, who is the historian at the national first ladies library in canton ohio, he's also the author of "america's first families." well, carl anthony, the circumstances of the garfields' election in 1880 really helped to seal the president's fate. so tell us the story of where the party politics were at that time. anthony: well, you know, so many of the large issues that had continued in post-civil war era were really in large measure put to rest. you know, the transcontinental railroad had by this time, of course, been completed. the troops had been removed from the south during reconstruction. a lot of focus was basically on power and money. and that struggle within the republican party for who would control the party, which meant who woul